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INSTALLATION RESTORATION PROGRAM * PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT * 216th Engineering Installation Squadron and * 234th Combat Communications Squadron Hayward Air National Guard Station California Air National Guard * Hayward, California January 1991 A AD-A238 772 II! liilllII II! Ii !! .- : 001)r II.I, Tennessee 37831 Operated by MARTIN MARIE1TA ENERGY SYSTEMS, IN C For the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400 l

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Page 1: * PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT - Defense Technical … · * PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT ... Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ... requiremients (guidelines, rules, regulations,

INSTALLATION RESTORATION PROGRAM

* PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT

* 216th Engineering Installation Squadronand

* 234th Combat Communications Squadron

Hayward Air National Guard StationCalifornia Air National Guard

* Hayward, California

January 1991 AAD-A238 772II! liilllII II! Ii !! .- :

001)r II.I, Tennessee 37831Operated by MARTIN MARIE1TA ENERGY SYSTEMS, IN C

For the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400

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Copies of the final report may be purchased from.

National Technical Information Service5285 Port Royal RoadI

Springfield, Virginia 22161

Federal Government agencies and their contractors registered with DefenseITechnical Information Center should direct requests for copies of this report to:

Defense Technical Information Center ICameron StationAlexandria, Virginia 22304-6145so I

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Form ApprovedREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE oMB No 0704-0188

0,01,( ' 1D ' or r, d for') tt ' -C ' "'' 2"Sst I,4-a I" 2 !I .-- ~a oe, ~ s ,noud.,q tie t-~ I' C . q~n ,n r monsl' sear, n -. sung ciata v.- .1 ,t, d 1,Mt.Cnnq the data- d nf- . " :"Srlfl n ee~ n e tn of -,)rrnations S nd -mmenl -34-g this burden esI-ate or anv other aDpe'Ct

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K2 410 !i. th- 0-1e~ -f- .. een r'd 8udqet, P D-.o tk Rndul" (0 5)4-018) Wash-nqton. C 205,03

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 12. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

January 1991 Preliminary Assessment4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Preliminary Assessment 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

216th Engineering Installation Squadron

234th Combat Communications SquadronHayward Air National Guard Station, Hayward, California

6. AUTHOR(S)

N/A

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

Science and Technology, Inc. REPORT NUMBER

704 South Illinois Ave.Oakridge, TN 37830

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING MONITORINGHazardous Waste Remedial Actions Program AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

Oakridge, TN

Air National Guard Bureau

Andrews AFB, Maryland 20331

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABiLITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODEApproved for public release distributio i: "'it j

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 2COwcrds)

Preliminary environmental investigation for the Hayward Air National Guard Stationlocated in Hayward, California. The report refIcts'data collected by records review

interviews, and site investigation. Three sites were identified as potentially

contaminated and recommended for furthir ihvestigation.

14. SUBJECT TERMS California Air Nati .... 1 Cuard; tidyward Air National NUMBER OF PA6ES

C.-. t .,;P iirnary Assessment; Installation RestorationProgram; Fire Training Area 16. PRICE CODE

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACTOF REPPRT , OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT

Unc lassiled I_NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Porm 298 (Rev 'z9

1- bera b" AN S ;td "49* '8

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INSTALLATION RESTORATION PROGRAMPRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT

I216th ENGINEERING INSTALLATION SQUADRON234th COMBAT COMMUNICATIONS SQUADRON

HAYWARD AIR NATIONAL GUARD STATIONCALIFORNIA AIR NATIONAL GUARD

HAYWARD, CALIFORNIA

Prepared for

I National Guard Bureau " /Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland 20331-6008I

I Prepared by

Science & Technology, Inc.704 South Illinois Avenue

Suite C-103Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830

I Contract No. DE-AC05-87OR21704

Submitted to

I HAZWRAP Support Contractor OfficeOak Ridge, Tennessee

Operated by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Incfor the Department of Energy,

Under Con~ract DE-AC05-84OR21400

I1 January 1991

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

3 Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................... ES-1

I. INTRODUCTION ............................ I-1A. Background ............................ I-1B. Purpose .. ........................ ..... 1-5C . Scope ..... ............. .. ............ 1-5D. M ethodology ............................ 1-6

II. INSTALLATION DESCRIPTION .................... I-1A . Location ............................... 11-1B. Organization and History ................... II-1

HI. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ..................... II-1A. M eteorology ............................ I11-1B. Geology ............................... 111-1C. Hydrology .............................. 111-7

1. Surface W ater ........................ 111-72. Groundwater ......................... 111-7

D. Critical Habitats/Endangered orThreatened Species ....................... 111-7

IV. SITE EVALUATION .......................... IV-1A. Activity Review .......................... IV-1B. Disposal/Spill Site Information,

Evaluation, and Hazard Assessment ............. IV-1C. Other Pertinent Facts ......................... IV-6

U V. CONCLUSIONS ............................. V-1

VI. RECOMMENDATIONS ........................ VI-1

I BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................ Bi-1

3 GLOSSARY OF TERMS ........................... Gl-1

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APPENDICES

Page

APPENDIX A. Outside Agency Contact List ............... A-1i

APPENDIX B. USAF Hazard Assessment RatingMethodology (HARM) .................... B-1 i

APPENDIX C. Site Hazard Assessment Rating Formsand Factor Rating Criteria ................. C-1 i

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i LIST OF FIGURES

I Pagte

Figure 1.1 Preliminary AssessmentMethodology Flow Chart ...................... 1-7

Figure if.1 Location Map of the Hayward Air National Guard . . 11-2

Figure 111.1 Physiographic Map of California ................ 111-2

i Figure 111.2 General Tectonic Map of Northern California ..... .111-3

Figure 111.3 Generalized Stratigraphic Column of the Area .... 111-5

Figure III.4 Surficial Geologic Map of the Area ............. 111-6

i Figure 111.5 Drainage Map of the Hayward AirNational Guard Station ...................... 111-8

I Figure 111.6 Surface Water Flow Route Map ............... 111-9

Figure 111.7 Stratigraphic Relations and Groundwater MovementAcross the San Lorenzo Cone in California ....... 111-10

Figure 111.8 Composite Water Level Map ShowingDirection of Groundwater Movement ........... III-11

- Figure IV.1 Potential Sites in the Vicinity ofthe Hayward Air National Guard Station ........ IV-4

U LIST OF TABLES

Table IV. 1 Hazardous Materials/Hazardous WastesDisposal Summary: Hayward Air NationalGuard Station, Hayward, California ............ IV-2I

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ACRONYM LIST

AGE Aerospace Ground EquipmentAVGAS Aviation GasolineCCSQ Combat Communications SquadronCERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Restoration, Compensation,

and Liability Act of 1980CFR Code of Federal RegulationsDEQPPM Defense Environmental Quality Program Policy

MemorandumDERP Defense Environmental Restoration ProgramDoD Department of DefenseDOT Department of TransportationDRMO Defense Reutilization and Marketing OfficeEIS Engineering Installation SquadroiEO Executive OrderEPA Environmental Protection AgencyFR Federal RegisterFS Feasibility StudyHARM Hazard Assessment Rating MethodologyHAS Hazard Assessment ScoreHAZWRAP Hazardous Remedial Actions ProgramIRP Installation Restoration ProgramJP-4 Jet FuelMAP Municipal AirportMOGAS Automobile GasolineNDDB Natural Diversity Data BaseNGB National Guard BureauNPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination SystemOSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration mPA Preliminary AssessmentPCB Polychlorinated BiphenylPL Public Law IPOC Point of ContactRCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976R&D Research and Development IRI Remedial InvestigationSARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986SciTek Science & Technology, Inc. ISI Site InvestigationUSAF United States Air ForceUSC United States Code mUTA Unit Training Assembly

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I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I A. INTRODUCTION

Science & Technology, Inc. (SciTek) was retained to conduct the InstallationRestoration Program (IRP) Preliminary Assessment (PA) of the 216thEngineering Installation Squadron (EIS) and the 234th CombatCommunications Squadron (CCSQ), Hayward Air National Guard Station[hereinafter referred to as the Station] located at Hayward, California. Forthe purpose of this document, the Station shall include the total area leasedby the 216th EIS and the 234th CCSQ at Hayward, California.

The PA included the following activities:

0 an on-site visit, including interviews with a total of 17 persons familiarwith Station operations, and field surveys by SciTek representativesduring April 23 through May 4, 1990;

o acquisition and analysis of information on past hazardous materials use,waste generation, and waste disposal at the Station;

I o acquisition and analysis of available geological, hydrological,meteorological, and environmental data from federal, state, and localagencies; and

o the identification and assessment of sites on the Station that may havebeen contaminated with hazardous wastes.

B. MAJOR FINDINGS

The 216th EIS and the 234th CCSQ have used hazardous materials andgenerated small amounts of wastes in mission-oriented operations andmaintenance at the Station since 1982.

Operations that have involved the use of hazardous materials and the disposalof hazardous wastes include vehicle maintenance and maintenance of aerospaceground equipment (AGE). The hazardous wastes disposed of through theseoperations include varying quantities of fuels, acids, paints, thinners, strippers,solvents, and oils.

The field surveys and interviews resulted in three sites being identified thatexhibit the potential for contaminant presence and migration.

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C. CONCLUSIONS

It has been concluded there are three sites where a potential for contaminantpresence exists. These are as follows:

Site No. 1 - FTA at City Fire Station (HAS - 84)

Site No. 2 - FTA at the Industrial Park (HAS - 84) I

Site No. 3 - FTA at End of Runway (HAS - 75)

D. RECOMMENDATIONS

Further work under the IRP is recommended for the three identified sites todetermine the presence or absence of contamination.

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I I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background

The 216th Engineering Installation Squadron (EIS) and the 234th CombatCommunications Squadron (CCSQ), Fayward Air National Guard Station[hereinafter referred to as the Station- is located at Hayward, Cahforuia. Th-216th EIS and the 234th CCSQ have been active at their present locationsince 1982. Both the past and current operations have involved the use ofpotentially hazardous materials and the disposal of wastes. Because of theuse of these materials and the disposal of resultant wastes, the National GuardBureau (NGB) has implemented the Installation Restoration Program (IRP).

The IRP is a comprehensive pragram designed to:

o Identify and fully evaluate suspected problems associated with pasthazardous waste disposa! and/or spill sites on Department of Defense(DoD) installations and

o Control hazards to human heaith, welfare, and the environment that may* have resulted from these past practices.

During June 1980, DoD issued a Defense Environmental Quality ProgramPolicy Memorandum (DEQPPM 80-6) requiring identification of past hazardouswaste disposal sites on DoD installations. The policy was issued in responseto the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) and inanticipation of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, andLiability Act of 1980 (CERCLA, Public Law (PL) 96-510), commonly known as"Superfund." In August 1981, the President delegated certain authorityspecified under CERCLA to the Secretary of Defense via an E. cutive Order(EO 12316). As a result of EO 12316, DoD revised the IRP by issuingDEQPPM 81-5 (December 11, 1981), which reissued and amplified all previousdirectives and memoranda.

Although the DoD IRP and the Environmental Protecticn Agency (EPA)Superfund programs were essentially the same, differences in the definition of

Sprogram activities and lines of authority resulted in some confusion betweenDoD and state/federal regulatory agencies. These difficulties were rectified viapassage of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA, PL-99-499) of 1986. On January 23, 1987, Presidential Executive Order EO 12580was issued. EO 12580 effectively revoked EO 12316 and implementcad thechanges promulgated by SARA.I

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iThe most important changes effected by SARA included the following:

o Section 120 of SARA provides that federal facilities, including those inDoD, are subject to all provis-ions of CERCLA/SARA concerning siteas essment, evaluation under the National Contingency Plan [40CFR300],listing on the National Priorities List, and removal/remedial actions.DoD must therefore comply with all the procedural and subotantiverequiremients (guidelines, rules, regulations, and criteria) promuAated bythe EPA under Superfund authority.

0 Section 211 of SARA also provides continuing statutory authority for DoD ito conduct its IRP as part of the Defense Environm ntal RestorationProgram (DERP). This was accomplished by adding Chapter 160,.,ctions 2701-2707 to Title 10 United States Code (10 USC 160).

0 SARA also stipula'ed that terminology used to describe or otherwiseidentify actions carried out under the IRP shall be substantially the isame as the terminology of the regulations and guidelines issued by theEPA under their Superfund authority.

As a result of SARA, the operational activities of the IRP are currently definedand described as foliows:

o Preliminary Assessment

The Preliminary Assessment (PA) process consists of personnel interviewsand a records search designed to identify and evaluate past disposaland/or spill sites that might pose r, potential and/or actual hazard topublic health, public welfare, or the environment. Previouslyundocumented information is obtained through the interviews. Therecords search focuses on obtaining useful information from aerial-hotographs; Station plans; facility inventory documents; lists of

hazardous materials used at the Station; Station subcontractor reports;Station correspondence; Material Safety Data Sheets; federal/state agencyscientific reports and statistics; federal administrative documents;federal/state records on endangered species, threatened species, andcritical habitats; documents from local government offices; and numerousstandard reference sources.

o Site Inspection/Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study

The Site Tnspectior. consists of field activities designed to confirm thepresence or absence of contamination at the potential sites identified inthe PA. An expanded Site Inspection has been designed by the AirNational Guard as a Site Investigation. The Site Investigation (SI) will Iinclude additional field tests and the installation of monitoring wells to

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Iprovide data from which site-specific decisions regarding remediationactions can be made. The activities undertaken during the SI fall intothree distinct categories: screening activities, confirmation anddelineation activities, and optional activities. Screening activities areconducted to gather preliminary data on each site. Confirmation anddelineation activities include specific media sampling and laboratoryanalysis to confirm either the presence or the absence of contamination,levels of contamination, and the potential for contaminant migration.Optional activities will be used if additional data is needed to reach adecision point for a site. The general approach for the design of the SIactivities is to sequence the field activities so that data are acquired andused as the field investigation progresses. This is done in order todetermine the absence or presence of contamination in a relatively shortperiod of time, optimize data collection and data quality, and to keepcosts to a minimum.

I The Remedial Investigation (RI) consists of field activities designed toquantify and identify the potential contaminant, the extent of thecontaminant plume, and the pathways of contaminant migration.

If applicable, a public health evaluation is performed to analyze thecollected data. Field tests, which may necessitate the installation ofmonitoring wells or the collection and analysis of water, soil, and/orsediment samples, are required. Careful documentation and qualitycontrol procedures in accordance with CERCLA/SARA guidelines ensurethe validity of data. Hydrogeologic studies are conducted to determinethe underlying strata, groundwater flow rates, and direction ofcontaminant migration. The findings from these studies result in the

Sselection of one or more of the following options:

1. No Further Action - Investigations do not indicate harmful levelsof contamination that pose a significant threat to human healthor the environment. The site does not warrant further IRP action,and a Decision Document will be prepared to close out the site.

I 2. Long-Term Monitoring - Evaluations do not detect sufficientcontamination to justify costly remedial actions. Long-term

fl monitoring may be recommended to detect the possibility of futureproblems.

3. Feasibility Study - Investigation confirms the presence ofcontamination that may pose a threat to human health and/or theenvironment, and some sort of remedial action is indicated. The

* Feasibility Study (FS) is therefore designed and developed toidentify and select the most appropriate remedial action. The FSmay include individual sites, groups of sites, or all sites on an

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installation. Remedial alternatives are chosen according to iengineering and cost feasibility, state/federal regulatoryrequircments, public health effects, and environmental impacts.The end result of the FS is the selection of the most appropriate iremedial action with concurrence by state and/or federal regulatoryagencies.

o Remedial Design/Remedial Action

The Remedial Design involves formulation and approval of theengineering designs required to implement the selected remedial action.The Remedial Action is the actual implementation of the remedialalternative. It refers to the accomplishment of measures to eliminate thehazard or, at a minimum, reduce it to an acceptable hiait. Covering alandfill with an impermeable cap, pumping and treating contaminatedgroundwater, installing a new water distribution system, and in situbiodegradation of contaminated soils are examples of remedial measuresthat might be selected. In some cases, after the remedial actions havebeen completed, a long-term monitoring system may be installed as aprecautionary measure to detect any contaminant migration or todocument the efficiency of remediation.

o Research and Development iResearch and Development (R&D) activities are not always applicable foran IRP site but may be necessary if there is a requirement for additionalresearch and development of control measures. R&D tasks may be"nitiated for sites that cannot be characterized or controlled through theapplication of currently available, proven technology. It can also, insome instances, be used for sites deemed suitable for evaluating newtechnologies.

o Immediate Action Alternatives

At any point, it may be determined that a former waste disposal siteposes an immediate threat to public health or the environment, thusnecessitating prompt removal of the contaminant. Immediate action,such as limiting access to the site, capping or removing contaminatedsoils, and/or providing an alternate water supply may suffice as effectivecontrol measures. Sites requiring immediate removal action maintainIRP status in order to determine the need for additional remedialplanning or long-term monitoring. Removal measures or otherappropriate remedial actions may be implemented during any phase ofan IRP project.

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I* B. Purpose

The purpose of this IRP PA is to identify and evaluate suspected problemsassociated with past waste handling procedures, disposal sites, and spill siteson Station property.

The potential for migration of hazardous contaminants was evaluated byvisiting the Station, reviewing existing environmental data, analyzing Stationrecords concerning the use of hazardous materials and the generation ofhazardous wastes, and conducting interviews with current Station personnelwho had knowledge of past waste disposal techniques and handling methods.Pertinent information collected and analyzed as vart of the PA included arecords search of the history of the Station; the local geological, hydrological,and meteorological conditions that might influence migration of contaminants;and ecological settings that indicate environmentally sensitive conditions.IC. Scope

The scope wab limited to the identification of sites at or under primary controlof the Station and evaluation of potential receptors. The PA included:

o an on-site visit and field surveys during the period April 23 throughMay 4, 1990;

o acquisition of records and information on hazardous materials use andwaste handling practices;

o acquisition of available geological, hydrological, meteorological, land useand zoning, critical habitat, and related data from federal and stateagencies;

o a review and analysis of all information obtained; and

o preparation of a summary report to include recommendations for furtheraction.

The subcontractor effort was conducted by the following Science & Technology,Inc. (SciTek) personnel- Mr. Ray S. Clark, Civil/Environmental Engineer; Mr.P. J. McMullen, Geologist/Hydrogeologist; and Mr. Jack D. Wheat, Geologist.Ms. Carol Ann Beda of the NGB is Project Officer for this Station andparticipated in the overall assessment during the Station visit. Mr. Bob Combsof the Hazardous Waste Remedial Actions Program (HAZWRAP) alsoparticipated in the Station visit.

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The point of contact (POC) at the Station was Captain Gideon (Detachment ICommander).

D. Methodology IThe PA began with a visit to the Station to identify all operations that mayhave utilized hazardous materials or may have generated hazardous wastes.Figure 1.1 is a flow chart of the PA methodology.

A total of 17 current and past Station employees familiar with the variousoperating procedures were interviewed. These interviews were conducted todetermine those areas where waste materials (hazardous or nonhazardous) wereused, spilled, stored, disposed of, or released into the environment. Theinterviewees' knowledge and experience with Station operations averaged 15years and ranged from 1 to 28 years. Records contained in the Station fileswere collected and reviewed to supplement the information obtained from theinterviews.

Detailed geological, hydrological, meteorological, and environmental data for the m

area were obtained from the appropriate federal and state agencies. A listingof federal and state agency contacts is included as Appendix A.

After a detailed analysis of all the information obtained, three potential siteswere identified to be potentially contaminated with hazardous wastes. Underthe IRP program, when sufficient information is available, sites are numericallyscored and assigned a Hazard Assessment Score (HAS) using the Air ForceHazard Assessment Rating Methodology (HARM). However, the absence of aHAS does not necessarily negate a recommendation for further IRP Iinvestigation, but rather, may indicate a lack of data. A description of HARMis presented in Appendix B.

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DECISION TREE

RECORDS SEARCH & INTERVIEWS

COMPLETE LIST OF LOCATIONS

AND POTENTIAL SITES

EAUATION OF PAST OPERATIONSAT LISTED SITES

IENVIRONMENTALERSN

F SPRERAINGB RTE

COSLDTSPCII

SIEDTFPL IRe FORC

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II. INSTALLATION DESCRIPTION

A. Location

The Station is located approximately 14 miles south-southeast of Oakland andis adjacent to the Hayward Municipal Airport (MAP) within Alameda County,California. The major route to the Station is Interstate 880.

The Station occupies approximately 44 acres just north of West WinstonAvenue and south of Hayward MAP. Figure II.1 illustrates the location andboundaries of the Station. On weekdays, the population at the Station isapproximately 80 including the Marines. Unit Training Assembly (UTA) occursone weekend per month. The Station population during this weekend isapproximately 635 including the Marines. The Station is completely fencedwith controlled access. The unimproved acreage is used to conduct trainingand for parking of equipment.

I B. Organization and History

The 234th CCSQ and the 216th EIS have been at the Station since 1982. AMarine Corps Reserve Training Unit has been present at the Station since1984. The Marines conduct radar operations, maintenance, and training at theStation. Waste oils, fuels, paints, thinners, and solvents are generated as aresult of the operations at the Station. Wastes are collected and disposed ofby a contractor. The 151st Air Force Band is also a tenant on the Station'sproperty; however, the band uses the facilities at the Station strictly forpractices. No hazardous materials are used or generated by the band.

Before 1946, the Station was occupied by the Army. Specific operations andwaste disposal practices performed by the Army are not known. The 194thFighter Interceptor Squadron was allotted to the Guard in 1946. Although theunit was equipped with North American F-51Ds and based at Hayward MAP,3 it was not organized for almost three years. It was federally recognized as the194th Fighter Squadron on March 21, 1949. When the 194th Fighter Squadronbegan its conversion to jet aircraft in the fall of 1954, the unit was relocatedto Fresno. Most of the 194th Fighter Squadron personnel did not transfer toFresno which is 160 miles from Hayward, but remained at Hayward where theAir National Guard activated a new unit.

I The newly organized unit was federally recognized on April 3, 1955, as the129th Air Resupply Squadron. In 1962, the Squadron became part of the129th Troop Carrier Group. The designation of the group and squadron waschanged to Air Commando in 1975 and then to Special Operations. Afteranother aircraft conversion, the Hayward units became the 129th Aerospace

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IRecovery & Rescue Squadron and the 129th Aerospace Recovery & RescueGroup. With the same designation and equipment, the 129th NorthernCalifornia unit moved across the bay during the spring of 1980 to becomebased at Naval Air Station Moffett Field.

Activities that generated hazardous wastes included aircraft maintenance,vehicle maintenance, AGE maintenance, and non-destructive inspection testing.Waste materials included fuels, oils, thinners, paints, and solvents. However,specific waste disposal practices are not fully known. Until 1984, the majorityof wastes was used for fire training exercises. Materials for fire trainingincluded oils, fuels, solvents, and paints. Wastes were sometimes disposed ofby contractors; however, paint and other flammable materials were burnedafter their shelf life had expired. This continued until the late 1970s. Then,fire training was done using only JP-4 fuel. The other liquid wastes weredisposed of by contractors.

The mission of the 234th and the 216th is to maintain an optimum capabilityto install, operate, and maintain mobile communication facilities providinginterbase and intrabase communications in support of tactical air forces andstate emergencies. This mission has basically remained the same through theyears.

The unit's mission necessitates the use of potentially hazardous materials thatrequire disposal. These hazardous materials include waste oils, fuels, solvents,paints, and thinners. Such materials are largely generated through vehiclemaintenance and AGE shop operations. Washrack activity and the routinemaintenance of vehicles, generators, and other equipment results in varyingquantities of hazardous materials.

I In recent years, hazardous wastes have typically been collected and disposedof either through a contractor or the Defense Reutilization and Marketing

I Office (DRMO). However, in the past, small amounts of hazardous materialshave been spilled or released into the environment at the Station.

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IIII. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

A. Meteorology

The following cimatological data is taken from Climatic Atlas of the UnitedStates (U.S. Department of Commerce, National Climatic Center, Asheville,N.C., 1979) and Climatography of the United States, No. 81 - California (U.S.Department of Commerce, National Climatic Center, Asheville, N.C., 1982).Data from Oakland (4-6335), San Jose (4-7821) and Newark (4-6144) show thatthe Station is heavily influenced by the westerly winds off the Pacific Ocean.Average annual temperature during the 29 years from 1951 to 1980 was58.6°F. The temperature ranged from a low of 49.0°F in January to a high of67.0°F in September.

Rainfall amounts vary significantly on the eastern shore of San Francisco Baywhere Hayward has an average annual precipitation of 18 inches. Meanannual lake evaporation is 42 inches. Net precipitation, which is the differencebetween mean annual lake evaporation and average annual precipitation, is-24 inches per year (47 FR 31224 July 16, 1982). Maximum rainfall intensity,based on a 1-year, 24-hour rainfall, is 2.4 inches (47 FR 31235 July 16, 1982,Figure No.8).

* B. Geology

The Station is located on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay within theCoastal Ranges province of California, and elevation averages 35 feet abovemean sea level with gentle slopes of less than 1 degree per mile towards thewest (Figure III.1).

San Francisco Bay is a result of local subsidence of river valleys during thePleistocene. Additionally, it should be noted that the major northern-mosteast-west cross valley fault of the Central Valley Province, the Stockton Fault,marks the confluence of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. The watersfrom this delta flow westward from Suisun Bay into the upper San FranciscoBay (San Pablo Bay) and represent a major fresh water source for the Bay3 (Figure 111.2).

According to Page, 1966, the Coastal Ranges province is a series of north-northwest trending mountain ranges and intermountain valleys bounded on thewest by the Pacific Ocean and on the east by the Central Valley (Great Valley).In the San Francisco area, the province is basically underlain by twodepositionally unrelated, incompatible rock sequences: the eugeosynclinalFranciscan Formation sediments of Jurassic - Cretaceous age and an earlyCretaceous and older sialic sequence. These two sequences appear side by side,

I I1l-1

II

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DREGON

QNC i

S N L

40h AI

STATION~ -

T",I

LEGEND

NC -North Coastal I 20 . -- tSF -San Francisco Bay CCC -Central Coastal SSC -South CoastalS -Sacrament,D - Delta ~entralISi - San Joauin ValleyT - TulareNL - North Lahontan SCALE 'XCSL - South Lahontan ________

CD -Colorado Desert 0 t00 200 MILES

0 100 200 300 KILOMETRES

SOURCE: USGS, Surmmar Appraisals of Nation's Ground Water Resources-California Region, Professional Paper 81 3-E, 1976.

Figure H11.1

Physiographic Map of CaliforniaI

111-2I

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If o:;0 ..... ..

/lz Xj 4' b~vtr

NZ

IAIi1i

E LEGEND

Dual Core Complex (Granitic- a?- ORnfff Tr

Metamorphic) Cenozoic Covering . A

Franciscan Core Complex

I Cenozoic Shelf and Slope DepositsOverlying Franciscan Core Complex -

(Eugeosynclinal)

Peripheral Rocks--Lakte MesozoicMarine Sedimentation

I SOURCE: USGS, Geology of Northern California, Bulletin 190, 1966.

Figure 111.2

General Tectonic

Map of Northern California

111-3

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Iseparated only by the major transcurrent fault zones like the San Andreas(Figure 111.2). iThe Franciscan Formation is a heterogeneous sequence of marine sedimentaryand volcanic rocks consisting predominately of massive bedded graywacke with Iinterbedded dark shale and chert along with metamorphic schists. Juxtaposedto these marine and volcanic rocks are granitic and metamorphic sequencesthat are rich in silica and alumina and are commonly referred to as sial.

Structurally, the Station is situated on a large pie-shaped wedge that includesthe Santa Clara Valley and is bounded on the west by the generally verticalplane of the San Andreas Fault zone and on the east by theCalaveras/Hayward zone (Brabb et al, 1966). These right lateral strike slipzones join approximately 40 miles south of the Station in the area east of SanJose (Figure 111.2).

A thick blanket of late Cretaceous and Cenozoic clastic sedimentary rocks icovers large portions of the province. In general, the Cenozoic deposits of latePliocene and Pleistocene age are mainly nonmarine, unconsolidated gravels,sands, and silts of local derivation but with some interbedded clays and marls. IIn the area of the Station, these Quaternary sediments are undeformed andinclude local tidal flat deposits (Figures 111.3, III.4). iThe soil beneath the Station has been assigned to the Danville - Botellaassociation and consists of nearly level to moderately sloping well-drainedloams and silty clay loams formed on low terraces and alluvial fans. The deep,well-drained soils of the Danville sequence consist of a grayish brown and darkgray, slightly acid silty clay loam surface layer that is approximately 21 inchesthick. The subsoil is grayish brown, slightly acid, silty clay and heavy siltyclay loam that extends to a depth of 61 inches. The substratum is a grayishbrown, neutral, silty clay loam and extends to a depth of 80 inches or more.Permeability is slow to very slow due to clay content in the subsoil (4.24 x10'cm/sec to 1.41 x 10'cm/sec)

The major portion of the Hayward MAP is underlain by the Clear Lake - Omnisoil sequence. This clay sequence is very deep, poorly drained soil formed inalluvium in basins. The surface layer is a very dark gray, neutral, andmoderately alkaline clay to a depth of 37 inches. The subsoil iscalcareous, dark gray to grayish-brown clay and silty clay to a depth of 60inches. Permeability and runoff are slow (less than 4.24 x 10'cm/sec) with thewater table varying from 48 to 60 inches below ground surface. Theinformation pertaining to soils contained in the text was derived from the SoilSurvey of Alameda County, California, Western Part (United States Departmentof Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, March 1981).

111-4 III

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11I fit.. fIt.- e tkte , sltdatol, meeerntely .orte.1, Wdeerately perineable. "ot of d- [-it li e.Ycsenqer a1Ill e. than 1 0 feet 5Mlard silit; crxis sand a-1 alsovc sto.. of sat..ratl "", so yields stral

wasI) to. - assi graveel t-nns 1 alvisl fnn tresd. quant Itic. 0of gree-sI.~ter tose'.so fee. rs in nirsc,L nnn

tlerral ly Iess trsroii 8s-teaely sor-tcd, Itderately p..rreesble. A thin surficitilF~lidpi. thtr, 15 feet fl a ssc il.As cIsy .y silt. depriet. Yield. -11l prstiti.. of

f~f) with orni- hnI bI,,tes of groinaaeter to wills.iblosc-I conrse mo. W 1 .51 ild.

Int--vial basin Cc-ersl y Itss U, 'na~oliiated. rl55l ic, woosstely ID., j..essst lifty. fieasnslly sstatl.

deysps th0n 10 f "t to ycorly sartel alIt ad clay. Yields sasl I qaatitl~s of grotssA~terICY) ridh In 0rqnoir esterisi. to wills.

oiarterrnsry IPseics free less Uawsmisofl Wated. lark plastic clay Li-. pseeseabilty. Viter satur tissIIn 1. foot to O'5 oill'y clsay r Ich, in orgsenc mstrsly wilth sait aste r. Yiel d: a I

Ilsy _.j s .ssh as 120 -st.,Wt. hon- lense, of s it ane quantity im,tse ., to s llis.U (Cs..)~~~~~~~~~~~ f eL brel0 the s no ilcsyy ~sh detadsutbcsssr

ennessn of 1009e, nllsrd.fine to -nsi-s Peneareble. f'ereabllty decreses sW.Ilt65f" grsirw 61e itcae.d h dp- sdpst ecwLnr__horit LSs., Ae.e of -'Vry ciny and clay, dated. Yields ssall *.antILIe of

Pleistocene

eusiecs of Layer. of roriy ceeolidsted to I'erteaeble. but s ter-yieldirq sility

Older all, is. ar-ut 1100 feet uncosolidated1 clay. sa "rid varies t hxtsiqtso.t ares. Yields large0ss) SIsi gravel. to .enall quantities of vater to wsllIs.

Mie ZiJosr qroundsster reoservoir In*1 - 0. at flay Plain Area.

lerlis, Pl _en lkc1iin~e v ~, c bttsl us lrs~ e~oia or hiql.ly lcs pseesaility. locally yields 7".11crtaesa. and mt5t' 05)fe tbacte arltoe shale, WOd quatities, of sinnr to sels Is fme

501 h ...... Older iTy.L0 dsetts volcanic rock, s~rerrw- atrs and the s*rl-nrLe sr s.- - Ii~~~~t.. . ye .est. 9q'rslate -ilts.

ISOURCE: Hlickenbononri, K and K. Muir, Geohydrololty and Groundwater-Q)uality Overview of the East Bay Plain Area, AlamedaCouty Citmii. Report 205J.

Figure 111.3

U Generalized Stratigraphic Column of the Area

I 111-5

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'UD Of

CONTCT-00fA~m~eIYloctedCORRELATION OF MAP UNITS

HAYWARD FAULT ZONE -A~o,0,0M*!*IY ocaled D

S%0-~ AREA :RAINAGE BOUNDARY -Hloen

A--LINE OF 6.EOLDGIC SECTIONS ""''OUATErNAPY

LEGEND II7PI'cen* a,,o 0I~e, -TEP A RY CP 7AC EOuS

AND A.JRASSIC

Study Area DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS I021 1 YOLNGER ALLUVIUM

L...,JFLUVIAL DEPOSITS

~ 'Oo,1INTERFLUVIA: BASIN DEPCS.-SI

S AY MUD

00.. DLOER ALLUVIUM

L~~jUNDIVIDED BEDROCK UNITS

SOURCE: THckenbottomn, V. and K Muir, Geohydrology and Groundwater-Quality Overview of the East Bay Plain Area. AlamedaICounty . Californig. Report 2051.

Figure 111.4I

Surficial Geologic Map of the Area3

111-6I

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I

I C. Hydrology

1. Surface Water

The Station is located in the Sulphur Creek/San Francisco Bay drainage basin.Through storm drains, the Station drainage flows northward to Sulphur Creeklocated along the northern boundary of the Hayward MAP and then flowswestward into San Francisco Bay. The Station has been classified as beingoutside the 100-year flood plain (Figures 111.5, 111.6).

2. Groundwater

Figure II.4 demonstrated that the unconsolidated Quaternary deposits thatcollectively form the groundwater reservoirs of the East Bay Plain area all liewest of the Hayward Fault (Hickenbottom and Muir, 1990). The undividedperipheral bedrock sequence of Late Mesozoic age lies east of the HaywardFault and forms the eastern boundary of the aquifer system. Figure 111.7 isa diagrammatic section that represents this relationship as well as depictingthe Quaternary Alluvium relationships. The Older Alluvium is considered tobe the principal groundwater reservoir in the East Bay Plain area.

Water level altitudes mapped in the Spring of 1987 indicate a range ofapproximately 20 feet above mean sea level to -20 below mean sea level (Figure111.8). This is be-ause some wells in the Older Alluvium have depths of lessthan 200 feet and others have depths greater than 200 feet. Groundwatermovement is westerly towards San Francisco Bay (Hickenbottom and Muir,1990).

I Although subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal has become a seriousproblem south of Hayward MAP in the Upper Santa Clara Valley, it has notaffected the Station because of more efficient water management practices onthe east-side of San Francisco Bay.

D. Critical Habit,;tstndangered or Threatened Species

According to records maintained by the California Department of Fish andGame, Natural Diversity Data Base (NDDB), no endangered or threatenedspecies of flora and fauna have been identified within a 1-mile radius of theStation.

However, minor wetlands are present approximately one mile from thepotential sites. Also, within a 1 1/2-mile radius of the Station, surfacedrainage empties into the marshes and mud flats on the eastern shore of SanFrancisco Bay via Sulphur Creek. The endangered or threatened specie in thisarea is:

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Doti Pass00= rUt TI

444 PJ~lICecil

14 IA FA 4

LEGENDprg2U

StatiOfl BoWd"' L

SOUR~ ayw a A GS Baseuren

Drainlage M~ap

of the Hayward Air National Guard Station

111-8

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Il oII10

I- Co,--se A___aI

(S _ _t_

II

jem

Scale~T~ 1" P-00'~I ~ a

I 111.91

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A A9

WEST EAST

400* 400 ISTATION

300 0 3000 Z >

INTERLUVIL L

20- YONE ALL72LIVn

CCo- - -EFLU VIAL DPS

OLE AEPOSITS 0

-o- 4100'

DIRETIO OF GROUNDWATER ;IIV EE

-~-800'

200'-' OLE LLVU00

11X 00 U4100' 0 402IL

So]S trting rapic eai ns a d G ou d ae

M f ovement cos th5a LrnoCoei0alfi

Goo.1 IIETO FGONWTR60

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I "N' NV - EV

BERK--~

.k ' ------

OA LA

H7

valeIo *'1t

4z. .. .

S20 etin dfeal Datm-ealevel .aliudi

0.(-20) a ."Line of equal water-level altitude, infeet. Spring 1987, for wells greaterthan 200 feet in depth. Datum is sea

level.

SCL OF ILEApproximate direction of ground- 1 02 3 4water movement._______________

I SOURCE: ickenbottom, K. and K. Muir. Geohydrology and Groundwater-Quality Overview of the Eaq: Bay Plain Area, AamedaCguitty , Ca~ori! Report 205J.

Figure 111.8

Composite Water Level Map

Showing Direction of Groundwater Movement

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IFauna

Reithrodontomys raviventris (SAFLL66) - Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse

Note: The NDDB is a computerized inventory of information on the locationand conditions of California's rare and threatened animals, plants andnatural communities. A seven-character code is assigned to each listing.The first two letters include Element Class:

SA = Special Animal iSP = Special PlantNC = Natural Communities

The remaining five characters give each specie or community a uniquecode for data management. 3

IIUUIIIII

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IIV. SITE EVALUATION

A. Activity Review

A review of Station records and interviews with personnel were used to identifyspecific operations in which the majority of hazardous materials and/orhazardous wastes are used, stored, disposed of, and processed. Table IV.1provides a history of waste generation and disposal for operations conducted* by shops at the Station. If an item is not listed on the table on a best-estimated basis, that activity or operation produces negligible (less than 1gallon/year) waste requiring disposal.

I Fresh product diesel fuel and MOGAS are stored in underground storage tanksat the Station. In addition, tank trucks and fuel trailers parked at the Stationare used to store fuels. The 216th EIS and the 234th CCSQ generatehazardous wastes primarily through vehicle and AGE maintenance operations.

I B. Disposal/Spill Site Information, Evaluation, and Hazard Assessment

Seventeen persons were interviewed to identify and locate potential sites thatmay have been contaminated by hazardous wastes as a result of past Stationoperations. Three potentially contaminated sites were identified through theinterviews. These site identifications were followed by visual field examinationsof the sites. Each of these sites was rated by application of the United StatesAir Force (USAF) HARM, and since the potential for contaminant migrationexists at these three potential sites, each is recommended for furtherinvestigation under the IRP program. Copies of completed HARM forms andan explanation of the factor rating criteria used for sites scoring are containedin Appendix C.

The potential exists for contaminant migration at each of the three rated sites.Contaminants that may have been released at these sites have the potentialto bc transported by groundwater and surface water. The seasonal high watertable is approximately 15 feet below the ground surface at the Station. If theshallow groundwater becomes contaminated by hazardous wastes, then, undercertain circumstances, the deeper aquifers may also be contaminated bygroundwater migration. Released contaminants that are exposed on the groundsurface have the potential to be transported by surface water migration into

* San Francisco Bay.

Locations for the three sites are provided on Figure IV.1. The following itemsare descriptions of the three potential sites identified at the Station:

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0 0 0 000

U 41

0 OD)

0 $4

Z E 4 0

0 o 0 0 0 0

H i i 4.)

o 02

0.0

OD 0 W

a).

0 > L 0 ) 0- 0 4.

4-' - 4 - 4.300 1 rMt :3 04 * 0if iof0

4.) M0 0 a0C4

-) 0)10 0 -4 4.0()0 to :

0 0f m:U m.4) 04 02 0 2A

IV t r-4M 0 0N 4

r-4 3 0 (D 4 r-4 64 b4.0 X f 0 4 N

H - 1 3 V: 0 ' 0201m N ; d 1 4) ( . a O 0 0 >1( y .4 D".

Go 0 4 4) > 4 r ; d 0 ) 4) % "4 V M ; -,4J M MC'0 H t.1 VN.4 o 0 4 c 0 0 0

4la >to w .4 t 0 avv 0-4 m.'a- CL 0-N 44 44 0 4 0 0 LA -2 O4 -toJ 00~L 0 -0- c Hc 0 -0 -0~

H V- r-4 Nq -4

02 0 0 0C 0 00

0~ a.~ C'- W W WW

0 0

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0 0 4J4

00 () 02 m4 ~ )02 '0O .0Hr-4 0 0 40 ~

0.C -

to00NI0to >2 HHHHDHU 0

000 000 00

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0

.)

44 5

0 V

0 0o

V U 0 0

0 to 0 0 0 0 $4

0 V-

FA 0

0

C14 0:

- 4&4-44

43

NI 0 4)

C: 0 - 40 4Co1 0 rf

o lt to t o

0 VV M- -45.U 0 44 -00

000 0 44 0 ~ Cc; 0

q' 0 0 : 0 04 0 4 -A) 0 0 j

C: 00 .tI.) A V 1

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m4- 4 * o 0 0 1

0 030d , Iia - 4 00W P40 -H w> 4 :j 'D0 :

04 0. 0. 0D 04 0D 0J 4) (D IV _ 0 U -0 (D m 0 .m ' 0 .-kD 0 4 ) 0 oD m >1 $'J w' *4) ; 4

DA 4)a0 r - : v00. r- v6C0

*4 44 0 4 0 0M - -

CL m~ a)0 0 0 0 C

m M 44 Vc J-034 0 "-'

*0 0

m~~ '.o )0u* V C:00C

z 3 -.4 0.- 0 0*0 d. . ) -- 1 03 ~ ~ 0

m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 4 M-0 U 0 0 , 0). 0 )

030u a *.- 0Z 4)0 0

~1 54 9 3 ) 0 4-4 0 .I40.-0 3

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7$IvI

V.I

Site No.

Scales it? I 00

SOURE: Hywad ANS Bae Pans,19"

Fiur T V IPoeta Si in the Viint

of , th Hawr AiIainlGur tto

~b~w .'o, _______

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I

Site No. 1- FTA at City Fire Station (HAS -84)

The original FTA was located at the City Fire Department's current locationjust west of the Station. The original site was approximately 100 feet indiameter and is now probably underneath asphalt or a building. This FTA wasused from the middle to the late 1950s for a total of about 4 to 5 years. Theoriginal FTA consisted of a concrete pad surrounded by an earth berm.According to interviewees, a water base was poured on the area prior topouring and igniting any fuel. Interviewees reported that this site was usedat least quarterly and that 500-1000 gallons of flammable materials were usedfor each training exercise. Materials used for fires included AVGAS, waste oils,solvents, and paint. This FTA was solely used and controlled by the Air

* National Guard during its operation.

Estimating that 750 gallons of flammable materials were used for each trainingsession and that these fire training exercises occurred at least four times ayear for 5 years, a total of 15,000 gallons of liquids was poured and ignited.If 70 percent of this fuel actually burned, the remaining 30 percent (4500gallons) may have contaminated the soil and groundwater at this site.Consequently, a HAS was calculated for this site.

Given the history of typical fire training areas, the frequency of use, and thematerials involved, this potential site is given a large quantity (greater than85 drums) rating and a high hazard rating according to HARM.

Site No. 2 - FTA at the Industrial Park (HAS - 84)

The FTA at the nearby industrial park just west of the Station was used fromthe early 1960s until the late 1970s. This FTA was solely used and controlledby the Air National Guard during its operation. It is thought to be presentlycovered by either a building or concrete/asphalt. This FTA was approximately100 feet in diameter and was constructed of an unlined pit that wassurrounded by an earth berm. Like the preceding FTA, a water base waspoured on the soil prior to igniting any flammable materials.

I Interviewees reported that this site was used for training purposes at leastonce per month and sometimes as often as five times per month. Eachtraining session involved the use of 500-1000 gallons of liquid wastes.Materials used included JP-4, AVGAS, waste oils, solvents, and paints. Inaddition, one training session reportedly involved the use of 1200-2400 gallons

* of napalm.

Knowing the frequency of use and the materials involved, this potential site isgiven a large quantity rating and a high hazzrd rating for calculating theHAS.

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ISite No. 3 - FTA at End of Runway (HAS - 75)

The FTA at the end of the runway was used in the late 1970s and the early1980s. This area was used by both the city and the Air National Guard.However, the Guard controlled the area and actually constructed the firetraining area. This FTA is an unlined, soil covered pit that is completelysurrounded by an earth berm. It is approximately 75 feet long and 60 feetwide and is divided into three equal areas that are separated by an earthberm. The site inspection revealed a burned aircraft that apparently had beenused for fire training exercises. This aircraft was present in the center pit.In addition, two burned automobile bodies were located within 150 feet of theFTA. Closer examination revealed no noticeable oil stains on the soils in thisFTA.

This FTA was used quarterly until the last six months of use, when it wasused once per month for fire training. Interviewees reported that only JP-4was used for burns at this site. Additionally, only 500 gallons of fuel were mused for each training exercise. Like the other FTAs, a water base was potlupon the ground before the fuel was poured and ignited.

Given the frequency of use and the materials involved, this potential site wouldbe given a moderate quantity rating and a high hazard rating for calculatingthe HAS.

C. Other Pertinent Facts

o Trash and non-hazardous solid wastes are disposed of by a contractor.

o The Station has three oil/water separators. Two of these are connectedto the storm sewer. The oil/water separator for the 234th EIS isconnected to the sanitary sewer.

o A monitoring well was installed along with a 5000-gallon fiberglass tankjust west of Building 3. This well is sampled monthly by the Stationand is visually inspected for the presence of petroleum products.

o A 5000-gallon unleaded gasoline tank was ruptured during an inventorycheck in 1986. This tank was immediately pumped dry and wasabandoned. It is believed that only a small amount of fuel, if any, couldhave been released. This abandoned tank is in the vicinity of themonitoring well.

o Three 25,000-gallon JP-4 tanks were abandoned in 1982 wnen the 129thTactical Fighter Group moved to Moffett Field. These tanks show noindication of leakage and are scheduled to be removed by the AirNational Guard.

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Io The potable water supply and sanitary sewer service for the Station is

provided by the city of Hayward. No water wells are present within theStation's boundaries.

0 There are no polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) transformers located at the* Station.

o The Station is not required to have a National Pollutant DischargeElimination System (NPDES) permit.

!I

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i IV-7

I

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I* V. CONCLUSIONS

Informatiun obtained through interviews with 17 present and past Stationpersonnel, reviews of Station records, and field observations resulted in theidentificati,,n of three potentially contaminated disposal and/or spill sites onStation property. The potential sites are as follows:

Site No. 1 - FTA at City Fire Station (HAS - 84)

I Sit- No. 2 - FTA at the Industriai Park (HAS - 84)

Site No. 3 - FTA at End of Runway (HAS - 75)

Each -)f these sites exhibi the Ctential for contaminant nMgration throughsurface water, soil, and/or grou dwater.

II

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I!IIII

V-1II

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I

VI. RECOMMENDATIONS

The PA identified three potentially contaminated sites. As a result, additionalinvestigation under the IRP is recommended for these sites to confirm thepresence or absence of contamination.

Iiiii

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IiIi v-

iI

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I

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I Brabb, E. E., et al. Field Trip San Andreas Fault from San Francisco to Hollister.California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 190, p. 453-464, 1966.

Christensen, M. Quaternary of the California Coast Ranges. Geology of NorthernCalifornia, California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 190, p. 305-314, 1966.

I Clark, W. D. Ground Water in the Santa Clara Valley, California. United StatesGeological Survey Water-Supply Paper 519, 1924.

I Green, J. H. Compaction of the Aquifer System and Land Subsidence in theSanta Clara Valley, California. United States Geological Survey ProfessionalPaper 450-D, 1962.

Hickenbottom, K and K. Muir. Geohydrology and Groundwater-Quality Overview,of the East Bay Plain Area, Alameda County, California. Alameda CountyFlood Control and Water Conservation District, Report 205(j), June 1988,Revised January 1990.

I Hill, M. L. and T. W. Dibblee, Jr. San Andreas, Garlock, and Big Pine Faults,California - A Study of the Character, History, and Tectonic Significance ofTheir Displacements. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 64, No. 4,

I p. 443-458, 1953.

Loop, L. E. An Appraisal of Surface-Water Quality in the Alameda Creek Basin,California, October 1974-June 1979. United States Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 81-46.

Matthai, H. F., et al. Water Resources of the San Francisco Bay Area, California.United States Geological Survey Circular 378, 1957.

I Page, B. M. Geology of the Coast Ranges of California. California Division ofMines and Geology Bulletin 190, p. 255-276, 1966.

Poland, J. F. Land Subsidence in the Santa Clara Valley, Alameda, San Mateo,and Santa Clara Counties, California. United States Geological SurveyMiscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-336.

ITaliaferro, N. L. Geologic History and Structure of the Central Coast Ranges ofCalifornia. California Division Mines Bulletin 118, p. 119-163, 1943.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY (continued)

United States Department of Agriculture. Soil Survey Alameda Area LCalifornia.Scrcs 1961, N-. 41, 1966.

United States Department of Agriculture. Soil Survey of Alameda County,California, Western Part. 1981.

United States Department of Commerce. Climatic Atlas of the United States.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Dataand Information Services, National Climatic Center, 1979.

United States Department of Commerce. Climatography of the United States, INo. 81- California; Monthly Normals of Temperature, Precipitation, andHeating and Cooling Degree Days 1951-1980. National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Environmental Data and Information Services,National Climatic Center, 1982.

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I GLOSSARY OF TERMS

ALLUVIAL - Pertaining to or composed of alluvium or deposited by a streamor running water.

ALLUVIAL FAN - An outspread, gently sloping mass of alluvium deposited bya stream, especially in an arid or semiarid region where a stream issues froma narrow canyon orto a plain or valley floor.

I ANNUAL PRECIPITATION - The total amount of rainfall and snowfall forthe year.

IAQUIFER - A water-bearing layer of rock that will yield water in a usablequantity to a well or spring.

I AQUITARD - A confining bed that retards but does not prevent the flow ofwater to or from an adjacent aquifer.

I ARGILLACEOUS - Like or containing clay.

ARKOSE - A feldspar rich sandstone, typically coarse-grained and pink orreddish, that is composed of angular to subangular grains that may be eitherpoorly or moderately well-sorted, is usually derived from the rapiddisintegration of granite or granitic rocks, and often closely resembles granite.

BASIN - (a) A depressed area with no surface outlet; (b) A drainage basin orriver basin; (c) A low area in the Earth's crust, of tectonic origin, in whichsediments have accumulated.

BAY - A wide, curving open indentation, recess, or inlet of a sea or lake intothe land or between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove, and usuallysmaller than, but of the same general character as a gulf.

BED [stratig] - The smallest formal unit in the hierarchy of lithostratigraphicunits. In a stratified sequence of rocks it is distinguishable from layers aboveand below. A bed commonly ranges in thickness from a centimeter to a few

* meters.

BEDDING [stratig] - The arrangement of sedimentary rock in beds or layersof varying thickness and character.

BEDROCK - A general term for the consolidated (solid) rock that underlies soil3 or other unconsolidated superficial material. See HORIZON [soil] - R layer.

BERM - A ledge or space between the ditch and parapet in a fortification.

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CLASTIC - Rock or sediments composed principally of fragments derived from Ipre-existing rocks or minerals and transported some distance from their placeor origin source.

CLAY [soil] - A rock or mineral particle in the soil having a diameter less than0.002 mm (2 microns).

CLAY [geol] - A rock or mineral fragment or a detrital particle of anycomposition smaller than a fine silt grain, having a diameter less than 1/256mm (4 microns). 3COARSE-TEXTURED (light textured) SOIL - Sand or loamy sand.

CONE OF DEPRESSION - The depression of heads around a pumping wellcaused by the withdrawal of water.

CONGLOMERATE - A coarse-grained sedimentary rock, composed of roundedpebbles, cobbles, and boulders, set in a fine-grained matrix of sand or silt, andcommonly cemented by calcium carbonate, iron oxide, silica, or hardened clay. ICONSOLIDATION - Any process whereby loosely aggregated, soft, or liquidearth materials become firm and coherent rock; specif. the solidification of a 3magma to form an igneous rock, or the lithification of loose sediments to forma sedimentary rock.

CONTAMINANT - As defined by Section 101(f)(33) of Superfund Amendmentsand Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) shall include, but not be limited toany element, substance, compound, or mixture, including disease-causingagents, which after release into the environment and upon exposure, ingestion,inhalation, or assimilation into any organism, either directly from theenvironment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, will or mayreasonably be anticipated to cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities,cancer, genetic mutation, physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions inreproduction), or physical deformation in such organisms or their offspring;except that the term "contaminant" shall not include petroleum, includingcrude oil or any fraction thereof which is not otherwise specifically listed ordesignated as a hazardous substance under: 3

(a) any substance designated pursuant to Section 311(b)(2)(A) of theFederal Water Pollution Control Act, n

(b) any element, compound, mixture, solution, or substancedesignated pursuant to Section 102 of this Act,

(c) any hazardous waste having the characteristics identified underor listed pursuant to Section 3001 of the Solid Waste DisposalAct (but not including any waste the regulation of which under I

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Ithe Solid Waste Disposal Act has been suspended by Act ofCongress),

(d) any toxic pollutant listed under Section 307(a) of the FederalWater Pollution Control Act,

(e) any hazardous air pollutant listed under Section 112 of theClean Air Act, and

(f) any imminently hazardous chemical substance or mixture withrespect to which the administrator has taken action pursuantIto Section 7 of the Toxic Substance Control Act;

and shall not include natural gas, liquefied natural gas, or synthetic gas ofjpipeline quality (or mixtures of natural gas and such synthetic gas).

CONTEMPORANEOUS FAULT - See GROWTH FAULT.

ICREEK - A term generally applied to any natural stream of water, normallylarger than a brook but smaller than a river.

I CRITICAL HABITAT - The specific areas within the geographical area occupiedby the species on which are found those physical or biological features (I)essential to the conservation of the species and (II) which may require specialmanagement consideration or proter-ion.

DEPOSITS - Earth material of any type, either consolidated or unconsolidated,Ithat has accumulated by some natural process or agent.

DIABASE - An intrusive rock whose main components are labradorite andI pyroxene and which is characterized by ophitic texture.

DIORITE - A group of igneous rocks composed of dark-colored amphibole (esp.Ihornblende) oligoclase, andesine, pyroxene, and small amounts of quartz; theintrusive equivalent of andesite.

DRAINAGE CLASS (natural) - Refers to the frequency and duration of periodsof saturation or partial saturation during soil formation, as opposed to altereddrainage, which is commonly the result of artificial drainage or irrigation butmay be caused by the sudden deepening of channels or the blocking of drainageoutlets. Seven classes of natural soil drainage are recognized:

Excessively drained - Water is removed from the soil very rapidly. Excessivelydrained soils are commonly very coarse textured, rocky, or shallow. Some aresteep. All are free of the mottling related to wetness.

ISomewhat excessively drained - Water is removed from the soil rapidly. Manysomewhat excessively drained soils are sandy and rapidly pervious. Some are

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shallow. Some are so steep that much of the water they receive is lost asrunoff. All are free of the mottling related to wetness.

Well-drained - Water is removed from the soil readily, but not rapidly. It isavailable to plants throughout most of the growing season, and wetness doesnot inhibit growth of roots for significant periods during most growing seasons.Well-drained soils are commonly medium textured and mainly free of mottling.

Moderately well drained - Water is removed from the soil somewhat slowlyduring some periods. Moderately well drained soils are wet for only a short Itime during the growing season, but periodically for long enough that mostmesophytic crops are affected. They commonly have a slowly pervious layerwithin or directly below the solum, or periodically receive high rainfall, or both.

Somewhat poorly drained - Water is removed slowly enough that the soil is wetfor significant periods during the growing season. Wetness markedly restrictsthe growth of mesophytic crops unless artificial drainage is provided.Somewhat poorly drained soils commonly have a slowly pervious layer, a highwater table, additional water from seepage, nearly continuous rainfall, or acombination of these.

Poorly drained - Water is removed so slowly that the soil is saturatediperiodically during the growing season or remains wet for long periods. Freewater is commonly at or near the surface for long enough periods during thegrowing season that most mesophytic crops cannot be grown unless the soil is Iartificially drained. The soil is not continuously saturated in layers directlybelow plow depth. Poor drainage results from a high water table, a slowlypervious layer within the profile, seepage, nearly continuous rainfall, or ancombination of these.

Very poorly drained - Water is removed from the soil so slowly that free water 3remains at or on the surface during most of the growing season. Unless thesoil is artificially drained, most mesophytic crops cannot be grown. Very poorlydrained soils are commonly level or depressed and are frequently ponded. Yet,where rainfall is high and nearly continuous, they can have moderate or highslope gradients, as for example in "hillpeats" and "climatic moors."

DRAINAGEWAY - A channel or course along which water drains or moves. i

DRAWDOWN - The reduction in head at a point caused by the withdrawal ofwater from an aquifer. IEMBAYMENT - A downwarped region of stratified rocks that extends into aregion of other rocks.

ENDANGERED SPECIES - Any species which is in danger of extinctionthroughout all or a significant portion of its range, other than a species of the

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H Class Insecta determined by the secretary to constitute a pest whose protectionwould present an overwhelming and overriding risk to man.

EROSION - The general process or the group of processes whereby thematerials of the Earth's crust are loosened, dissolved, or worn away, andsimultaneously moved from one place to another by natural agencies, butusually exclude mass wasting.

EUGEOSYNCLINAL - Like a geosyncline in which volcanism is associated withclastic sedimentation.

EUSALINE - Sodium chloride concentrations of 30 to 35 parts per thousand.Same as normal sea water.

FAULT - A fracture or fracture zone along which there has been displacementof the sides relative to one another parallel to the fracture.

FELDSPAR - Any of several crystalline minerals made up of Aluminumsilicates with sodium, potassium, or calcium; most widespread of any mineralgroup and constitute 60% of the earth's crust; occur in all types of rock.

FELDSPATHIC - Like or as feldspar.

FINE-GRAINED - Said of a soil in which silt and/or clay predominate.

FINE-TEXTURED (heavy textured) SOIL - Sandy clay, silty clay, and clay.

SFLOOD PLAIN - The surface or strip of relatively smooth land adjacent to ariver channel, constructed by the present river in its existing regimen andcovered with water when the river overflows its banks.

FOLD [geol struc] - A curve or bend of a planar structure such as rock strata,bedding planes, foliation or cleavage.

I FORMATION - A lithologically distinctive, mappable body of rock.

FRACTURE [struc geol] - A general term for any break in a rock, whether ornot it causes displacement, due to mechanical failure by stress. Fractureincludes cracLs, joints, and faults.

I GABBRO - A group of dark-colored, basic intrusive igneous rocks composedprincipally of basic plagioclase and clinopyroxene, with or without olivine andothoxypyrene; approximate intrusive equivalent of basalt.

GEOLOGIC TIME - See Figure GI.1.

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The Geologic Time Scale(Numbers are in millions

of years before the present)

Eon Era Period Epoch

Recent or

Quaternary Holocene

Pleistocene 3Pliocene

Neogene 5N Miocene0 2C 2

E Oligocene

Paleogene Eocene

Paleocene

Cretaceous144-

o "N Jurassic208-

7 Triassic-245-

C. Perman

286-

Pennsylvanian I- 320-

Mississippian

360-Devonian~408-S(L unan 438

Ordovician505-

Cambrian-I- - 570 1Proterozoic Eon Frecamnbian 3

C ComnrsesAbout

E 87%of the

2500 Geologicime Scale

Arcfiean Eon

No Record 3 Ongin of Earth

Figure G1.1 IThe Geologic Time Scale

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I GNEISS - A coarse-grained, foliated rock produced by regional metamorphism;commonly feldspar- and quartz-rich.

I GRANITE - Broadly applied, any crystalline, quartz-bearing plutonic rock; alsocommonly contains feldspar, mica, hornblende, or pyroxene.

I GRANODIORITE - A group of coarse-grained plutonic rocks intermediate incomposition between quartz diorite and quartz monzonite, containing quartz,plagioclase, and potassium feldspar with biotite, hornblende, or more rarely,pyroxene, as the mafic contents.

GRAVEL - An unconsolidated, natural accumulation of rounded rock fragmentsresulting from erosion, consisting predominantly of particles larger than sand,such as boulders, cobbles, pebbles, granules or any combination of thesefragments.

GRAYWACKE - A non-porous, dark-colored sandstone containing angular grainsand fragments of other rocks; a fine-grained conglomerat-- resemblingsandstone.

GROUNDWATER - Water in the saturated zone that is under a pressure equalto or greater than atmospheric pressure.

GROWTH FAULT - A fault in sedimentary rock that forms contemporaneouslyand continuously with deposition, so that the displacement (throw) increaseswith depth and the strata of the downthrown side are thicker than thecorrelative strata of the upthrown side.

I HARM - Hazard Assessment Rating Methodology - A system adopted and usedby the United States Air Force to develop and maintain a priority listing ofpotentially contaminated sites on installations and facilities for remedial actionbased on potential hazard to public health, welfare, and environmental impacts.(Reference: DEQPPM 81-5, December 11, 1981.)

I HAS - Hazard Assessment Score - The score developed by using the HazardAssessment Rating Methodology (HARM).

I HAZARDOUS MATERIAL - Any substance or mixture of substances havingproperties capable of producing adverse effects on the health and safety of thehuman being. Specific regulatory definitions also found in OSHA and DOTrules.

HAZARDOUS WASTE - A solid or liquid waste that, because of its quantity,concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may:

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a. cause, or significantly contribute to, an increase in mortality oran increase in serious or incapacitating reversible illness, or

b. pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human healthor the environment when improperly treated, stored,transported, disposed of, or otherwise managed. 3

HEAD - See TOTAL HEAD.

HERBICIDE - A weed killer. IHIGHLAND - A general term for a relatively large area of elevated ormountainous land standing prominently above adjacent low areas; andmountainous region.

HILL - A natural elevation of the land surface, rising rather prominently above Uthe surrounding land, usually of limited extent and having a well-definedoutline (rounded) and generally considered to be less than 1000 feet from baseto summit.

HORIZON [soil] - A layer of soil, approximately parallel to the surface, havingdistinct characteristics produced by soil-forming processes. The major horizons Iof mineral soil are as follows:

0 horizon - An organic layer, fresh and decaying plant residue, at the surface 3of a mineral soil.

A horizon - The mineral horizon, formed or forming at or near the surface, inwhich an accumulation of humified organic matter is mixed with the mineralmaterial. Also, a plowed surface horizon most of which was originally part ofa B horizon.

A2 horizon - A mineral horizon, mainly a residual concentration of sand andsilt high i . content of resistant minerals as a result of the loss of silicate clay,iron, aluminum, or a combination of these.

B horizon - The mineral horizon below an A horizon. The B horizon is inpart a layer of change from the overlying distinctive characteristics caused (1)by accumulation of clay, sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these; (2)by prismatic of blocky structure; (3) by redder or browner colors than those inthe A horizon; or (4) by a combination of these. The combined A and Bhorizons are generally called the solum, or true soil. If a soil lacks a Bhorizon, the A horizon alone is the solum.

C horizon - The mineral horizon or layer, excluding indurated bedrock, thatis little affected by soil-forming processes and does not have the properties

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typical of the A or B horizon. The material of a C horizon may be either likeor unlike that from which the solum is presumed to have formed. If thematerial is known to differ from that in the solum the Roman numeral IIprecedes the letter C.

R layer - Consolidated rock beneath the soil. The rock commonly underlies aC horizon, but can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

HORST - An elongate, relatively uplifted crustal unit or block that is boundedby faults on its long side.

IGNEOUS ROCKS - Rock or mineral that has solidified from molten orpartially molten material, i.e. from magma.

INTERBEDDED - Beds lying between or alternating with others of differentcharacter; especially rock material laid down in sequence between other beds.

LOAM - A rich, permeable soil composed of a friable mixture of relatively equalproportions of sand, silt, and clay particles, and usually containing organicmatter.

I LOWLAND - A general term for low-lying land or an extensive region of lowland, esp. near the coast and including the extended plains or country lying

* not far above tide level.

MEANDERBELT - The zone along a valley floor across which a meanderingstream shifts its channel from time to time.

MEAN LAKE EVAPORATION - The total evaporation amount for a particulararea; amount based on precipitation and climate (humidity).

MEAN SEA LEVEL - The average height of the surface of the sea for all* stages of the tide over a 19-year period.

MESA - A table-land; a flat-topped mountain or plateau bounded on at leastone side by a steep cliff.

METAMORPHIC ROCK - Any rock derived from pre-existing rocks bymineralogical, chemical, and/or structural changes, essentially in solid state, inresponse to marked changes in temperature, pressure, shearing stress, andchemical environment, generally at depth in the Earth's crust.

MIGRATION (Contaminant) - The movement of contaminants through pathways(groundwater, surface water, soil, and air).

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MINERAL - A naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having anorderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition crystal formand physical properties.

MONTMORILLONITE - A clay mineral of the smectite grorp comprisingexpanding-lattice clay minerals when wetted.

MONZONITE - Plutonic rock intermediate in composition between syenite anddiorite, containing approximately equal amounts of alkali feldspar and

plagioclase.

MOTTLED [soil] - a soil that is irregularly marked with spots or patches ofdifferent colors, usually indicating poor aeration or seasonal wetness.

NET PRECIPITATION - Precipitation minus evaporation.

ORTHOCLASE - See FELDSPAR.

OUTCROP - That part of a geologic formation or structure that appears at the isurface of the Earth; also, bedrock that is covered only by surficial depositssuch as alluvium.

OVERTURNED - Said of a fold or the limb of a fold, that has tilted beyondthe perpendicular. Sequence of strata thus appears revprsed.

PD-680 - A cleaning solvent composed predominately of mineral spirits;Stoddard solvent.

PEAT - An unconsolidated deposit of semicarbonized plant remains in awater-saturated environment and of persistently high moisture t. ntent (at least75%). IPERMEABILITY - The capacity of a porous rock, sediment, or soil fortransmitting a fluid without impairment of the structure of the medium; it isa measure of the relative ease of fluid flow under unequal pressure - see SOILPERMEABILITY.

POND - A natural body of standing fresh water occupying a small surface idepression, usually smaller than a lake and larger then a pool.

POROSITY - The voids or openings in a rock. Porosity may be expressedquantitatively as the ratio of the volume of openingp in a rock to the totalvolume of the rock.

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I POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE - A surface that represents the total head inan aquifer; that is, it represents the height above a datum plane at which thewater level stands in tightly cased wells that penetrate the aquifer.

QUARTZ - A crystalline silica, an important rock forming mineral: SiO2.Occurs either in transparent hexagonal crystals (colorless or colored byimpurities) or in crystalline or crystalline masses. Forms the major proportionof most sands and has a widespread distribution in igneous, mt~amorphic andsedi.nentary rocks.

QUARTZITE Lmeta] - A granoblastic metamorphic rock consisting mainly ofquartz and formed by recrystallization of sandstone or chert by either regionalor thermal metamorphism.

RIVER - A general term for a natural freshwater surface stream ofconsiderable volume and a permanent or seasonal flow, moving in a definitechannel toward a sea, lake, or another river.

SALIINE [adj] - Salty; rnntaining dissoived sodium chloride.

SAND - A rock or mineral particle in the soil, having a diameter in the range0.52 - 2 mm.

SANDSTONE - A medium-grained fragmented sedimentary rock composed ofabundant round or angular fragments of sand, size set in a fine-grained matrix(silt or clay) and more or less firmly united by a cementing material (commonlysilica, iron oxide, or calcium carbonate).

I SANDY LOAM - A soil containing 43 - 85% sand, 0 - 50% silt, and 0 - 20%clay, or containing at least 52% sand and no more than 20% clay and havingthe percentage of silt plus twice the percentage of clay exceeding 30% orcontaining 43 - 52% sand, less than 50% silt, and less than 7% clay.

SATURATED ZONE - The subsurface zone in which all openins are full ofwater.

SCHIST - A medium- or coarse-grained, strongly foliated, crystalline rock;formed by dynamic metamorphism.

. EDIMENT - Solid fragmental mateiial that originates from weathering ofrocks and is transported or deposited by air, water, or ice, or that accumulatesby other natural agents, such as chemical precipitation from solution orsecretion by organisms, and that forms in layers on the Earth's surface atordinary temperatures in a loose, unconsolidated form; (b) strictly solid materialthat has settled down from a stat e of suspension in a liquid.

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SEDIMENTARY ROCK - A rock resulting in the consolidation of loose sediment Ithat has accumulated in layers; e.g., a clastic rock (such as conglomerate ortillite) consisting of mechanically formed fragments of older rock transportedfrom its source and deposited in water or from air or ice; or a chemical rock I(s-xch as rock salt or gypsum) formed by precipitation from solution; or anorganic rock (such as certain limestones) consisting of the remains or secretionsof plants and animals.

SHALE - A fine-grained detrital sedimentary rock, formed by the consolidation(especially by compression) of clay, silt, or mud.

SIALIC - Like the light, granitic rock material near the surface of the earth'scrust, underlying the continents.

SILT [soil] -(a) A rock or mineral particle in the soil, having a diameter in therange 0.002-0.005 rm; (b) A soil containing more than 80% silt-size particles, Iless than 12% clay, and less than 20% sand.

SILT LOAM - A soil containing 50 - 88% silt, 0 - 27% clay and 0 - 50% sand.

SOIL - The layer of material at the land surface that supports plant growth.

SOIL PERMEABILITY - The characteristic of the soil that enables water to •move downward through the profile. Permeability is measured as the distanceper unit time that water moves downward through the saturated soil.

Terms describing permeability are:

Very Slow - less than 0.06 inches per hour (less than 4.24 x 10' Icm/sec)

Slow - 0.06 to 0.20 inches per hour (4.24 x 10' to 1.41 x I10" cm/sec)

Moderately Slow - 0.20 to 0.63 inches per hour (1.41 x 10' to 4.45 x I10' cm/sec)

Moderate - 0.63 to 2.00 inches per hour (4.45 x 10' to 1.41 x m

10' cm/sec)

Moderately Rapid - 2.00 to 6.00 inches per hour (1.41 x 10' to 4.24 x 310' cnvsec)

Rapid 6.00 to 20.00 inches per hour (4.24 x 10' to 1.41x 102 cm/sec)

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1 Very Rapid more than 20.00 inches per hour (more than 1.41x 10' cm/sec)

I (Reference: United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation

Service)ISOIL REACTION - The degree of acidity or alkalinity of a soil, expressed inpH values. A soil that tests at pH 7.0 is described as precisely neutral inreaction because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The degree of acidity oralkalinity is expressed as:

Extremely acid Below 4.5Very strongly acid 4.5 to 5.0Strongly acid 5.1 to 5.5Medium acid 5.6 to 6.0Slightly acid 6.1 to 6.5Neutral 6.6 to 7.3Mildly alkaline 7.4 to 7.8Moderately alkaline 7.9 to 8.4Strongly alkaline 8.5 to 9.0Very strongly alkaline 9.1 and higher

U SOIL STRUCTURE - See STRUCTURE [soil].

SOLUM - The upper part of a soil profile, above the C horizon, in which theprocesses of soil formation are active. The solum in mature soil consists of theA and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of the material in thesehorizons are unlike those of the underlying material. The living roots andother plant and animal life characteristics of the soil are largely confined tothe solum. See HORIZON [soil].

I SOLVENT - A substance, generally a liquid, capable of dissolving othersubstances.

I STRAND PLAIN - A prograded shore built seaward by waves and currents,and continuous for some distance along the coast.

I STRATIFIED - Formed, arranged, or laid down in layers or strata; especiallysaid of any layered sedimentary rock or deposit.

I STRIKE - SLIP FAULT - A fault on which the movement is parallel to thefault's strike. See TRANSCURRENT FAULT.

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STRUCTURE [soil] - The arrangement of primary soil particles into compound iparticles or aggregates that are separated from adjoining aggregates. Theprincipal forms of soil structure are - platy (laminated), prismatic (vertical axisof aggregates longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with rounded tops),blocky (angular or subangular), and granular. Structureless soils are eithersingle grained (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or massive (the particlesadhering without any regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

SUBSIDENCE - Sinking or downward settling of the earth's surface, notrestricted in rate, magnitude, or area involved.

SUBSOIL - Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of the solum belowplow depth.

SUBSOILING - Tilling a soil below normal plow depth, ordinarily to shattera hardpan or claypan.

SUBSTRATUM - The part of the soil below the solum.

SURFACE WATER - All water exposed at the ground surface, includingstreams, rivers, ponds, and lakes.

SYENITE - Plutonic rock containing orthoclase and microcline with smallamounts of plagioclase feldspar.

SYNCLINORTUM - A composite synclinal structure of regional extent composedof lesser folds.

TERRACE [geomorph] - Any long, narrow, relatively level or gently inclined isurface, generally less broad than a plain, bounded along one edge by a steeperdescending slope and along the other by a steeper ascending slope. 3TERRACE [soil] - A horizontal or gently sloping ridge or embankment of earthbuilt along the contours of a hillside for the purpose of conserving moisture,reducing erosion, or controlling runoff.

TERRIGENOUS DEPOSITS - Shallow marine sediment consisting of materialeroded from the land surface.

THREATENED SPECIES - Any species which is likely to become anendangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or significantportion of its range.

TIME [geol] - See Figure GI.1. i

IGl1-14 I

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TOPOGRAPHY - The general conformation of a land surface, including itsrelief and the position of its natural and man-made features.

TOTAL HEAD - The height above a datum plane of a column of water. In agroundwater system, it is composed of elevation head, pressure head, andvelocity head.

TRANSCURRENT FAULT - A large scale strike - slip fault in which the faultsurface is steeply inclined.

UNCONSOLIDATED - (a) Sediment that is loosely arranged or unstratified, orwhose particles are not cemented together, occurring either at the surface orat depth. (b) Soil material that is in a loosely aggregated form.

UNDULATING [geomorph] - (a) A landform having a wavy outline or form.(b) A rippling or scalloped land surface, having a wavy outline or appearance.

VALLEY - Any low-lying land bordered by higher ground, especially anelongate, relatively large, gently sloping depression of the earth's surface,commonly situated between two mountains or between ranges of hills andmountains, and often containing a stream or river with an outlet. It is usuallydeveloped by stream or river erosion, but can be formed by faulting.

WATER TABLE - The level in the saturated zone at which the pressure isequal to the atmospheric pressure.

WETLANDS - Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface orgroundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that undernormal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted

for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps,I marshes, bogs, and similar areas.

WILDERNESS AREA - An area unaffected by anthropogenic activities anddeemed worthy of special attention to maintain its natural condition.

GI-15

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IIIII

U Appendix AII Outside Agency Contact List

IIIIUIIIUII

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IOUTSIDE AGENCY CONTACT LIST

1) Alameda County Planning Commission399 Elmhurst StreetHayward, CA 94544Sandy Rivera(415) 670-5400

2) City of HaywardBuilding Department22300 Foot Hill BoulevardHayward, CA 94541

3) City of HaywardBuilding Inspection Division22300 Foot Hill BoulevardHayward, CA 94541David Bellrose(415) 581-2345Rich Rohr(415) 784-8675

4) City of Hayward Water Department22300 East Foot Hill RoadHayward, CA 94541Jan Sparks(415) 784-8650

5) C'v~nty of AlamedaPublic Works Agency399 Elmlhurst StreetHayward, CA 94544-1395Jim Scanlin

6) Department of Water ResourcesCentral District3251 South StreetSacramento, CA 95816-70117Howard L. Mann, ChiefSurface and Ground Water Data Section

7) Soil Conservation Service1560 Catalina StreetLivermore, CA 94550Lois Tillman3 (415) 447-0749

A-1

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i

OUTSIDE AGENCY CONTACT LIST (continued)

8) State of CaliforniaDepartment of Fish and GameP.O Box 944290Sacramento, CA 94244-2090(916) 324-3812

9) State of CaliforniaResources Agency IDepartment of ConservationCalifornia Division of Mines and GeologyP.O. Box 2980Sacramento, CA 95812Karen Fleming(916) 324-3812

10) State of CaliforniaResources Agency iDepartment of Water ResourcesP.O. Box 942836Sacramento, CA 94236-0001

11) Timely Discount Topos Inc.9769 West 119th Drive, Suite 9 IBroomfield, Colorado 80020

(303) 469-5022

12) United States Department of AgricultureAlameda County Resource Conservation District1560 Catalina CourtLivermore, CA 94550(415) 447-0749

13) United States Department of Agriculture iSoil Conservation ServiceAlameda County, CA(707) 575-1748

14) United States Department of AgricultureSoil Conservation Service805 West Avenue JLancaster, CA 93534Richard Campbell(805) 945-2604

IA-2i

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OUTSIDE AGENCY CONTACT LIST (continued)

15) United States Department of CommerceNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationEnvironmental Data and Information ServiceNational Climatic CenterAsheville, NC 28801(704) 259-0871

16) United States Geological SurveyBooks and Open File Reports SectionP.O. Box 25425 DFC, Building 810Denver, CO 80225

17) United States Geological Survey300 North Los Angeles StreetLos Angeles, CA 90012Dianne Noserale(213) 894-2850

18) United States Geological Survey745 Middle Field RoadMail Stop 532Menlow Park, CA 94025

19) United States Geological SurveyWater Resources DivisionCalifornia District2800 Cottageway, Room W-2235Sacramento, CA 95825Jean F. Lucas(916) 978-4668

iIIII

i A-3

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IIIIIU Appendix BII USAF Hazard Assessment

* Rating Methodology

IIIIIIIIII

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IUSAF HAZARD ASSESSMENT RATING METHODOLOGY

The DoD has developed a comprehensive program to identify, evaluate, and

control hazardous waste disposal practices associated with past waste disposaltechniques at DoD facilities. One of the actions required under this program

* is to:

Develop and maintain a priority listing of contaminatedinstallations and facilities for remedial action based onpotential hazard to public health, welfare, andenvironmental impacts (Reference: DEQPPM 81-5,December 11, 1981).

Accordingly, the USAF has sought to establish a system to set priorities fortaking further action at sites based upon information gathered during the PAphase of the IRP.

I PURPOSE

The purpose of the site rating model is to assign a ranking to each site wherethere is suspected contamination from hazardous substances. This model willassist the Air National Guard in setting priorities for follow-up siteinvestigations.

This rating system is used only after it has been determined that (1) potentialfor contamination exists (hazardous waste present in sufficient quantity), and(2) potential for migration exists. A site may be deleted from rankingconsideration on either basis.

U DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL

Like the other hazardous waste site ranking models, the USAF's site ratingmodel uses a scoring system to rank sites for priority attention. However, indeveloping this model, the designers incorporated some special features to meetspecific DoD needs.

The model uses data readily obtained during the Preliminary Assessmentportion of the IRP. Scoring judgment and computations are easily made. Inassessing the hazards at a given site, the model develops a score based on themost likely routes of contamination and worst hazards at the site. Sites aregiven low scores only if there are clearly no hazards. This approach mesheswell with the policy for evaluating and setting restrictions on excess DoDproperties.

Ii B-i

I

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ISite scores are developed using the appropriate ranking factors presented inthis appendix. The site rating form and the rating factor guidelines areprovided at the end of this appendix.

As with the previous model, this model considers four aspects of the hazard iposed by a specific site: (1) possible receptors of the contamination, (2) thewaste and its characteristics, (3) the potential pathways for contaminantmigration, and (4) any effort that was made to contain the waste resultingfrom a spill.

The receptors category rating is based on four rating factors: (1) the potential ifor human exposure to the site, (2) the potential for human ingestion ofcontaminants should underlying aquifers be polluted, (3) the current andanticipated use of the surrounding area, and (4) the potential for adverseeffects upon important biological resources and fragile natural settings. Thepotential for human exposure is evaluated on the basis of the total populationwithin 1000 feet of the site, and the distance between the site and the base iboundary. The potential for human ingestion of contaminants is based on thedistance between the site and the nearest well, the groundwater use of theuppermost aquifer, and population served by the groundwater supply within 3 imiles of the site. The uses of the surrounding area are determined by thezoning within a 1-mile radius. Determination of whether or not criticalenvironments exist within a 1-mile radius of the site predicts the potential foradverse effects from the site upon important biological resources and fragilenatural settings. Each rating factor is numerically evaluated (0-3) andincreased by a multiplier. The maximum possible score is also computed. Thefactor score and maximum possible scores are totaled, and the receptorssubscore computed as follows: receptors subscore = (100 X factorsubtotal/maximum score subtotal).

The waste characteristics category is scored in three steps. First, a pointrating is assigned based on an assessment of the waste quantity and thehazard (worst case) associated with the site. The level of confidence in theinformation is also factored into the assessment. Next, the score is multipliedby a waste persistence factor, which acts to reduce the score if the waste isnot very persistent. Finally, the score is further modified by the physical stateof the waste. Liquid wastes receive the maximum score while scores for solidsare reduced.

The pathways category rating is based on evidence of contaminant migrationalong one of three pathways: surface water migration, flooding, andgroundwater migration. If evidence of contaminant migration exists, thecategory is given a subscore of 80 to 100 points. For indirect evidence, 80points are assigned, and for direct evidence, 100 points are assigned. If noevidence is found, the highest score among the three possible routes is used. IThe three pathways are evaluated and the highest score among all four of thepotential scores is used.

B-2

II

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I

3 The scores for each of the three categories are added together and normalizedto a maximum possible score of 100. Then the waste management practicecategory is scored. Scores for sites with no containment are not reduced.Scores for sites with limited containment can be reduced by 5 percent. If asite is contained and well-managed, its score can be reduced by 90 percent.

The final site score is calculated by applying the waste management practicescategory factor to the sum of the score for the other three categories.

IIiIiIIIIIIII

i B-3

i

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HAZARD ASSESSMENT RATING FORM INAME OF SITE

LOCATION

DATE OF OPERATION OR OCCURRENCE 3OWNER/OPERATOR

COMMENTS/DESCRIPTION I

SITE RATED BY

I. RECEPTORS Factor Maximum iRating Factor Possible

Rating Factor (0-3) Multiplier Score Se:re

A. Population within 1000 ft. of site 4 1 12

B. Distance to nearest well 10 30

C. Land use-zoning within 1-mile radius 3 9 iD. Distance to installation boundary 6 18

E. Critical environments within 1-mile radius of site 10 30

F. Water quality of nearest surface water body 6 18

G. Groundwater use of uppermost aquifier 9 27

H. Population served hy surface water supply within 3 6 18miles downstream of site

I. Population served by groundwater supply within 3 6 18miles of site

Subtotals 180 3Receptors subscore (100 x factor score subtotal/maximur score subtotal)

II. WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

A. Select the factor score based on the estimated quantity, the degree of hazard, and the confidence level ofthe information.1. Waste quantity (S = small, M = medium, L = large)

2. Confidence level (C = confirmed, S = suspected) 33. Hazard rating (H = high, M = medium, L = low)

Factor Subscore A (from 20 to 100 based on factor score matrix) i

B. Apply persistence factorFactor subscore A x Persistence Factor = Subscore B

x = -

C. Apply physical state multiplierSubscore B x Physical State Multiplier = Waste Characteristics Subscore 3

x -

IB-4I

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IFactor Maximum

III. PATHWAYS Rating Factor PossibleRating Factor (0-3) Multiplier Score Score

A. If there Is evidence of migration of hazardous contaminants, assign maximum factor subscore of 1CO pointsfor direct evidence or 80 points for indirect evidence. If direct evidence exists, then proceed to C. Ifno evidence or indirect evidence exists, proceed to B. Subscore

B. Rate the migration potential for 3 potential pathways: Surface water migration, flooding, and groundwatermigration. Select the highest rating, and proceed to C.

1. Surface water migration

Distance to nearest surface water 8 24

Net precipitation 6 18

I urface erosion 8 24

Surface permeability 6 18

Rainfall intensity 8 24

Subtotals 108

Subscore (100 x factor score subtotai/maximum score subtotal)

Subscore (100 x factor score/3)

3. Grourdwater migration

Depth to groundwater 8 24

Net precipitation 6 18

Soil permeability 8 24

Subsun.,ce flows 8 24

Direct . cess to groundwater 8 24

Subtotals 114

Subscore (100 x factor score subtotal/maximum score subtotal)

C. Highest pathway score

iitqr the highest subscore value from A, B-i, B-2, or B-3 above

Pathw,' s subscore

IV. WASTE MNAGEMENT PRACTICES

A. Average the three subscores for receptors, waste characteristics, and pathways.

ReceptorsWaste CharacteristicsPathways

Total divided by 3 =

Gross Total Score

B. Apply factor for waste containment from waste management practices.

Gross Total Score x Waste Management Practices Factor = Final Score

B-5nnnIII

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Page 70: * PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT - Defense Technical … · * PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT ... Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ... requiremients (guidelines, rules, regulations,

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Page 71: * PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT - Defense Technical … · * PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT ... Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ... requiremients (guidelines, rules, regulations,

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Page 72: * PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT - Defense Technical … · * PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT ... Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ... requiremients (guidelines, rules, regulations,

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IIIII

Appendix CI

I Site Hazard AssessmentRating Forms and Factor

Rating CriteriaIIIIIIIII

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HAZARD ASSESSMENT RATING FORM

NAME OF SITE Site No. 1 - FTA at City Fire Station

LOCATION East of Hayward Air National Guard Station

DATE OF OPERATION OR OCCURRENCE Middle 1950s thru the late 1950s

OWNER/OPERATOR Hayward Air National Guard

COMMENTS/DESCRIPTION Waste fuels, oils, solvents, paints, etc., were periodically burned at this site.

SITE RATED BY Science & Technology, Inc.

I. RECEPTORS Factor Maximum

Rating Factor PossibleRating Factor (0-3) Multiplier Score Score

A. Population within 1000 ft. of site 3 4 12 12

B. Distance to nearest well 3 10 30 30

C. Land use-zoning within 1-mile radius 3 3 9 9

D. Distance to Installation boundary 3 6 18 18

E. Critical environments within 1-mile radius of site 2 10 20 30

F. Water quality of nearest surface water body 1 6 6 18

G. Groundwater use of uppermost aquifier 2 9 18 27

H. Population served by surface water supply within 3 0 6 0 18miles downstream of site

I. Population served by groundwater supply within 3 3 6 18 18miles of site

131Subtotals 180

Receptors subscore (100 x factor score subtotal/maximum score subtotal) '3

II. WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

A. Select the factor score based on the estimated quantity, the degree of hazard, and the confidence level ofthe Information.

1. Waste quantity (S - small, M - medium, L - large)C

2. Confidence level (C = confirmed, S - suspected)H

3. Hazard rating (H - high, M = medium, L = low)

Factor Subscore A (from 20 to 100 based on factor score matrix) 100

B. Apply persistence factorFactor subscore A x Persistence Factor - Subscore B

100 1.0 100

C. Apply physical state multiplierSubscore B x Physical State Multiplier = Waste Characteristics Subscore

100 x 1.0 100

C-1

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Factor Max)mumRating Factor Possible

Rating Factor (0-3) Multiplier Score Score

A. If there Is evidence of migration of hazardous contaminants, assign maximum factor subscore of 100 pointsfor direct evidence or 80 points for Indirect evidence. If direct evidence exists, then proceed to C. Ifno evidence or Indirect evidence exists, proceed to B. Subscore 80

B. Rate the migration potential for 3 potential pathways: Surface water migration, flooding, and groundwater

migration. Select the highest rating, and proceed to C.

1. Surface water migration

Distance to nearest surface water 3 8 24 24

Net precipitation 0 6 0 18

Surface erosion 1 8 8 24

Surface permeability 2 6 12 18

Rainfall intensity 2 8 16 24

Subtotals 108

Subscore (100 x factor score subtotal/maximum score subtotal) 56

2. Flooding 0 1 0 3

Subscore (100 x factor score/3)

3. Groundwater migration 0

Depth to groundwater 2 8 16 24

Net precipitation 0 6 0 18

Soil permeability 1 8 8 24

Subsurface flows 0 8 0 24

Direct access to groundwater 1 8 8 24

Subtotals 114

Subscore (100 x factor score subtotal/maximum score subtotal) 28

C. Highest pathway scoreIEnter the highest subscore value from A, B-1, B-2, or B-3 above

Pathways subscore 80 3IV. WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

A. Average the three subscores for receptors, waste characteristics, and pathways. 3Receptors 73Waste Characteristics 100Pathways 80

Total 253 divided by' 3 = 84Gross Total Score 3

B. Apply factor for waste containment from waste management practices.

Gross Total Score x Waste Management Practices Factor = Final Score84 1.0 [

C-2 I

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HAZARD ASSESSMENT RATING FORM

NAME OF SITE Site No. 2 - FTA at the Industrial Park

LOCATION West of Hayward Air National Guard Station

I DATE OF OPERATION OR OCCURRENCE Early 1960s thru the late 1970s

OWNER/OPERATOR Hayward Air National Guard

I COMMENTS/DESCRIPTION Waste fuels, oils, solvents, paints, etc., were periodically burned at this site.

SITE RATED BY Science & Technology, Inc.

I. RECEPTORS Factor Maximum

Rating Factor PossibleRating Factor (0-3) Multiplier Score Score

I A. Population within 1000 ft. of site 3 4 12 12

B. Distance to nearest well 3 10 30 30

C. Land use-zoning within 1-mile radius 3 3 9 9

D. Distance to installation boundary 3 6 18 18

E. Critical environments within 1-mile radius of site 2 10 20 30

F. Water quality of nearest surface water body 1 6 6 18

G. Groundwater use of uppermost aquifier 2 9 18 27

H. Population served by surface water supply within 3 0 6 0 18miles downstream of site

I. Population served by groundwater supply within 3 3 6 18 18miles of site

131Subtotals 180

Recepto, s subscore (100 x factor score subtotal/maximum score subtotal) 73

I II. WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

A. Select the factor score based on the estimated quantity, the degree of hazard, and the confidence level ofthe information.

L1. Waste quantity (S = small, M = medium, L = large)

C2. Confidence level (C - confirmed, S = suspected)

3. Hazard rating (H . high, M = medium, L = low)

Factor Subscore A (from 20 to 100 based on factor score matrix) 100

B. Apply persistence factorFactor subscore A x Persistence Factor = Subscore B

100 1.0 100

C. Apply physical state multiplierSubscore B x Physical State Multiplier = Waste Characteristics Subscore

100 1.0 100

IC-3I

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Factor Maximum iIII. PATHWAYS Rating Factor Possible

Rating Factor (0-3) Multiplier Score Score

A. If there is evidence of migration of hazardous contaminants, assign maximum factor subscore of 100 pointsfor direct evidence or 80 points for Indirect evidence. If direct evidence exists, then proceed to C. Ifno evidence or Indirect evidence exists, proceed to B. Subscore so

B. Rate the migration potential for 3 potential pathways: Surface water migration, flooding, and groundwater

migration. Select the highest rating, and proceed to C.

1. Surface water migration

Distance to nearest surface water 3 8 24 24

Net precipitation 0 6 0 18

Surface erosion 1 8 8 24

Surface permeability 2 6 12 18

Rainfall intensity 2 8 16 24

60Subtotals 108

Subscore (100 x factor score subtotal/maximum score subtotal) 56

2. Flooding 0 1 0 3

Subscore (100 x factor score/3)

3. Groundwater migration 0

Depth to groundwater 2 8 16 24

Net precipitation 0 6 0 18

Soil permeability 1 8 8 24

Subsurface flows 0 8 0 24

Direct access to groundwater 1 8 8 24

32Subtotals 114

Subscore (100 x factor score subtotal/maximum score subtotal) 28C. Highest pathway score

Enter the highest subscore value from A, B-1, B-2, or B-3 above

Pathways subscore 80

IV. WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES P

A. Average the three subscores for receptors, waste characteristics, and pathways.

Receptors 73Waste Characteristics 100Pathways 80

Total 253 divided by 3 = 84

Gross Total Score

B. Apply factor for waste containment from waste management practices. IGross Total Score x Waste Management Practices Factor = Final Score

84 1.0

C-4 I

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3 HAZARD ASSESSMENT RATING FORM

NAME OF SITE Site No. 3 - FTA at End of Runway

ILOCATION West of Hayward Air National Guard Station

DATE OF OPERATION OR OCCURRENCE L 1970s thn the early 19809

E OWNER/OPERATOR Hayward Air National Guard

COMMENTS/DESCRIPTION JP-4 was burned at this site during fire training exercises.

SITE RATED BY Science & Technology, Inc.

I. RECEPTORS Factor MaximumRating Factor Possible

Rating Factor (0-3) Multiplier Score Score

3 A. Population within 1000 ft. of site 3 4 12 12

B. Distance to nearest well 3 10 30 30

C. Land use-zoning within 1-mile radius 3 3 9 9

D. Distance to Installation boundary 3 6 18 18

E. Critical environments within 1-mile radius of site 2 10 20 30

3 F. Water quality of nearest surface water body 1 6 6 18

G. Groundwater use of uppermost aquifier 2 9 18 27

H. Population served by surface water supply within 3 0 6 0 18

miles downstream of site

I. Population served by groundwater supply within 3 3 6 18 18* miles of site _

131Subtotals 180

Receptors subscore (100 x factor score subtotal/maximum score subtotal) 173

Ill . WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

A. Select the factor score based on the estimated quantity, the degree of hazard, and the confidence level ofthe information.

1. Waste quantity (S - small, M - medium, L = large)C

2. Confidence level (C - confirmed, S = suspected)

3. Hazard rating (H - high, M = medium, L a low)

Factor Subscore A (from 20 to 100 based on factor score matrix) 80

I Apply persistence factorFactor subscore A x Persistence Factor = Subscore B

80 0.9 72

C. Apply physical state multiplierSubscore B x Physical State Multiplier = Waste Characteristics Subscore

72 1.0

C572IxIC-

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Ill. PATHWAYS Factor Maximum IRating Factor Possible

Rating Factor (0-3) Multiplier Score Score

A. If there is evidence of migration of hazardous contaminants, assign maximum factor subscore of 100 pointsfor direct evidence or 80 points for indirect evidence. If direct evidence exists, then proceed to C. Ifno evidence or indirect evidence exists, proceed to B. Subscore 80

B. Rate the migration potential for 3 potential pathways: Surface water migration, flooding, and groundwater

migration. Select the highest rating, and proceed to C.

1. Surface water migration

Distance to nearest surface water 3 8 24 24

Net precipitation 0 6 0 18

Surface erosion 1 8 8 24

Surface permeability 2 6 12 18

Rainfall intensity 2 8 16 24

60Subtotals 108

Subscore (100 x factor score subtotal/maximum score subtotal) 56

2. Flooding0103

Subscore (100 x factor score/3)

3. Groundwater migration oDepth to groundwater 2 8 16 24

Net precipitation 0 6 0 18

Soil permeability 1 8 8 24

Subsurface flows 0 8 0 24

Direct access to groundwater 1 8 8 24

32Subtotals 114

Subscore (100 x factor score subtotal/maximum score subtotal) 28C. Highest pathway score

Enter the highest subscore value from A, B-1, B-2, or B-3 above

Pathways subscore 80 3IV. WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

A. Average the three subscores for receptors, waste characteristics, and pathways.

Receptors 73Waste Characteristics 72Pathways 80

Total divided by 3 =

Gross Total Score

B. Apply factor for waste containment from waste management practices.

Gross Total Score x Waste Managemer.t Practices Factor = Final Score

75 1.0

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Hayward Air National Guard StationHayward, California

USAF Hazard Assessment Rating MethodologyFactor Rating Criteria

The following is an explanation of the HARM factor rating criteria for each ofthe three potential sites.

I. Receptors

A. Population Within 1000 feet of Site.

Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Factor Rating 3.The population within 1000 feet of all three potential sites is over100. Site No. 1 is near the Station; and on UTA weekends, thestation population exceeds 600 including the Marines. Site Nos. 2and 3 are near an industrial park that employees more than 100people.

B. Distance to Nearest Water Well.

Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Factor Rating 3.There is a water well located just north of the Station near therunway. Site No. 1 is within 1000 feet of this well. There areseveral additional wells near the Station. Site Nos. 2 and 3 arewithin 1000 feet of one of these wells.

C. Land Use-Zoning (within 1-mile radius).

Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Factor Rating 3.The area within a 1-mile radius of both sites is zoned commercial andresidential.

D. Distance to Installation Boundary.

Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Factor Rating 3.All three potential sites are located outside the Station's boundary.

E. Critical Environments (within 1-mile radius).

Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Factor Rating 2.Minor wetlands are present approximately one mile from the potentialsites. Also, there are endangered or threatened species which can befound just outside the 1-mile radius. These natural resources aresusceptible to contamination.

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II

F. Water Quality/Use Designation of Nearest Surface Water Body.

Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Factor Rating 1.Sulphar Creek is primarily used for agricultural or industrialpurposes- however, it emp'ies into San Francisco Bay approximatelyone mile away.

G. Groundwater Use of Uppermost Aquifer.

Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Factor Rating 2.The groundwater is used f drinking water; however, municipal wateris available in Hayward.

H. Fopulatin Served by Su'face Water Supplies Within 3 milesDownstream of Site. 3

Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3, Factor Rating 0.The local population is supplied with water from aquifers.

I. Pc'nulation Served by Aquifer Supplies Within 3 milesDownstream of Site. 3

Site Nos. 1, S, And 3, Factor Rating 3.Over 1000 peiLsons within a 3-mile radius of each potential site aresevL-ed by aquifer suuplies.

II. Waste Characteristics

Site No. 1

A-I: Hazardous Waste Quantity - Factor Rating ,arge).A large quantity, grnater than 85 drums, -ombinedwastes is eEtimated to havc been disposed of 3ite.

A-2: Confidence Level - i'actor Rating C (Confirmed).Interviewees reported that wastes including fuels, oils, 3and paints were used ft.- fire training exercises at thispotential sitc.

A-3: Hazard Rating - Factor Ratig H (High). IA high hazard rating was asigned because of the hightoxicity of the fuels and solentE disp-sed of at this sitc.

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Site No. 2

A-1: Hazardous Waste Quantity - Factor Rating L (Large).A large quantity, greater than 85 drums, of combinedwastes is estimated to have been disposed of at this site.

A-2: Confidence Level - Factor Rating C (Confirmed).Interviewees reported that wastes including fuels, oils,and paints were used for fire training exercises at thispotential site.

A-3: Hazard Rating - Factor Rating H (High).A high hazard rating was assigned because of the hightoxicity of the fuels and solents disposed of at this site.

Site No. 3

A-I: Hazardous Waste Quantity - Factor Rating M (Moderate).A moderate quantity, 21 to 85 drums, of JP-4 isestimated to have been disposed of at this site.

A-2: Confidence Level - Factor Rating C (Confirmed).Interviewees reported that wastes were used for firetraining exercises at this potential site.

A-3: Hazard Rating - Factor Rating H (High).A high hazard rating was assigned because of the hightoxicity of the fuels and solvents disposed of at this site.

B. Persistence Multiplier for Point Rating.

Site Nos. 1 and 2 were assigned a persistence multiplier of 1.0, basedon the potential presence of heavy metals from the use of waste paintfor fire training. Site No. 3 was assigned a persistence multiplier of0.9 based on the use of JP-4. This fuel corresponds to the HARMcategory of "Substituted and Other Ring Compounds."

C. Physical State Multiplier.

A physical state multiplier of 1.0 was applied to all three potentialsites because the substances released were liquids.

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I

III. Pathways Category

A. Evidence of Contamination.

Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3 were given a score of 80 (indirect evidence).Site No. 1 had no visible evidence of heavy oil-stained soil, and SiteNos. 2 and 3 were not accessible because buildings or parking areashave been constucted at these sites. Nevertheless, all of these siteswere given a score of 80 because they are suspected of being a sourceof contamination.

B-1 Potential for Surface Water Contamination.

o Distance to Nearest Surface Water: Factor Rating 3.Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3 are located within 500 feet of drainageditches and storm sewers.

o Net Precipitation: Factor Rating 0.The average annual net precipitation at the Station isapproximately -24 inches.

o Surface Erosion: Factor Rating 1.There is slight soil erosion at each site.

o Surface Permeability: Factor Rating 2.The soils at the three potential sites have approximately 30 to I50% clay and the rate of permeability ranges from 10' to 10'cm/sec.

o Rainfall Intensity Based on 1-year, 24-hour Rainfall: FactorRating 2.The rainfall intensity at the Station is approximately 2.4 inches.

B-2 Potential for Flooding.

Factor Rating 0.Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3 are located beyond the 100-year flood plain oflocal streams. 3

B-3 Potential for Groundwater Contamination.

o Depth to Groundwater: Factor Rating 2. iThe depth to groundwater at Site Nos. 1. 2, and 3 isapproximately 15 feet.

o Net Precipitation: Factor Rating 0.See B-1.

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0 Soil Permeability: Factor Rating 1.The soils at the three potential sites have approximately 30 to50% clay and the rate of permeability ranges from 10' to 10'cm/sec.

0 Subsurface Flows: Factor Rating 0.The bottoms of Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3 are greater than 5 feetabove high groundwater level.

0 Direct Access to Groundwater: Factor Rating 1.

Direct access to groundwater through faults, fractures, faultywell casings, subsidence, etc., is low risk for Site Nos. 1, 2, and3.

IV. Waste Management Practices Factor

A multiplier of 1.0 was applied to Site Nos. 1, 2, and 3 because they haveno form of containment. The exact locations of Site Nos. 2 and 3 are notknown; therefore, it was assumed that there was no containment.

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