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FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY

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ALTERNATIVE

WEED CONTROL

IN ARABLE CROPS

France

MODULE C19

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Aims of weed mechanical or mixt control :

Sustainable use of herbicides

Background: reduction of pesticides in France→ Grenelle Environment→ Basin supply catchment

Reducing the cost of herbicides use→ 15-25% of operating expenses

Sustainable herbicideThe technical "plus" → Effect on soil warming

→ Interest in the positioning of fertilizers

→ Enable mineralization

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Weed control into therotation:

Agronomic Principles– Diversifying crops– Take advantage of intercropping to reduce the

seed bank– Use tillage wisely– Stagger planting dates– Using the factor “crop competition”

By combining these principles the maximum weed control will be facilitated, optimized the use of herbicides and the risk of emergence of resistance limited

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Comparison of twoweed management

Region Burgundy (France)Wheat Weeds: Alopecurus, Bromus, Veronica, Viola, Galium

3L Tillering Ear at 1cm

Beginning ofStem elongation

1 Node

2 to 3 staleseedbed

Shiftingthe sowing date from the 20th of

october

2 tillages

T2Propoxycarbazone

+ florasulam

No possibility of mechanical controlwith winter weather

conditions

Density +10%

Sowing

MIX

TC

HE

MIC

AL

From 1st of october

T1Isoproturon + dff + ioxynil + bromoxynil

T2MesosulfuronIodosulfuron +Propoxycarbazone

+ florasulame

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Region Burgundy (France)

Rosette

1 stale seed-bed

From earlyseptember

Sowing

MIX

TC

HE

MIC

AL

Frommid-august

T1NapropamidClomazoneDimetachlor+ quinmeracmétazachlor

Oil-seed rape Weeds :Alopecurus, Bromus, Matricaria, Stellaria,Galium, (Geranium)

Cotyledon 1L 4L

Hoeing

T2Propyzamid

T1NapropamidClomazoneDimetachlorOn 1/3 of the

soil

T2Propyzamid

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Semis

MIX

TC

HE

MIC

AL

Maize Weeds : Summer grasses, Chenopodium, Amaranthus, Solanum nigrum

2 L

Hoeing

Emergence 4 L 5-6 L 8 L

Cover-cropping

AndTillage

T1Acetochlore + dichlormid

T1Mesotrione

+ s-métolachlorOn the sowing row

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Exemples d’itinéraire technique


Sowing

MIX

TC

HE

MIC

AL

Sunflower Weeds : Summer grasses, Chenopodium, Amaranthus, Solanum nigrum

Hoeing

Cover-cropping

andTillage

T1S-métolachlor

T1Flurochloridone on the sowing

row

Emergence 4 L

T2Flurochloridone

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Sowing

MIX

TC

HE

MIC

AL T1 + T2 + T3 + T4

Phenmediphamdesmedipham EthofumesatMetamitron

Lenacil

Sugar-beet Weeds : Chenopodium, Apiaceae, Sonchus, Cirsium, Mercurialis, CRape volunteers, Matricairia, Amaranthus …

Cotyledon 1L 4L

Hoeing2 passages

T5Grass killer herbicide (if

needed)40% rate

To control all the weedsemergences

T1 + T2Phenmediphamdesmedipham EthofumesatMetamitron

Lenacil

To control only the earlierweeds emergencues

T3Grass killer herbicide (if

needed)40% rate

Total or localised spray

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Pesticides usereduction

TFI = Treatment Frequency Index = number of registrared rates sprayed in a field

0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.601.802.002.202.402.602.80

Chemical Mixt

Wheat

TF

I H

erb

icid

e Herbicide - 51%

Oil-seed rape

Herbicide - 45%

Treatment Frequency Index

2,17

1,33

1,77

2,77

0,96

Maize

1,27

0,33

Herbicide - 73%

Sunflower

1,67

0,33

Herbicide - 80%

Chemical MixtChemical MixtChemical Mixt

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FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETYAgricultural feasibility

Loamy

Clayey

Capped

Stony

Rotative hoe Weed harrow Hoeing machine

Stage

Grasses

Broadleaves

EM 2L 4L 6L EM 2L 4L 6L EM 2L 4L 6L

Stage

Selectiviy

EM <2L 4L 6L EM <2L 4L 6L EM <2L 4L 6L

Well adapted Adapted Dangerous No

SO

ILW

EE

DS

CR

OP

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FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETYEconomical viability

WHEAT MAIZE

Chemical Mixt Chemical Mixt

Gross margin (€/ha)(Total – Operating expenses)

558 601 717 754

Net margin (€/ha)(Gross margin – Mechanization

expenses)

428 445 564 593

Comparison of operating expenses In chemical or mixt management

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450


Op

erat

ing

exp

ense

s (€

/ha)

Regulators

Insecticides

Herbicides

Fongicides

Fertilization

Seeds

Intercropping

- 43 €

- 37 €

WHEAT MAIZE

Mechanization expenses In chemical or mixt management

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180


Mec

ha

niz

ati

on

ex

pen

ses

(€/h

a)

Spraying and fertilization

Chemical weed control

Mechanical weed control

Sowing

Intercropping

+ 26 €+ 8 €

WHEAT MAIZE

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Other inovative techniquesExperimental

Direct Drilling

Live Mulch

Mixt crops

Geraniums in early winter (weeds/m²)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Deepcultivating

Deep + supcultivating

Direct drilling Direct drilling

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Conclusion: Response to general principles of IPM

Environment:Reduced quantities of herbicides (Part 5)

AgronomyResistance management (part 7)Use of alternative methods (part 4)Combination with preventive methods (part 1)

Terms of Success: technical knowledge

EconomyMargins comparable between chemical and mixt managementMore advantages if mechanization investment (equipement with large width, gps, ...)More manpower is sometimes needed

© endure, february 2007 food quality and safety © endure, february 2007 food quality and safety...

Documents

food quality

safety comparison

safety weed control

safety aims of weed

sowing row slide

mixt control

t2 flurochloridone slide

maximum weed control