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By Ms. Weinberg

Ancient Greece & Rome

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Ancient cultures of Greece & Rome

You may be surprised to find out how much we learned from these people of

long ago…

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The people of Ancient Greece & Rome made many

contributions to today’s society.Some of those contributions were in:

Architecture

government

Sports

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The Greeks used columns when they designed many buildings.

This is a picture of the Parthenon in Greece.

This is a column

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The Romans used arches when they constructed (made)

buildings.

This is the Colosseum in Rome.

This is an arch

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This is an arch

The Romans used arches when they constructed (made)

aqueducts.

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Not only did the people of Ancient Greece & Rome influence architecture,

they also influenced Art.

Many Greek & Roman buildings display mosaics and sculptures.

Can you see the many tiles in this mosaic?

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The Olympics?

You have probably enjoyed watching the athletes compete in the Winter Olympics

as well as the Summer Olympics.

The Olympic Games began back in Ancient Greece.

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***Our government is based on ideas from Ancient Greece &

Rome.

***We call Greece “The Birthplace of Democracy.”

***A democracy is a government ruled by the people.

                     

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The people of Greece used a

Direct Democracy.

A Direct Democracy is a government where people vote to make their own

rules & laws.

     

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***The Romans used a

Republican form of Government - Representative Democracy.

A Representative Democracy is a government in which the people elect (vote for) a smaller group to make the rules & laws for everyone.

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Which kind of government do we have in the United States?

Do we have a Direct Democracy?

Do we have a Representative Democracy?This one is correct!

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Now that we have learned about the contributions of the Greeks and Romans, let’s focus on where these places were located and find out about the people

who lived there.

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***Both Greece and Rome are located on the continent of Europe. They are both located on the Mediterranean Sea. Both

places have many hills, too.

***Pelopennesus – a mountainous peninsula in southern Europe

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Almost 2000 islands surrounded Peloponnesus – Villages were isolated, cut off from each other

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***Where did ancient Greek civilization begin?

***On the Peloponnesus and the islands surrounding this mountainous peninsula

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The Greeks were shipbuilders.

The Romans were road builders.

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Both ancient Greece & Rome had only a small amount of the rich soil needed for farming. Still some of the people were farmers. They had to farm on hillsides

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Because of where they lived, the Greeks & Romans needed to adapt to their

environment.

Ancient Greece & Rome were located along the Mediterranean Sea, so the people who lived there were traders.

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Since there were many mountains & hills, the Greeks built many, small

communities.

***Political units made up of a city and surrounding villages sprung up called “city-states.”

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***Greek city-states shared common culture and language, but choose different forms of government. Athens and Sparta were the largest city-states.

***Monarchy – ruled by Kings

***Some were ruled by a “tyrant” someone who took power illegally

***Sparta was ruled by an “oligarchy” a system ruled by a few individuals and was a military state (had two kings)

***Athens became a limited democracy where all citizens could take part in the government and make laws. Only free adult males were citizens. Women, slaves, and foreigners were not citizens

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***In the early 5th century B.C., Greece was invaded by Persia (which is now Iran)

***Athens and Sparta joined forces. The Greeks won!

***Decades later Athens & Sparta fought each other in the Peloponnesian War – Sparta won

The city-states were so busy focusing on the war between Sparta and Athens they didn’t notice their neighbor Macedonia was building an army to invade Greece.

***Alexander the Great from Macedonia conquered territories from North Africa, Middle East and Asia spreading Greek culture.

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Who was Pericles?Pericles was an Athenian statesman, so influential in

Athenian history that the period of his power is called the Age of Pericles.

In Athenian politics Pericles sought to enable all citizens to take an active part in the government. Payment of citizens for their services to the state was introduced, and members of the council were chosen by lot from the entire body of Athenians.

Pericles believed anyone who neglects Athens is useless

Pericles believed anyone who fights for their state should have a say in state affairs

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***ANCIENT ROME

***Overthrew their Monarchy

***Created a “republic” a form of government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name

***All male citizens could vote but only “patricians” members of rich and powerful families could hold the highest government offices.

***Farmers, merchants, and craftspeople made up the class known as “plebeians.”

***The Roman Republic grew to fast and there was so much conflict that they allowed Octavian (Augustus) to take control and formed the “Roman Empire” under his complete control.

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Augustus expands the Empire

takes over Palestine a Jewish kingdom in the Mediterranean.

during this time period Jesus is born and Christianity begins

Christianity becomes official religion of the Roman Empire

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***Causes for the decline of the Roman EmpireA series of inexperienced and corrupt emperorsDivision of the EmpireConflict with Germanic tribesCrushing tax burdenGap between the rich and the poorDecline of patriotism and loyaltyFood shortages

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GOVERNMENT WHO RULED HOW CHOOSEN WHO PARTICIPATED

Greek Democracy citizens elected Free adult male citizens

Roman Republic patricians elected All male citizens

Roman Empire An emperor Self-appointed No one

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What’s this?

What’s this?The Parthenon

The ColosseumWhere can it be found?

Greece Where can it be found?

Rome

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We have learned about the many contributions that the Ancient Greeks &

Romans made to the world.

We can thank the Greeks & Romans for:Greeksartists, writers and philosopherstheater, science, and governmentDemocracy – giving people a voice in government

Romansroads, aqueducts, and public buildingsidea of a republic and created written code of law Legal systems today still influenced by the republic of Rome

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