Organic Marcomolecules

Organic

Organic = contains carbon ALL living things contain carbon So ALL living things are organic

Marcomolecule

means “large molecule.” are made from thousands or even

hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules.

are formed by polymerization, the process in which large compounds are built by joining smaller ones together.

Example of polymerization

Smaller units, called monomers, join together to form polymers, which are large compound formed from combinations of many monomers.

Polymer=Marcomolecule

Organic Marcomolecules

Large molecules that contain carbon and are found in living things

Four groups of organic compounds found in living things are 1)carbohydrates 2)lipids, 3)nucleic acids, and 4)proteins.

Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen,

and oxygen atoms Its monomers are called

monosaccharides (one sugar) usually in a ratio of 1:2:1 (1 carbon, 2

hydrogen, 1 oxygen). Are used as main source of energy. Most end in –ose. Plants and some animals also use

carbohydrates for structural purposes.

Carbohydrates Continued

There are three types of carbohydrates: 1) Monosaccharide 2) Disaccharides 3)

Polysaccharides Single or simple sugar molecules are also

called monosaccharides. (Ex. Glucose, galatose, fructose) Formula- C6H12O6

Two monosaccharides combined to form disaccharides (ex. Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose) Formula – C12H22O11

Large macromolecules formed from many monosaccharides are known as polysaccharides or complex sugars(Ex. Glycogen, Cellulose)

Example of Carbohydrates

Here are some examples of carbohydrates!

Lipids

Commonly known as fats, oils, and waxes. Its monomers are fatty acids and glycerol. Lipids are made of carbon and hydrogen

atoms. Lipids can be used to store energy. Lipids are not soluble in water. Some lipids are important parts of

biological membranes and waterproof coverings.

Three Types of Lipids

Phospholipids Triglycerides Waxes

Three Types of Lipids Phospholipids- two fatty acids joined to

one glycerol

Three Types of Lipids Continued…..

Triglycerides- three fatty acids joined to one glycerol

Three Types of Lipids Continued…….• Waxes – many fatty acids joined to

many glycerols

Two Types of Fats

Saturated and Unsaturated If each carbon atom in a lipid’s fatty acid

chain is joined to another carbon by a single bond, the lipid is said to be saturated (contains the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms)

Solid at room temp Bad for you Examples: Butter, Lard, Shortening

Two types of Fats Continued…….

If at least one carbon-carbon double bond is on a fatty acid chain, the chain is unsaturated.

Are liquid at room temp. Examples: peanut oil, corn oil,

soybean oil Good for you

Two Types of Fats Cont……….

If there is more than one double bonded carbon, the chain is polyunsaturated.

Stupid good for you!!!!

Example of Foods that Contain Lipids

Are There Any Questions?