خدا بنام

Occupational stressBy: MARYAM.ASLANI

OCUPATIONAL MEDICINE SPECIALIST

CONTENT

Definition Models Factors effecting on stress response Work related stressor Individual Consequences of Stress Stress management

استرس مفهوم

: ارگانیسم اختصاصی غیر پاسخ کلی بطورمحیطی محرک به

: تقاضای میان تعادل عدم شغلی درزمینه. کار آن انجام جهت فرد وتوانایی شغلی

فردی خصوصیات و کار شرایط که حالتیتعادل حاد گسیختگی هم از به منجر شاغل

. شود فیزیولوژیکوی یا روانی

استرسشغلی اهمیت فیزیکی برخالفمخاطرات

استرسورهای شیمیایی، وروانیمخصوصشغل (. تمام در نیست خاصی

) دارد وجود مشاغل نوع این با مواجهه احتمال

دارد وجود همیشه مخاطرهعوامل از بسیاری و

میتوانند سایکوسوشیال. باشند گذار تأثیر

توصیفاسترس برای مختلف مدلهای

Person – environment fit model Demand – control model Effort – reward imbalance model

PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT MODEL

Distinct the objective and subjective evaluations of the individual and the environment.

Emphasizes on the individual’s subjective interaction with the environment.

PERSON-ENVIRONMENT FIT MODEL

Person

EnvironmentOccupation

Occupational Performance

FUNCTION- DYSFUNCTION CONTINUUM

Function

A good fit between components results

in optimal function.

Maximum fit = maximum occupational

performance.

Minimum fit= dysfunction.

DEMAND-CONTROL MODEL

DEMAND-CONTROL MODEL

Imbalance between demands on a worker and the worker’s ability to modify those demands.

Low decision-making control + high job demands leads to high strain situation

DEMAND-CONTROL MODEL

There are three environmental elements : job demands, Decision authority, skill discretion. The latter two elements jointly constitute

job control

EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE MODEL

EFFORT-REWARD IMBALANCE MODEL

Imbalance between the efforts expanded and the rewards received at work.

High efforts + low rewards lead to higher risk of stress.

Consider broader economic variables of job stability, pay and the like.

استرسی پاسخ در موثر فاکتورهای

فردی خصوصیات

خانوادگی شرایط

خصوصیاتشغلی

اجتماعی شرایط

WORK-RELATED STRESSORS

Role Ambiguity

WorkOverload Occupation

ResourceInadequacy

WorkingConditions

Management StyleMonitoring

JobSecurity

کار محیط استرسورهای

Organizational Career development Role Task Work environment Shift work

ORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS

Change Inadequate

communication Interpersonal conflict

CAREER DEVELOPMENT STRESSORS

Lack of promotional opportunity New responsibilities beyond level of

training Unemployment

ROLE IN THE ORGANIZATION

Role conflict Role ambiguity Inadequate resources to accomplish job Inadequate authority to accomplish job

ROLE CONFLICT

A situation in which different roles lead to conflicting expectations

Examples may include a doctor who has two commitments: that of doctor and that of father. He must decide whether he should be present for his

daughter's birthday party (in his role as "father") or attend an ailing patient (as "doctor").

ROLE AMBIGUITY

TASK AS STRESSOR

Quantitative & qualitative overload Quantitative & qualitative underload Responsibility for the lives of others Low decision-making latitude

WORK ENVIRONMENT

Physical exposures Ergonomic

problems Noise Odors Safety hazards

SHIFT WORK

o Circadian rhythmso Sleep disorderso GI disorders, CAD,

depressiono Complication in

management chronic diseases.

o Smoking, alcohol and substance abuse

اجتماعی و فردی عوامل

شخصیتی ساختار خانوادگی زندگی اجتماعی حمایت های سیستم زندگی مرحله

INDIVIDUAL CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS

Stress

Psychological

• Anxiety• Depression• Low self-esteem• Sleeplessness• Frustration• Family problems• Burnout

Behavioral

• Excessive smoking• Substance abuse• Accident proneness• Appetite disorders• Violence

Physiological

• High blood pressure• Muscle tension• Headaches• Ulcers, skin

diseases• Impaired immune

systems• Musculoskeletal

disorders• Heart disease• Cancer

STRESS & DISEASES

Mental illness Cardiovascular disease Gastrointestinal disease Injury & accidents others

MENTAL ILLNESS

Anxiety,tension,anger,depression…

Reduced familial & social activities…

Adjustmeny disorder,somatoform disorder, PTSD, affective disorder…

Smoking, violence…

CARDIOVASCULAR DIEASES

Coronary heart disease Hypertension Cardiac arrhythmia (PVC) Changes in Blood clotting &

fibrinogen level Increased smoking

GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES

Peptic ulcer Ulcerative colitis IBS Constipation Eating disorders

STRESS MANAGEMENT

STRESS MANAGEMENT

STRESS MANAGEMENT

ROLE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Monitor signs of stress Helping patients to gain

insight into the problem. Providing advice and

refer. Organization stress-

reduced interventions.

INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL APPROACHES

Educating employees about stress and it’s effects.

Guiding toward and teaching stress management techniques and stress-coping skills

ORGANIZATIONAL-LEVEL APPROACHES

Objective is to reduce stressors. Identifying sources of stress within

organization. Designing solutions to the problem. Developing criteria for workplace.

THANKS