©

Economic Analysis Of Hybrid Photovoltaic-Diesel-Battery Power

Systems

For Residential Loads In Hot Regions - A Step To Clean Future

Shaahid, SM; Elhadidy, MA

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, RENEWABLE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

REVIEWS; pp: 488-503; Vol: 12

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

http://www.kfupm.edu.sa

Summary

The growing concerns of global warming and depleting oil/gas reserves have made it

inevitable to seek energy from renewable energy resources. Many nations are

embarking on introduction of clean/renewable solar energy for displacement of oil-

produced energy. Moreover, solar photovoltaic (PV)-diesel hybrid power generation

system technology is an emerging energy option since it promises great deal of

challenges and opportunities for developed and developing countries. The Kingdom

of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A) being enriched with higher level of solar radiation, is a

prospective candidate for deployment of solar PV systems. Literature indicates that

commercial/residential buildings in K.S.A. consume about 10-45% of the total

electric energy generated. The aim of this study is to analyze long-term solar radiation

data of Dhahran (East-Coast, K.S.A.) to assess the techno-economic feasibility of

utilizing hybrid PV-diesel-battery power systems to meet the load of a typical

residential building (with annual electrical energy demand of 35,120 kWh). The

monthly average daily solar global radiation ranges from 3.61 to 7.96 kwh/m(2).

National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) Hybrid Optimization Model for

Electric Renewable (HOMER) software has been employed to carry out the present

study. The simulation results indicate that for a hybrid system composed of 4 kWp PV

system together with 10 kW diesel system and a battery storage of 3 h of autonomy

(equivalent to 3 h of average load), the PV penetration is 22%. The cost of generating

energy (COE, US$/kWh) from the above hybrid system has been found to be 0.179

Copyright: King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals;http://www.kfupm.edu.sa

2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.

©

$/kWh (assuming diesel fuel price of 0.1 $/1). The study exhibits that for a given

hybrid configuration, the operational hours of diesel generators decrease with increase

in PV capacity. The investigation also examines the effect of PV/battery penetration

on COE, operational hours of diesel gensets for a given hybrid system. Concurrently,

attention is focussed on un-met load, excess electricity generation, fuel savings and

reduction in carbon emissions (for different scenarios such as PV-diesel without

storage, PV-diesel with storage, as compared to diesel-only situation), COE of

different hybrid systems, cost of PV-diesel-battery systems, etc. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd.

All rights reserved.

References:1. 1971, 8 WMO

1994, REPORT BRIEFING CASE1999, ANNUAL REPORT SAUDI*MIN IND EL, 1997, EL GROWTH DEV KINGD*RES I KFUPM, 1992, PN12031 RES I KFUPMALI S, 2001, 7 AR INT SOL EN C SH, P4BERGEY M, 1993, WIND ENERGY APPL TRACHOWDHURY BH, 1988, IEEE T POWER SYSTEMS, V3, P900COIANTE D, 1996, SOL ENERGY, V57, P485

10. DOUGLAS B, 1997, SOLAR TODAY MAY, P16ELHADIDY M, 2000, RENEW ENERG, V21, P129ELHADIDY MA, 1994, SOL ENERGY, V52, P439ELHADIDY MA, 1998, WORLD REN EN C 5 FLOELHADIDY MA, 1999, INT J RENEWABLE ENER, P77ERHARD K, 1991, RENEW ENERG, V1, P745ESSAM EI, 1988, SOL ENERGY, V41, P531FRANK W, 1992, SOLAR ENERGY TEC SED, V13, P75HANSEN U, 1998, ENERGY J, V19, P63JEFFERY K, 1990, SUN WORLD, V14, P44JOYASHREE R, 1996, SOL ENERGY, V57, P231LUIZ CGV, 1998, ENERGY, V23, P317MAHMOUD M, 1990, IEE P C, V37, P391NAYAR CV, 1993, SOL ENERGY, V51, P65OMAR B, 2002, P 1 S EN CONS MAN BU, P175OPARAKU OU, 2002, INT J SOL ENERGY, V22, P123POST HN, 1988, SOL ENERGY, V41, P465RAHMAN SHA, 2002, P 1 S EN CONS MAN BU, P103RICHARD NC, 1989, SOL ENERGY, V43, P71ROGER HB, 1993, ENERGY, V18, P681SHAAHID SM, 1994, P 40 INT INSTR S ISA

Copyright: King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals;http://www.kfupm.edu.sa

31.

©

TRACA A, 1983, IEEE T POWER APPARAT, V102, P1515

For pre-prints please write to: mshaahid@kfupm.edu.sa

Copyright: King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals;http://www.kfupm.edu.sa