CountryCountry PaperPaper MAY -2009MAY -2009

BYBYMrs. Badria A. Rahman Mrs. Badria A. Rahman KhalidKhalid

Mrs. Ekhlas Musa IbrahiemMrs. Ekhlas Musa Ibrahiem

السودان السودان جمهورية جمهورية Republic of SudanRepublic of Sudan    

Different CulturesDifferent Cultures

Map of SudanMap of Sudan• SSudaudan is the biggest n is the biggest

country in Africa .country in Africa .• Total area 2.5 million Total area 2.5 million

sq.km. ( 967.495 sq sq.km. ( 967.495 sq mi)mi)

• Boarding 9 African Boarding 9 African countries .countries .

The country divided into 25 states.

The states subdivided into 133

districts .

StatesStates

Basic InformationBasic Information

Capital : KhartoumKhartoum ..Biggest City : Oumdurman Oumdurman .

Government : Government of National UnityGovernment of National Unity

Independence: From The British & Egypt EmpireFrom The British & Egypt Empire 1st 1st January, 1956January, 1956

Languages: Arabic Arabic ((officialofficial)), , --local languageslocal languages, EnglishEnglish. .

.Religions: Muslim 70%Muslim 70% ( (in northin north)), Christian 5%, Christian 5% ((mostly inmostly in south and Khartoumsouth and Khartoum)), indigenous beliefs 25%, indigenous beliefs 25%

Area & ClimateArea & Climate :

Area: totaltotal 2.5million sq km .( Water 6%)2.5million sq km .( Water 6%)..

Terrain: generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far

south, northeast and west, desert dominates the northsouth, northeast and west, desert dominates the north Climate: tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November)varies by region (April to November)

populationpopulationPopulation : 39million (2009)39million (2009)

Density : 14/km² (36/sq. mi)14/km² (36/sq. mi) Population growth rate: 2.1%2.1%

mortality rate--2/1,0009mortality rate--2/1,0009

Rural population : 64%64%

Labour force: 7.4 million (Agriculture--80%; industry and 7.4 million (Agriculture--80%; industry and commerce--7%; government--13%. )commerce--7%; government--13%. )

Population below poverty line : 40%40%

Net migration rate: 0.67 migrant0.67 migrant((ss)/)/1,0001,000

internally displaced persons : 5.3 - 6.2 million5.3 - 6.2 million

The main Industries:

oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly

Industrial production growth rate: 32%

IndustryIndustry

Religion in Sudan

Sunni Muslim  70%

Indigenous   25%

Christian   5%

AGRICULTURAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTSPRODUCTS

• The main products: sorghum, cotton, sesame, groundnuts , millet, rice, sunflower ,wheat, gum

Arabic, dates ,sugar cane, mango, papaya, bananas,

vegetables.

Livestock & Fish Livestock & Fish productsproducts

•Meat , cheese ,row leather ,milk byproducts –

dry fish – salted fish

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

petroleum; small reserves of iron, copper, chromium, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower.

EconomyEconomy

•Exports - commodities: oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar

•Imports - commodities: foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat

GDP (2007, purchasing power parity):$ 87.885 billion.GDP annual growth rate (2007): 12.8%.Avg. annual inflation rate (2007): 5.3%. Per capita income GDP (2008): $2,305Currency :Sudanese Pound (SDG)

Water resourcesWater resources

• The main source is River Nile.

• Rainwater.

• surface water. • deep underground water.

DamsDams

• large dams :Sennar ,Roseries, Jabel

Aulia Dam,Khashm Elgirba

• The largest dam is Marawe dam ( 1250 mw)

AgricultureAgriculture

agriculture is considered the backbone of the economy in the country. The society is conditioned by anthropological and climatic factors, as well as the nature of the land.Cultivable area: 840,000 km.squ. Forest : 570,000 km.squPasture : 1,161800 km.squAnnual area planted : 168,600 km.squ( 91% rainfed – 9% irrigated)

LivestockLivestock))

Total : 136.7 million head.

•Types : Cow ,sheep , goats ,camel.

• Maximization of the rural family income is the main target of the government.

• The public expenditure for rural development raised from 236million(2000) to 1,432million SP . (2005),for agric.-social sector –water- war affected areas-roads.

DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

• IFAD: aimed to improve live hood in rural poor in rainfed sector & improve partnership with institution civil society, strengthen the women role in the development.

• FAO: food security programs.• EU: food security programs.• USA support.: food security programs.• MULTI-Donor Trust Fund• Islamic Bank Loan: improve production capacities of

the small farmers.

DONARS ROLE IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT

PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

.1Desertification.

.2Rainfall fluctuation.

.3Ecosystem disturbance.

.4Erosion.

.5Insufficient loans.

.6High input prices, low output prices.

.7Lack of agric.survices. (marketing –storage.) …….. Etc

.8Inadequate water supply ( farmers- livestock)

.9Weak veterinary services.

Wild Life (2)

Wild Life (3)

Wild Life (1)