Учись у ВЕЛИКОГО УЧИТЕЛЯ

��& ��& ��˚�� ˚�)

��&��˚��

��˚�)

w�dabSb1 /1b1y]`Sf\/Sbn V\ YZ1x

L�dVS 5<B5:MD

lr-U

'�� ˙˚˝��

˘ 2003Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania

Learn From the Great Teacher

˘ 2003Wachtturm Bibel- und Traktat-Gesellschaft der Zeugen Jehovas, e. V.

Selters/Taunus�hSan d �1WSV\-\ �hSb1Wq

�4/*ZS1B SpZn 6>58 -\/*

�1a]W*bZ\D 'b\ S4/*ZS1 P h*abn ,a1YS`Z\y +S+W1yaV\y ]`\a,1bSb1WnZ\y/1qb1WnZ\abSE V\b\`*q ]`\,\/Sbaq f`SabS*ZaVSYS �,S/1b1WqYS �1-\,m S

]\//1`3S,*1baq /\+`\,\WnZmYS ]\31`b,\,*ZSqYS

˚aWS Z1 dV*4*Z\ SZ*h1E ˚,`1yaVS1 �Sa*ZSq gSbS`dpbaq S4�SZ\/*WnZ\-\ ]1`1,\/* L��ME * �`SabS*ZaVS1 �`1h1aVS1 �Sa*ZSq P S4

w�1`1,\/* Z\,\-\ YS`*xD ˙`d-S1 ]1`1,\/mB �� P ]1`1,\/ *`fSY*Z/`Sb*�*V*`SqC �\� P w�\,`1Y1ZZmy ]1`1,\/xC �� P gSb*b* ]1`1,1/1Z* S4*Z-WSyaV\-\ S4/*ZSq w�,qk1ZZ\1 �Sa*ZS1 P �1`1,\/ Z\,\-\ YS`*x

1V\b\`m1 +S+W1yaVS1 gSb*bm , ob\y VZS-1 ]1`1e`*4S`\,*ZmDZS S4W\31Zm ]`\abmY q4mV\YE hb\+m /1bqY +mW\ W1-h1 Sf ]\Zqbn

Learn From the Great Teacher

Russian (lrOU)

Made in Germany �/1W*Z\ , �1`Y*ZSSDruck und Verlag: Wachtturm-Gesellschaft, Selters/Taunus

��& ��& �

�˚�� ˚�)

��& ��& �

�˚�� ˚�)vw

w�dabSb1 /1b1y ]`Sf\/Sbn V\ YZ1S Z1 ]`1]qbab,dyb1 SYx

L�dVS 5<B5:MD

�˝˙%•E Vb\ ab*Z\,Sbaq \bg\Y SWS Y*b1O`npE dh*ab,d1b , d/S,Sb1WnZ\Y ]`\g1aa1E V\Ob\`my h1W\,1V Z1 Y\31b ]\abShn , ]\WZ\yY1`1D Zdb`S Y*b1`S 4*`\3/*1baq Z\,*q3S4ZnE S , ob\y Z\,\y 3S4ZS 1abn h*abSg*\+\Sf `\/Sb1W1yD �\q,W1ZS1 `1+ �1ZV* Z* a,1bZ*4m,*pb whd/\Y `\3/1ZSqxD�\Z1hZ\ 31E a `\3/1ZS1Y /1b1y Z* `\/SO

b1W1y W\3Sbaq \-`\YZ*q \b,1bab,1ZOZ\abnD �\Z*h*Wd /1bS \h1Zn +1a]\OY\kZm S Zd3/*pbaq , ]\ab\qZZ\y4*+\b1D �/Z*V\ a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y /1bqYb`1+d1baq Z1hb\ +\Wnj11D �Y Z1\+f\O/SY* ]\Y\kn , b\YE hb\+m `*4,S,*bnOaq dYab,1ZZ\E oY\gS\Z*WnZ\E Z`*,Oab,1ZZ\ S /df\,Z\D

˙Wq b\-\ hb\+m ,m`*abS ]\WZ\g1ZZmY h1W\,1V\YE `1+ �1ZVd Z1\+Of\/SY* `\/Sb1WnaV*q Wp+\,nD 1a\YZ1ZZ\E 4*,1`1ZSq , Wp+,S \h1Zn,*3ZmD \ 1k �1 ,*3Z11 ,m`*3*bn Wp+\,n /1W*YSD ˙*E /1bqY Z1\+f\O/SY f\`\jSy ]`SY1` `\/Sb1W1yD �ZS Zd3/*pbaq , Z`*,ab,1ZZ\Y `dOV\,\/ab,1E Sf Z1\+f\/SY\ dhSbn \aZ\,ZmY 3S4Z1ZZmY ]`SZgS]*YD� Z*hSZ*bn ,\a]Sb*ZS1 Zd3Z\ a a*Ymf `*ZZSf W1bD 1/n ]\b\Y Y\O31b +mbn d31 aWSjV\Y ]\4/Z\D �]dk1ZSq , ob\y \+W*abS Z1`1/V\\+\`*hS,*pbaq aW14*YS S `*4\h*`\,*ZS1YD�*Ym1 WdhjS1 ]`SZgS]m a\/1`3*baq , �S+WSSD \a]Sb*ZS1E \aZ\O

,*ZZ\1 Z* +S+W1yaVSf ]`SZgS]*fE SY11b Z1\g1ZSY\1 ]`1SYdk1ab,\D�W*-\/*`q b*V\Yd ,\a]Sb*ZSp `1+ �1Z\V a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y ]\ZSY*1bB b\E h1OYd 1-\ dh*bE Saf\/Sb Z1 \b h1W\,1V*E * \b �\4/*b1Wq P Z*j1-\ Z1+1aOZ\-\ �bg*D b*V\1 Z*ab*,W1ZS1 Z1 SY11b a1+1 `*,ZmfI�S+WSq ]\+d3/*1b `\/Sb1W1y ]`S,S,*bn a,\SY /1bqY ]`*,SWnZm1

Z\`Ym ]\,1/1ZSqD �/Z*V\E ]\ Y1`1 b\-\ V*V `1+ �1Z\V ,4`\aW11bE `\/SOb1WqYE V*V ]`*,SW\E ab*Z\,Sbaq b`d/Z11 \+ad3/*bn a ZSY Z1V\b\`m1,*3Zm1 ,\]`\amD 'b* VZS-*E w�hSan d 1WSV\-\ �hSb1WqxE ]\Y\31b`\/Sb1WqY S4+13*bn ]\/\+Zmf b`d/Z\ab1yD �ZS-* ]\aWd3Sb ,*Y S ,*O

˙ � �˚� �˝˙�(�) �"� ˙˚� ˙

vw

vw

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ 6

j1Yd `1+ �1ZVd ]`1V`*aZmY /df\,ZmY Y*b1`S*W\Y /Wq a\,Y1abZ\-\hb1ZSqD �\W11 b\-\E \Z* a\/1yab,d1b \3S,W �1ZZ\Yd \+Y1Zd YmaWqYSY13/d /1bnYS S b1YSE Vb\ SY 1 �1 hSb*1bD'b* VZS-* ]\+d3/*1b /1b1y ,maV*4m,*bnaqD b1Vab1 ,ab`1h*1baq

YZ\-\ ,\]`\a\,E ]\aW1 V\b\`mf ab\Sb 4Z*V bSWn/* L�MD 'b\b 4Z*V Z*O]\YSZ*1b \ b\YE hb\ Zd3Z\ a/1W*bn ]*d4d S ]\+d/Sbn `1+ �1ZV* ,maV*O4*bn a,\ �1 YZ1ZS1D ˙1bqY Z`*,Sbaq \b,1h*bn Z* ,\]`\amD ˚aWS SY Z1/*,*bn ,\4Y\3Z\abS ,maV*4*bnaqE \ZS +mab`\ b1`qpb SZb1`1a V \+Oad3/*1Y\y b1Y1D \ a*Y\1 -W*,Z\1E obS ,\]`\am ]\Y\-db ,*Y ]\ZqbnE V*V YmaWSb

,*j `1+ �1Z\VD �\Z1hZ\E 1-\ \b,1bm Z1 ,a1-/* +d/db ,1`ZmYSD �/Z*V\b1VabE S/dkSy 4* ,\]`\a*YSE ]\Y\31b `1+ �1ZVd ]`SybS V ]`*,SWnOZmY ,m,\/*YD ob\y VZS-1 +\W11 67> SWWpab`*gSyI � +\WnjSZab,d SWWpab`*gSy

]`S,\/qbaq ,\]`\amE V\b\`m1 ]\+d3/*pb `1+ �1ZV* /*bn \b,1b Z*\aZ\,*ZSS ]`\y/1ZZ\-\ Y*b1`S*W*D �\ob\Yd ,ZSY*b1WnZ\ `*aaY*bO`S,*yb1 ,Y1ab1 a ZSY obS SWWpab`*gSS S \+ad3/*yb1 SfD �ZS ]\aWdO3*b ]`1V`*aZ\y ]\Y\knp , \+dh1ZSS S ]\Y\-db `1+ �1ZVd da,\Sbn,*3Zm1 d`\VSD�\-/* ,*j Y*Wmj Z*dhSbaq hSb*bnE ]\+d3/*yb1 1-\ hSb*bn ,*Y obd

VZS-d ,aWdfE * b*V31 hSb*bn 1 �1 a*Y\ab\qb1WnZ\D �1Y h*k1 \Z +d/1b hSOb*bn obd VZS-dE b1Y +\Wnj1 \Z* +d/1b 4*b`*-S,*bn 1-\ dY S a1`/g1D \/Wq b\-\ hb\+m Y13/d ,*YS V`1]W* Wp+\,n S `\aW\ d,*31ZS1E ,\4nOYSb1 a1+1 4* ]`*,SW\ hSb*bn obd VZS-d a\,Y1abZ\ S /1W*yb1 ob\ `1-dOWq`Z\D�1-\/Zq , YS`1 ]`\Saf\/Sb b\E hb\ 1k �1 Z1aV\WnV\ /1aqbSW1bSy

Z*4*/ V*4*W\an Z1YmaWSYmYB /1bS ]\/,1`-*pbaq \]*aZ\abS ,\,W1hnaq, a1Vad*WnZdp +14Z`*,ab,1ZZ\abnE a]S`SbS4Y S /`d-S1 \b,`*bSb1WnOZm1 4*ZqbSqD �\ob\Yd /1bqY Z1\+f\/SY* 4*kSb*E S ob* VZS-* ]\Y\O31b ,*Y 4*kSbSbn a,\Sf /1b1yD a1 ,\]`\am \+ad3/*pbaq , Z1y a+\WnjSY /\ab\SZab,\YE Z\ , b\ 31 ,`1Yq ]`qY\ S \bV`\,1ZZ\D �h1Zn,*3Z\ ]\+d3/*bn `1+ �1ZV* \+`*k*bnaq V �ab\hZSVd Z*S,maj1y Yd/O`\abSE Z*j1Yd Z1+1aZ\Yd �bgdE �1-\,1 �\-dD �SadaE 1WSVSy �hSOb1WnE ,a1-/* ]\abd]*W ]\/\+ZmY \+`*4\YD �m SaV`1ZZ1 Z*/11YaqE hb\ob* VZS-* ]\Y\31b ,*Y S ,*j1y a1Yn1 ,1abS ah*abWS,dp 3S4ZnE d-\/OZdp �1-\,1D � ]dabn ob\ ]`SZ1a �1b ,*Y ,1hZm1 +W*-\aW\,1ZSqI

xy

xy

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙

7

�W*,* �b`*ZSg*

5 �\h1Yd �Sada +mW 1WSVSY �hSb1W1Y � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5>

6 �SanY\ \b Wp+qk1-\ �\-* � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5:

7 �\bE Vb\ ,a �1 a\b,\`SW � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 65

8 � �\-* 1abn SYq � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6:

9 w'b\ amZ Y\yx � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 76

: 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn aWd3Sb /`d-SY � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 7;

; �\aWdj*ZS1 \f`*Zq1b b1+q � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 86

< ˚abn b1E Vb\ Y\-dk1ab,1ZZ11 Z*a � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 8;

= 1 ]\//*,*yaq SaVdj1ZSqY � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 96

5> �Sada SY11b ,W*abn Z*/ /1Y\Z*YS � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9;

55 �\Y\kn �\3nSf *Z-1W\, � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � :6

56 �Sada dhSb Z*a Y\WSbnaq � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � :;

57 �p/SE V\b\`m1 ab*WS dh1ZSV*YS �Sada* � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ;6

58 �\h1Yd Zd3Z\ ]`\k*bn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ;;

59 �`\V /\+`\bm � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � <6

5: �b\ Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 ,*3Z\ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � <;

5; �*V ab*bn ah*abWS,mY � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � =6

5< 1 4*+m,*1jn WS bm -\,\`Sbn a]*aS+\H � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � =;

5= �`*,SWnZ\ WS /`*bnaqH � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5>6

6> �\h1jn WS bm ,a1-/* +mbn ]1`,mYH � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5>;

65 �`*,SWnZ\ WS f,*ab*bnaqH � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 556

66 �\h1Yd Z1Wn4q W-*bn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 55;

67 �\h1Yd Wp/S +\W1pb � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 566

68 SV\-/* Z1 ab*Z\,San ,\`\YI � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 56;

˙ ��˙˚�˝ �˚ ˙˙ ��˙˚�˝ �˚ ˙

vw

vw

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ 8

��WW**,*,* �b`*ZSg*

69 �\-db WS S4Y1ZSbnaq b1E Vb\ ]\abd]*1b Z1]`*,SWnZ\H � � � 576

6: �\h1Yd b`d/Z\ /1W*bn b\E hb\ ]`*,SWnZ\ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 57;

6; �b\ b,\y �\-H � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 586

6< �*V d4Z*bnE V\-\ aWdj*bnaq � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 58;

6= a1 WS ]`*4/ZSVS d-\/Zm �\-dH � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 596

7> �*V +\`\bnaq a\ ab`*f\Y � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 59;

75 �/1 Z*ybS db1j1ZS1 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5:6

76 �*V �\- 4*kSbSW �Sada* � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5:;

77 �Sada Y\31b Z*a 4*kSbSbn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5;6

78 �b\ ]`\Saf\/SbE V\-/* h1W\,1V dYS`*1bH � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5;;

79 �p/S Y\-db ]`\+d/Sbnaq \b aY1`bSI � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5<6

7: �b\ +d/1b ,\aV`1j �1Z S -/1 +d/db 3Sbn ,\aV`1ajS1H � � � � � 5<;

7; a]\YSZ*q �1-\,d S 1-\ �mZ* � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5=6

7< �\h1Yd Zd3Z\ Wp+Sbn �Sada* � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 5=;

7= �\- Z1 4*+mW a,\1-\ �mZ* � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6>6

8> �*V Y\3Z\ `*/\,*bn �\-* � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 6>;

85 ˙1bSE V\b\`m1 `*/\,*WS �\-* � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 656

86 �\h1Yd Zd3Z\ b`d/Sbnaq � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 65;

87 �b\ Z*jS +`*bnq S a �1ab`mH � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 666

88 ˙`d3S a b1YSE Vb\ Wp+Sb �\-* � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 66;

89 �b\ b*V\1 �*`ab,\ �\-* S V*V ]\V*4*bnEhb\ Ym 31W*1Y 1-\ ]`Sf\/*H � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 676

8: \/* dZShb\3*1b YS`D �\,b\`Sbaq WS ob\ aZ\,*H � � � � � � � � � 67<

8; �bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ `Y*-1//\Z +WS4V\ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 688

8< �m Y\31jn 3Sbn , ]`1V`*aZ\Y Z\,\Y YS`1 �\-*I � � � � � � � 69>

xy

xy

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙˙

˙

˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙9

��˚˚ /,df bmaqh W1b Z*4*/ Z* 41YW1 `\/SWaq Z1\+mhOZmy `1+ �1Z\VD �\-/* \Z ,m`\aE \Z ab*W a*YmY ,1WSVSYh1W\,1V\YE V\b\`my V\-/*OWS+\ 3SWD b1 /*W �1VS1 ,`1O

Y1Z* Z1 +mW\ ZS a*Y\W �1b\,E ZS *,b\Y\+SW1yD 'b\ aWdhSW\an1k �1 /\ b\-\E V*V ]\q,SWSan b1W1,S4\`mE V\Y]npb1`m S �ZOb1`Z1bD

'b\-\ `1+ �1ZV* Z*4,*WS �Sada\YD �Z ab*W a*YmY Yd/`mYh1W\,1V\Y Z* 41YW1D �\W11 b\-\E �Sada ab*W 1k �1 S a*YmY WdhOjSY dhSb1W1YD �Z Y\- \+lqaZSbn b`d/Zm1 ,\]`\am \h1Zn]`\ab\ S ]\ZqbZ\D

�Sada dhSW Wp/1y , a*Ymf `*4Zmf Y1ab*fD �Z dhSW Sf Z*+1`1-d Y\`q S , W\/V1E d ZSf /\Y* S ]\ /\`\-1D � �Sada*Z1 +mW\ Y*jSZmE \Z Z1 14/SW ZS Z* *,b\+da1E ZS Z* ]\14/1D�Z f\/SW ]1jV\Y S dhSW Wp/1yD

�b /`d-Sf Wp/1y Ym d4Z* �1Y \h1Zn YZ\-\1D \ a*Y\Yd,*3Z\Yd Y\3Z\ Z*dhSbnaq b\WnV\ d 1WSV\-\ �hSb1WqE �SOada*D ˚-\ aW\,* 4*]Sa*Zm , �S+WSSD �\-/* Ym aWdj*1Y obSaW\,*E Ym V*V +d/b\ aWmjSY a*Y\-\ �Sada*D

�\h1Yd �Sada +mW 1WSVSY �hSb1W1YH � Z1-\ d a*Y\-\+mW dhSb1WnD �\ob\Yd �Sada 4Z*WE V*V ,*3Z\ dY1bn aWdj*bnD�\-\ 31 aWdj*W �SadaH �b\ +mW 1-\ dhSb1W1YH � ˚-\ �b1gD �b1g �Sada* P �\-D

˙\ b\-\ V*V �Sada ab*W h1W\,1V\Y S ]`Sj �1W Z* 41YWpE \Z3SW a �\-\Y Z* Z1+1D 'bSY�Sada \bWSh*Waq \b /`d-Sf Wp/1yD

xy � � � � � 5 vw

��˚�� %��˚�� ˚�˚�

10

1/n ZSVb\E V`\Y1 Z1-\E Z1 3SW Z* Z1+1 /\ b\-\E V*V `\/SWaqZ* 41YW1D �Sada +mW f\`\jSY �mZ\Y S aWdj*Waq a,\1-\ �bOg*D �\ob\Yd \Z Y\- ]1`1/*bn Wp/qY b\E h1Yd Z*dhSW 1-\ �\-D�\-/* bm aWdj*1jnaq ]*]d S Y*YdE bm ]\/`*3*1jn �SadadD

\ 1abn S /`d-*q ]`ShSZ*E ]\h1Yd �Sada ab*W 1WSVSY�hSb1W1YEP \Z Wp+SW Wp/1yD �Z f\b1W ]\Y\hn SY d4Z*bn \�\-1D �Sada Wp+SW ,4`\aWmfE Z\ \Z b*V31 Wp+SW S /1b1yD� /1bqY Z`*,SW\an +mbn a �Sada\YE ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z `*4-\,*O`S,*W a ZSYS S ,maWdjS,*W SfD

�*VOb\ `\/Sb1OWS ]`S,1WS V �SadOad a,\Sf Y*W1ZnVSf/1b1yD \ 1-\ /`d4nq `1OjSWSE hb\ 1WSVSy �hSb1WnaWSjV\Y 4*ZqbE hb\+m `*4-\,*O`S,*bn a Y*W1ZnVSYSD �\ob\Yd \ZS ]\O]`\aSWS Sf dybSD �*V \bZ1aaq V ob\Yd �SadaH � �ZaV*4*WB w�dabSb1 /1b1y ]`Sf\/Sbn V\ YZ1C Z1 ]`1]qbab,dyb1SYxD ˙*E �Sada f\b1WE hb\+m V Z1Yd ]`Sf\/SWS Y*W1ZnVS1/1bSD � f\bq �Sada +mW \h1Zn Yd/`mY S S4,1abZmYE \Z d/1OWqW ,`1Yq b\YdE hb\+m dhSbn /1b1y L�*`V* 5>B57E 58MD

�\h1Yd /1bqYZ`*,SW\an +mbn

a �Sada\YH

��˚�� %� ˚�� ˚�˚�

11

4Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd �Sada dhSW /1b1y S ,maWdjS,*W SfH �Zf\b1W a/1W*bn Sf ah*abWS,mYSD �Y1ZZ\ ]\ob\Yd \Z `*aaV*O4m,*W SY \ �\-1E \ a,\ �1Y Z1+1aZ\Y �bg1D V*V bm Y\31jna/1W*bn Wp/1y ah*abWS,mYSH � �*aaV*4m,*y SY b\E hb\ d4Z*O�1jn \ �\-1D

�/Z*3/m �Sada ]`1]\/*W a,\SY /`d4nqY ,*3Zmy d`\V Z*]`SY1`1 Y*W1ZnV\-\ `1+ �1ZV*D �\/\4,*, V a1+1 Y*Wmj*E \Z]\ab*,SW 1-\ ]\a`1/S a,\Sf dh1ZSV\,D 4*b1Y aV*4*W obSY,4`\aWmY Yd3hSZ*YE hb\+m \ZS S4Y1ZSWSan S ab*WS ]\f\O3SYS Z* Y*W1ZnV\-\ `1+ �1ZV*D

�1Yd �Sada f\b1W Sf Z*dhSbnH V*V\Y aYmaW1 ,4`\aWmYWp/qY S /*31 /1bqY ]\ab*`j1 Zd3Z\ ab*bn ]\f\3SYS Z*Y*W1ZnVSfH � �*W1ZnVSy `1+ �1Z\V 4Z*1b Y1Znj1E h1Y ,4`\aOWm1E S ]\ob\Yd -\b\, dhSbnaqD �Sada f\b1W \+lqaZSbn a,\SYdh1ZSV*YE V*V ,*3Z\ +mbn b*VSYS 31 aYS`1ZZmYSE V*V Y*OW1ZnVS1 /1bSD ˙*E Ym Y\31Y YZ\-\Yd Z*dhSbnaq d /`d-SfWp/1yD � Ym /\W3Zm ]\ZSY*bnB b\E h1Yd dhSW �SadaE Z*O

YZ\-\ ,*3Z11 Z*j1-\ a\+ab,1ZZ\-\ YZ1ZSq L�*bOe1q 5<B5P9MD

�Sada +mW 1WSVSY �hSb1W1Y 1k �1 S ]\Ob\YdE hb\ \Z dY1W /1W*bn a,\S `*aaV*4mSZb1`1aZmYS /Wq /`d-SfD �Z -\,\`SW\h1Zn ]`\ab\ S qaZ\D �b\+m ]\Y\hnWp/qY d4Z*bn \ �\-1E \Z `*aaV*4m,*W\ ]bSg*fE g,1b*f S \ YZ\-\Y /`dO-\YE hb\ +mW\ SY f\`\j\ 4Z*V\Y\D

�1Yd ,4`\aWm1 S /1bS ]\ab*`j1Y\-db Z*dhSbnaq Z* ]`SY1`1Y*W1ZnV\-\ `1+ �1ZV*H

12

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

�/Z*3/mE V\-/* �Sada Z*f\/SWaq Z* aVW\Z1 -\`mE V Z1Yd]`SjW\ YZ\31ab,\ Wp/1yD �\-/* �Sada a1W S ]`\S4Z �1a `1hnESWS ]`\]\,1/nD 'b\b aWdh*y S4\+`*3 �1Z Z* V*`bSZV1D �1hn�Sada* +mW* Z*4,*Z* *-\`Z\y ]`\]\,1/npD �Sada aV*4*WBw�\aY\b`Sb1 Z* ]bSgE W1b*pkSf , Z1+1D �ZS Z1 a*3*pb a1OY1Z*D �ZS Z1 a\+S`*pb d`\3*y , f`*ZSWSk*D \ �\-E V\b\O`my 3S, �1b Z* Z1+1a*fE V\`YSb SfD �*4,1 ,m Z1 g1ZZ11 ]bSgHx

˛*b1Y �Sada /\+*,SWB w�\dhSb1an d ]\W1,mf WSWSyD �ZS`*abdbE /*31 Z1 b`d/qanD � ]\aY\b`Sb1E V*VS1 \ZS V`*aS,m1I˙*31 +\-*bmy g*`n �\W\Y\Z Z1 \/1,*Waq b*V 31 V`*aS,\EV*V obS WSWSS , ]\W1D ˚aWS �\- b*V \/1,*1b g,1bmE Z1d31WS\Z Z1 ]\4*+\bSbaq \ ,*aHx L�*be1q :B69P77MD

�\ZqW WS bmE h1Yd dhSW 4/1an �SadaH � �Z f\b1WE hb\+mYm Z1 +1a]\V\SWSan \ b\YE hb\ Z*Y 1abn S ,\ hb\ \/1,*bnaqD�\- 4Z*1bE hb\ Z*Y ,a �1 ob\ Z1\+f\/SY\D �Sada Z1 SY1W , ,S/dE

�1Yd f\b1W Z*dhSbn Z*a �SadaZ* ]`SY1`1 ]bSg S g,1b\,H

13

hb\ Z*Y Z1 Z*/\ `*+\b*bnD 1bE \Z -\,\`SW \ b\YE hb\ �\- /\WO31Z +mbn -W*,ZmY , Z*j1y 3S4ZSD ˚aWS ob\ b*VE �\-E a\ a,\O1y ab\`\ZmE ]\4*+\bSbaq \ b\YE hb\+m d Z*a +mW* ]Sk* S\/13/*D �m , ob\ ,1`SjnH �

\ V*V Wp/S \bZ1aWSan V aW\,*Y �Sada*H � �S+WSS -\O,\`SbaqE hb\ \ZS ]\`*3*WSan b\YdE V*V dhSW �SadaD �Y +mW\\h1Zn SZb1`1aZ\ 1-\ aWdj*bnD �\E hb\ -\,\`SW �SadaE ]\Y\-*OW\ SY ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\ L�*be1q ;B6<MD

w'b\ �mZ Y\yDDDaWdj*yb1 1-\xD

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

˙*E dhSbnaq d �Sada* \h1Zn ,*3Z\D \ V*V Ym Y\31Y1-\ daWmj*bnH � ˚-\ aW\,* +mWS 4*]Sa*Zm , VZS-dD ˛Z*1jnEhb\ ob\ 4* VZS-*H � 'b\ �S+WSqD ZSY*b1WnZ\ hSb*q �S+OWSpE Ym aY\31Y aWdj*bn �Sada*D �S+WSS `*aaV*4m,*O1baq d/S,Sb1WnZ*q Sab\`Sq \ b\YE V*V �\- \/Z*3/m a*YaV*4*WE hb\+m Ym aWdj*WS �Sada*D ˙*,*y d4Z*1YE V*V ob\]`\S4\jW\D

�*VOb\ `*4 �Sada ,4qW b` �1f a,\Sf /`d41y Z* ,ma\Vdp -\`dD�f 4,*WS �*V\,E �\*ZZ S � �1b`D �\4/Z11 Ym d4Z*1Y +\Wnj1\+ obSf Wp/qfE ]\aV\WnVd \ZS +mWS +WS4VSYS /`d4nqYS �SOada*D \ , b\b `*4 aWdhSW\an hb\Ob\ Z1,1`\qbZ\1I �Sg\ �SadOa* ,/`d- 4*aSqW\E V*V a\WZg1E * 1-\ \/13/*E ]\/\+Z\ a,1bdEab*W* \aW1]Sb1WnZ\ +1W\yE V*V ob\ ]\V*4*Z\ 4/1an Z* V*`ObSZV1D

/`d- �Sada S 1-\ /`d4nq daWmj*WS -\W\a a Z1+*B w'b\ �mZY\y ,\4Wp+W1ZZmyE V\b\`\-\ q \/\+`qpE aWdj*yb1 1-\xL�*be1q 5;B5P9MD ˛Z*1jnE h1y ob\ +mW -\W\aH � �\W\a a*Y\-\�\-*I ˙*E a*Y �\- aV*4*WE hb\+m \ZS aWdj*WS 1-\ �mZ*D

YmH �d/1Y WS Ym ]`\q,Wqbn ]\aWdj*ZS1 �\-d S aWdj*bn1-\ �mZ*E 1WSV\-\ �hSb1WqH � *Y ,a1Y Zd3Z\ ob\ /1W*bnD�\YZSjnE V*V Ym Y\31Y daWmj*bn �Sada*H �

˙*E Ym Y\31Y aWdj*bn �\3n1-\ �mZ*E hSb*q , �S+WSS SaOb\`SS \ 1-\ 3S4ZSD �V\WnV\ 31 ,a1-\ SZb1`1aZ\-\ Y\31bZ*Y `*aaV*4*bn 1WSVSy �hSb1WnI �1+1 \h1Zn ]\Z`*,Sbaqd4Z*,*bn ,a �1E hb\ 4*]Sa*Z\ , �S+WSSD � bm ab*Z1jn 1k �1ah*abWS,11E 1aWS +d/1jn `*aaV*4m,*bn a,\SY /`d4nqY \ b\Y]`1V`*aZ\YE h1Yd bm Z*dhSWaqD

�b\+m 1k �1 `*4 d+1/Sbnaq , b\YE Z*aV\WnV\ ]\W14Z\ aWdj*bn�Sada*E \bV`\y a,\p �S+WSp S ]`\hSb*y �\*ZZ* 7B5:C <B6<P7>S ˙1qZSq 8B56D

��˚�� %� ˚�� ˚�˚�

15

��) VZS3V* d b1+q a*Y*q Wp+SY*qH � 1V\b\`mY/1bqY Z`*,qbaq VZS-S \ 3S,\bZmfD ˙`d-S1 Wp+qbVZS3VS a V*`bSZV*YSD �Sb*bn b*VS1 VZS-S \h1Zn

SZb1`1aZ\D

\ a*Ym1 WdhjS1 , YS`1 VZS-SP ob\ b1E , V\b\`mf `*aaV*O4m,*1baq SabSZ* \ �\-1D �/Z* S4 ZSf P a*Y*q /`*-\g1ZZ*qD˛Z*1jnE V*V \Z* Z*4m,*1baqH � 'b\ �S+WSqD

�\h1Yd �S+WSq b*V ,*3Z*H � �\b\Yd hb\ ob\ VZS-* \b �\O-*D Z1y `*aaV*4m,*1baq \ �\-1 S \ b\Y ]`1V`*aZ\YE hb\ \Z/Wq Z*a a/1W*1bD Z1y b*V31 \+lqaZq1baqE V*V ,1abS a1+qE hb\O+m `*/\,*bn �\-*D �S+WSp Y\3Z\ Z*4,*bn ]SanY\Y \b �\-*D

�\- Y\- +m Z*]Sa*bn ,ap �S+WSp d a1+q Z* Z1+1E * 4*b1Y ]\O/*`Sbn 1 �1 Wp/qYD \ \Z b*V Z1 a/1W*WD Y1ab\ ob\-\ Z*]Sa*OZS1 +\Wnj1y h*abS �S+WSS \Z ]\`dhSW a,\SY aWd3Sb1WqY Z*41YW1E Z\ , b\ 31 ,`1Yq \Z a*Y `1j*WE \ h �1Y Zd3Z\ +mW\ `*aOaV*4*bn , ob\y VZS-1D

�*V 31 �\- ]1`1/*,*W Wp/qY SZe\`Y*gSpH � ˙*,*y ]\/dOY*1YD �\-/* Ym aWmjSY ]\ `*/S\ h1yOb\ -\W\aE Ym 4Z*1YE hb\h1W\,1VE V\b\`my -\,\`SbE Z*f\/SbaqE ,\4Y\3Z\E \h1Zn /*W1V\\b Z*aD �\ b1W1,S4\`d Ym Y\31Y ,S/1bn Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 3SO,db , /`d-Sf ab`*Z*f YS`*E S aWmj*bnE hb\ \ZS -\,\`qbD

* V\aYSh1aVSf V\`*+Wqf Wp/S Y\-db /*31 W1b*bn Z* �dZdS ]\amW*bn \bbd/* a\\+k1ZSq Z* ˛1YWpD �m 4Z*W \+ ob\YH � \ 1aWS ob\ ]\/ aSWd Wp/qYE Z1d31WS �\- Z1 Y\31b ]\aW*bna\\+k1ZS1 a Z1+*H � �\Z1hZ\E Y\31bI � \Z a/1W*W ob\ 1k �14*/\W-\ /\ b\-\E V*V h1W\,1V ]`S/dY*W `*/S\ S b1W1,S4\`D

xy � � � � � 6 vw

��&�� (�)#˚��

16

�/Z\-\ h1W\,1V*E a V\b\`mY `*4-\,*`S,*W �\-E 4,*WS �\SOa1yD �\Sa1y Z1 Y\- ,S/1bn �\-*E \Z WSjn aWmj*W 1-\ -\W\aDY1ab1 a ZSY -\W\a �\-* aWmj*WS YSWWS\Zm Wp/1yD b\b Y\OY1Zb `*4/*Waq -`\YE 4*a,1`V*WS Y\WZSS S 4*b`qaW*an -\`*D�p/S ]\ZqWSE hb\ ob\ -\,\`SW a*Y �\-D �ZS aSWnZ\ Sa]d-*WSanS ab*WS dY\Wqbn �\Sa1qB w 1 Z*/\E hb\+m �\- -\,\`SW a Z*YSE]\b\Yd hb\ Ym +\SYaq dY1`1bnxD �\4/Z11 �\Sa1y 4*]Sa*W,a �1E hb\ aV*4*W 1Yd �\-D a1-\/Zq obS aW\,* Ym Y\31Y ]`\hSOb*bn , �S+WSS L�af\/ 6>B5<P65MD

�\Sa1y Z*]Sa*W ]1`,m1 ]qbn VZS- �S+WSSD \ \Z +mWZ1 1/SZab,1ZZmYE Vb\ ]Sa*W �S+WSpD �\- ]\`dhSW ob\ 4*/*ZS1\V\W\ 8> Yd3hSZ*YD 'bS Wp/S 3SWS \h1Zn /*,Z\E S ]`\jW\

�bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ �\- Y\- -\,\`Sbn a Wp/nYS a \h1Zn+\Wnj\-\ `*aab\qZSqH

��&�� (�)#˚��

YZ\-\ ,`1Y1ZSE ]`13/1 h1Y �S+WSq +mW* 4*V\Zh1Z*D ˙*E /Wqob\-\ ]\b`1+\,*W\an \V\W\ 5:>> W1bI � hb\ a*Y\1 d/S,Sb1WnOZ\1E Z1V\b\`m1 S4 obSf Wp/1y ZSV\-/* Z1 ,ab`1h*WSan /`d-a /`d-\YE \/Z*V\ ,a �1E Z*]Sa*ZZ\1 SYSE ]\WZ\abnp a\-W*ad1baqD

1V\b\`m1 S4 b1fE V\Yd �\- /\,1`SW ]Sa*bn �S+WSpE +mWSS4,1abZmYS Wp/nYSD �\bq �\Sa1y \/Z\ ,`1Yq +mW ]*abdf\YE]\4/Z11 \Z ab*W ,\3/ �1Y Z*`\/* �4`*SWnD �\W\Y\Z +mW g*` �1YE\Z ab*W a*YmY Yd/`mY S a*YmY +\-*bmY h1W\,1V\Y Z* 41YW1D�/Z*V\ Z1 ,a1 ]Sa*b1WS �S+WSS +mWS 4Z*Y1ZSbmYSD Y\aE Z*O]`SY1`E df*3S,*W 4* aSV\Y\`*YS P /1`1,nqYSE ]W\/m V\b\O`mf Z*]\YSZ*pb SZ3S`D

˙`d-\y ]Sa*b1Wn �S+WSS +mW ,`*h\YD ˛Z*1jnE V*V 1-\ 4,*OWSH � �dV*D �mW b*V31 S a+\`kSV Z*W\-\,D ˚-\ SYq P �*bOe1yD \/SZ h1W\,1V +mW p`Sab\YE 4Z*b\V\Y Sd/1yaV\-\ `1WSO-S\4Z\-\ 4*V\Z*D �Z Z*]Sa*W +\Wnj1 ,a1-\ VZS- �S+WSSD˛Z*1jnE V*V 1-\ SYqH � ˚-\ 4,*WS �*,1WD �h1ZSVS 31 �Sada*� �1b` S �\*ZZE V\b\`m1 b\31 dh*ab,\,*WS , Z*]Sa*ZSS �S+OWSSE +mWS `m+*V*YSD

�Z\-S1 S4 obSf Wp/1y ]Sa*WS \ b\YE hb\ �\- a/1W*1b , +dO/dk1YD \ V*V \ZS d4Z*WSE hb\ ]`\S4\y/ �1bH � �+ ob\Y SY`*aaV*4*W �\-D

� b\Yd ,`1Y1ZSE V\-/* �SadaE 1WSVSy �hSb1WnE ]`Sj �1WZ* 41YWpE + ‹\Wnj*q h*abn �S+WSS +mW* d31 Z*]Sa*Z*D a]\YOZSE hb\ 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn ]`13/1 3SW Z* Z1+1D �Z ,S/1W ,a �1Ehb\ /1W*W �\-D 1`SW WS \ZE hb\ �S+WSq P ob\ VZS-* \b �\-*H � 1a\YZ1ZZ\I

�\-/* �Sada `*aaV*4m,*W Wp/qY \ /1W*f �\-*E \Z 4*hSbm,*WSY aW\,* S4 �S+WSSD �Z\-/* \Z ]`\S4Z\aSW aW\,* S4 �S+WSS]\ ]*YqbSD �\W11 b\-\E �Sada ]1`1/*W Z*Y \h1Zn YZ\-\ YmaOW1y \b �\-*D �Z aV*4*WB w�b\ q aWmj*W \b Z1-\E b\ S -\,\`pYS`dx L�\*ZZ* <B6:MD �Sada \h1Zn YZ\-\1 aWmj*W \b �\-*E

18

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

]\b\Yd hb\ 3SW ,Y1ab1 a ZSY Z* Z1+1D -/1Ym Y\31Y ]`\hSb*bn aW\,* �Sada*H � �S+OWSSD a �1E \ h �1Y -\,\`SW �SadaE +mW\ 4*]Sa*Z\Ehb\+m Ym Y\-WS ob\ ]`\hSb*bnD

�\Z1hZ\ 31E S4+`*ZZm1 �\-\Y Wp/S]Sa*WS Z* a,\ �1Y `\/Z\Y q4mV1D� ‹\Wnj*q h*abn �S+WSS +mW*Z*]Sa*Z* Z* 1,`1yaV\Yq4mV1E hb\Ob\ P Z* *`*OY1yaV\YE \ab*WnZ*q 311 �1 h*abn P Z* -`1h1aV\YD�\aV\WnVd +\WnjSZab,\Wp/1y a1-\/Zq Z1 dY1pb hSOb*bn Z* obSf q4mV*fE �S+WSq+mW* ]1`1,1/1Z* Z* /`d-S1q4mVSD �1-\/Zq \b/1WnZm1 h*OabS �S+WSS Y\3Z\ ]`\hSb*bn+\W11 h1Y Z* 66:> q4mV*fD �\WnOV\ ]\/dY*yE V*V*q ob\ \-`\YZ*q gSOe`*I �S+WSq P ob\ ]SanY\ �\-* V\ ,a1YWp/qYE -/1 +m \ZS ZS 3SWSD � aV\WnV\ +m1 �1 ZS ]1`1,\/SWS Z* /`d-S1 q4mVSE \Z*,a �1 `*,Z\ \ab* �1baq VZS-\y \b �\-*D

a �1E hb\ Z*]Sa*Z\ , �S+WSSE\h1Zn ,*3Z\ /Wq Z*aD 'b*VZS-* +mW* Z*]Sa*Z*\h1Zn /*,Z\D \

*V 4\,db obSf]Sa*b1W1y�S+WSSH

��&�� (�)#˚��

, Z1y `*aaV*4m,*1baq \ b\YE hb\ ]`\Saf\/Sb , Z*j1 ,`1YqD 1k �1 , Z1y -\,\`Sbaq \ b\YE hb\ �\- a/1W*1b , aV\`\Y +d/dOk1YD �*V*q 31 ob\ ]`1V`*aZ*q ,1abnI �Z* /*`Sb Z*Y 4*Y1h*Ob1WnZdp Z*/13/dD

�4 �S+WSS Ym b*V31 d4Z* �1YE V*V Zd3Z\ 3SbnE hb\+m `*/\O,*bn �\-*D Z1y \+lqaZq1baqE hb\ f\`\j\E * hb\ ]W\f\D 'b\,*3Z\ 4Z*bn V*3/\YdB S b1+1E S YZ1D �S+WSS `*aaV*4mO

,*1baq \ Wp/qfE V\b\`m1 ,1WS a1+q Z1]`*,SWnZ\E S\ b\YE hb\ a ZSYS ]`\Saf\/SW\D a �1 ob\ ]\O

Y\31b Z*Y S4+13*bn Z1]`SqbZ\ab1yE, V\b\`m1 ]\]*/*WS obS Wp/SD \ , Z1y b*V31 `*aaV*4m,*1baq\ b1fE Vb\ ]\abd]*W ]`*,SWnZ\E S\ b\YE V*Vdp ob\ ]`SZ\aSW\ SY]\Wn4dD ˙*E ,a �1E hb\ Z*]Sa*Z\, �S+WSSE \h1Zn ]\W14Z\D

\ hb\+m �S+WSq ]`SZ1aW*Z*Y ]\Wn4dE ,*3Z\ 4Z*bn \b,1b Z* \/SZ,\]`\aB Vb\ /*W Z*Y �S+WSpH �b\ \b,1ObSW +m bmH � 1`Z\E �S+WSp /*W Z*Y

�\-D V*V Z*Y ]\V*4*bnE hb\ Ym ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd Yd/`mH� *YZ*/\ aWdj*bnaq �\-* S /1W*bn ,a �1E hb\ \Z Z*Y ,1WSbD

*Y Zd3Z\ \+q4*b1WnZ\ ,m/1Wqbn ,`1YqE hb\+m ,Y1ab1 hSOb*bn �S+WSpD �\-/* Ym ]\Wdh*1Y ]SanY\ \b b\-\E V\-\ \h1ZnWp+SYE Ym ]1`1hSbm,*1Y ob\ ]SanY\ Z1aV\WnV\ `*4D 1/n \Z\Z*Y /\`\-\D �*V 31 S a �S+WS1yE ,1/n ob* VZS-* P ]SanY\ \b�\-\E Vb\ Z*a \h1Zn Wp+SbD 'b\ ]SanY\ \b Wp+qk1-\ �\-*D

b1]1`n ]`\hSb*yE ]\3*Wdyab*E obS Y1ab* �Sa*ZSqE ]\V*O4m,*pkS1E hb\ �S+WSq P ob\ Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 �W\,\ �\-*E V\b\O`\1 Z*]Sa*Z\ /Wq Z*j1y ]\Wn4mB �SYWqZ*Y 59B8C 6 �SY\e1p 7B5:E5; S 6 �1b`* 5B6>E 65D

�1Yd bm Y\31jnZ*dhSbnaq S4 �S+WSSH

20

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

) ˛ ( V\1Ohb\ d/S,Sb1WnZ\1D �\h1jn `*aaV*3dH ��\aY\b`S Z* a,\p `dVdD �\3YS ]*WnhSVSD b1]1`n,\4nYS hb\OZS+d/nD �,\S `dVS Y\-db /1W*bn \h1Zn

YZ\-\1E \ZS f\`\jS1 ]\Y\kZSVSD ˛Z*1jnEVb\ Sf a/1W*WH �

1`Z\E ob\ �\bE Vb\ a\b,\`SW Z*j`\bE Z\a S -W*4*D 'b\ �\-E �b1g 1WSOV\-\ �hSb1WqD �*V 31 ]`1V`*aZ\E hb\ dZ*a 1abn -W*4*E ]`*,/*H � 1/n Ym Y\O31Y ,S/1bn ,a �1 ,\V`d-D �m Y\31YaY\b`1bn Z* g,1bmE Z* 41W �1Zdp b`*,dS -\Wd+\1 Z1+\D �m /*31 Y\31Y `*4O-Wq/1bn Y*W1ZnVSf -\W\/Zmf ]b1ZOhSV\, Z* ob\y V*`bSZV1D �*V 314*Y1h*b1WnZ\E hb\ Ym Y\31Y ab\WnV\,a1-\ ,S/1bnE ]`*,/*H �

\ \bVd/* ,a �1 ob\ ,4qW\anH �\31bEob\ a/1W*W V*V\yOZS+d/n h1W\,1VH 1bD�1W\,1V Y\31b ]\ab`\Sbn /\YD \ ZSVb\S4 Wp/1y Z1 Y\31b a/1W*bn Z*ab\qkdp b`*O,dD �1W\,1V Z1 Y\31b a/1W*bn Y*W1ZnV\-\ ]b1ZhSV* SWS g,1Ob\VE \Z Z1 Y\31b a/1W*bn ZSh1-\ 3S,\-\D �m 4Z*W \+ ob\YH �

a �1 ob\ a\4/*W �\-D �\- a\b,\`SW Z1+\ S 41YWpD �Z b*V31/*W 3S4Zn Wp/qYD �Z a\4/*W ]1`,\-\ Yd3hSZd S ]1`,dp 31ZOkSZdD 'b\Yd dhSW �SadaE 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn L�*be1q 5=B8P:MD

\ V*V �Sada d4Z*WE hb\ �\- a\4/*W ]1`,mf Yd3hSZd S31ZkSZdH S/1W WS \ZE V*V �\- ob\ /1W*WH � �\Z1hZ\E

xy � � � � � 7 vw

�E �� ˚ ��

b\ a\b,\`SW,a �1 3S,\1H

21

,1/n �Sada , b\b Y\Y1Zb Z*f\/SWaq `q/\Y a �\-\YD �Sada+mW ]1`,mYE V\-\ a\4/*W �\-D �Sada +mW *Z-1W\Y S 3SW Z* Z1O+1 ,Y1ab1 a\ a,\SY �bg\YD

�S+WSS Z*]Sa*Z\E hb\ �\- aV*4*WB w�\b,\`SY h1W\,1V*xL�mbS1 5B6:MD ˛Z*1jnE V\Yd �\- ob\ -\,\`SWH � �Z \+`*k*WaqV a,\1Yd �mZdD �Z aV*4*W ob\ b\YdE Vb\ ]\4/Z11 ]`Sj �1W Z*41YWp S ab*W �Sada\YD

�*4,1 ob\ Z1 ]\`*4Sb1WnZ\H �m b\WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nB V\-/* YmaWdj*1Y �Sada*E Ym dhSYaq d b\-\E Vb\ 3SW ,Y1ab1 a �\-\YEV\-/* �\- a\4/*,*W 41YWp S ,a �1 ,\V`d-D �Sada YZ\-\Yd Z*OdhSWaqE `*+\b*q Z* Z1+1 ,Y1ab1 a\ a,\SY �bg\YD 1d/S,SOb1WnZ\E hb\ �Sada ab*W 1WSVSY �hSb1W1YI

�*V bm /dY*1jnE +mW WS �\- Z1ah*abWS, S hd,ab,\,*W WS\Z a1+q \/SZ\V\ /\ b\-\E V*V a\b,\`SW a,\1-\ �mZ*H � 1bD

˚aWS /\Y Z1 Y\31b ]\ab`\Sbnaq a*Y]\ a1+1E Vb\ 31 b\-/* a\4/*W g,1bmE

/1`1,nq S 3S,\bZmfH

22

\ 1aWS \Z Z1 +mW \/SZ\VE b\-/* ]\h1Yd \Z Z*h*W b,\`SbnH ��Z a\4/*W ,a �1 3S,\1E ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z Wp+qkSy �\-D �Z f\b1WEhb\+m /`d-S1 b\31 3SWS S `*/\,*WSan 3S4ZSD �m /\W3Zm+W*-\/*`Sbn �\-* 4* b\E hb\ \Z ]\/*`SW Z*Y 3S4ZnD

\ ,a �1YE hb\ �\- a\b,\`SWE ,S/Z* 1-\ Wp+\,nD �\- a\b,\`SWa\WZg1D �\WZg1 /*`Sb Z*Y a,1b S b1]W\D �14 a\WZg* ,a �1 4*OY �1`4W\ +mE S Z* 41YW1 +mW\ +m Z1,\4Y\3Z\ 3SbnD �`*,/*E f\O`\j\E hb\ �\- a\4/*W a\WZg1H �

�\- b*V31 ]\4*+\bSWaq \ b\YE hb\+m j �1W /\3/nD �Z\-/*b1+1 Y\31b Z1 Z`*,SbnaqE hb\ S/ �1b /\3/nE ,1/n ,\ ,`1Yq /\3O/q Z1 ,mybS ]\S-`*bn Z* dWSgdD �/Z*V\ /\3/n ]\Y\-*1b `*aObS g,1b*YD �1]1`nE V\-/* bm d,S/Sjn V`*aS,m1 g,1bmE V\-\bm +d/1jn 4* ZSf +W*-\/*`SbnH � �\-*D V\Yd Ym aV*31Ya]*aS+\E V\-/* +d/1Y 1abn ,VdaZm1 e`dVbm S \,\kSH ��\Z1hZ\ 31E �\-dD 1/n \ZS `*abdb +W*-\/*`q 1-\ a\WZgd S/\3/pD

1aWS b1+q a]`\aqbB w�`*,/* WSE hb\ Wp/1y S 3S,\bZmfb\31 a\4/*W �\-Hx �b\ bm \b,1bSjnH � �`*,SWnZ\ +d/1b aV*O4*bnB w˙*E �\- a\b,\`SW Wp/1y S 3S,\bZmfxD 1aWS Vb\Ob\ Z1]\,1`SbE hb\ Wp/1y a\4/*W �\-H �b\E 1aWS b*V\y h1W\,1V aV*O31bE +d/b\ Wp/S ]`\S4\jWS \b 3S,\bZmfH \ �S+WSq ob\YdZ1 dhSbD Z1y aV*4*Z\E hb\ ,a �1 3S,\1 a\4/*W �\- L�mbS15B6:P75MD

\ Vb\Ob\ Y\31b ,\4`*4SbnB w q Z1 ,1`p , �\-*xD �*Vbdb +mbnH � �\V*3S b*V\Yd h1W\,1Vd Z* /\Y S a]`\aS 1-\Bw�b\ a/1W*W ob\b /\YHx �p+\y a\-W*aSbaqE hb\ /\Y Vb\Ob\ ]\Oab`\SWD 1/n /\Y Z1 Y\- ]\q,Sbnaq a*Y ]\ a1+1IL˚,`1qY 7B8MD

�b,1/S b*V\-\ h1W\,1V* , a*/ S ]\OV*3S 1Yd g,1b\VD �]`\aS 1-\B w�b\a/1W*W ob\b g,1b\VHx 'b\ Z1 Y\- +mbn

��E �� ˚ ��

23

h1W\,1VD � V*V /\Y Z1 Y\- ]\ab`\Sbnaq a*Y ]\ a1+1E b*V Sg,1b\V Z1 Y\- ]\q,Sbnaq a*Y a\+\yD �b\Ob\ /\W31Z +mW 1-\a\b,\`SbnD ˙*E g,1b\V a\4/*W �\-D

�\]`\aS ob\-\ h1W\,1V* \ab*Z\,Sbnaq S ]\aWdj*bnE V*Vk1+1hdb ]bSgmD 4*b1Y a]`\aSB w�b\ a\4/*W ]bSg S Z*dhSWSf ]1bnHx 'b\ a/1W*W �\-D ˙*E ob\ �\- a\b,\`SW Z1+\E S 41YWpES ,a �1 3S,\1I �\- /*W ,a1Yd 3S4ZnD

\ Vb\Ob\ Y\31b aV*4*bnE hb\ \Z ,1`Sb WSjn , b\E hb\,S/SbD w�\V* Z1 d,S3dE Z1 ]\,1`pxEP ,\4`*4Sb b*V\y h1OW\,1VD ˙*E Z1V\b\`m1 Z1 ,1`qb , �\-*E ]\b\Yd hb\ Z1 ,S/qb1-\D

'b\ ]`*,/*E hb\ Ym Z1 Y\31Y ,S/1bn �\-*D �S+WSS -\,\O`SbaqE hb\ ZS \/SZ h1W\,1V Z1 Y\31b d,S/1bn �\-*D SVb\ Z*41YW1 P ZS Yd3hSZmE ZS 31ZkSZmE ZS /1bS P Z1 Y\31bd,S/1bn �\-*D �\ob\Yd ZSVb\ Z1 /\W31Z ]mb*bnaq Z*`Sa\,*bnSWS ,mW1]Sbn S4\+`*31ZS1 �\-*D �\- a*Y ]\,1W1W Z1 /1W*bn1-\ S4\+`*31ZSqD �\ob\Yd �\-d Z1 ]\Z`*,SbaqE 1aWS d Z*a /\OY* +d/db Z*f\/Sbnaq b*VS1 ]`1/Y1bm L�af\/ 6>B8E 9C 77B6>C�\*ZZ* 5B5<MD

\ 1aWS d,S/1bn �\-* Z1,\4Y\3Z\E \bVd/* 31 b\-/* Ym 4Z*O1YE hb\ \Z adk1ab,d1bH ˙*,*y ]\/dY*1YD �\31jn WS bm d,SO/1bn ,1b1`H � �\Z1hZ\E Z1bD SVb\ Z1 Y\31b ,S/1bn ,1b1`D \bm Y\31jn d,S/1bn b\E hb\ /1W*1b ,1b1`D *]`SY1`E V*V V*h*Opbaq ,1bVS /1`1,n1, S V\Wmjdbaq WSabnqD �\ob\Yd bm d,1`1ZEhb\ ,1b1` adk1ab,d1bD

�*VSY 31 \+`*4\Y Ym Y\31Y ,S/1bn /1W* �\-*D ˝S,\yg,1b\V SWS ]bShV* P ,a �1 ob\ a\4/*W �\-D �\ob\Yd Ym ,1`SYEhb\ �\- Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 adk1ab,d1bD

�b\Ob\E ,\4Y\3Z\E a]`\aSbB w Vb\ a/1W*W a\WZg1 S 41YOWpHx �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w�\b,\`SW �\- Z1+\ S 41YWpx

24

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

L�mbS1 5B5MD ˙*E ,a �1 ]`1V`*aZ\1 a\4/*W �\-D �*VS1 hd,ab,* ob\d b1+q ,m4m,*1bH �

�*V 31 hd/1aZ\ 3SbnI �m Y\31Y aWmj*bn ]`1V`*aZ\1 ]1OZS1 ]bSgE ,\afSk*bnaq g,1b*YS S ,a1Y b1YE hb\ a\4/*W �\-D aV\WnV\ ,a1-\ ,VdaZ\-\ 1abn Z* a,1b1I

˛* ,a1 obS ,1WSV\W1]Zm1 /*`m Ym /\W3Zm -\,\`Sbn �\-da]*aS+\D a*Ymy g1ZZmy ]\/*`\V �\-* P ob\ Z*j* 3S4ZnD˚aWS Ym ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd +W*-\/*`Zm �\-dE Ym 4*f\bSY /WqZ1-\ hb\Ob\ a/1W*bnD �*V bm /dY*1jn hb\H � *Y Zd3Z\ aWdOj*bnaq �\-* S /1W*bn ,a �1E \ h �1Y \Z ]`\aSb Z*a , �S+WSSD �*VYm ]\V*31YE hb\ \h1Zn Wp+SY �\-\E Vb\ a\4/*W ,a �1D

m /\W3Zm ]`\q,Wqbn ]`S4Z*b1WnZ\abn V �\-d 4* ,a �1E hb\ \Z/Wq Z*a a/1W*WD �\ V*VH �`\hSb*yE hb\ Z*]Sa*Z\ , obSf abSOf*fB �a*W\Y 57<B58C �\*ZZ* 8B67E 68C 5 �\*ZZ* 9B65 S �bV`\,1OZS1 8 B55D

�bVd/* bm 4Z*1jnEhb\ adk1ab,d1b

,1b1 H̀

��E �� ˚ ��

��• ]1`,my ,\]`\a bm \+mhZ\ 4*/* �1jn h1W\,1VdEV\-/* a ZSY 4Z*V\YSjnaqH � ˙*E bm a]`*jS,*1jnEV*V 1-\ 4\,dbD � V*3/\-\ S4 Z*a 1abn SYqD �\- /*W SYq

]1`,\Yd h1W\,1VdD �Z Z*4,*W 1-\ /*YD 31Zd /*Y* 4,*WS˚,*D

�/Z*V\ SY1Z* 1abn Z1 b\WnV\ d Wp/1yD �\/dY*yE V\Yd SWSh1Yd 1k �1 /*pb SY1Z*D ˚aWS +m b1+1 ]\/*`SWS VdVWd SWSk1ZV*E bm Z1]`1Y1ZZ\ +m ]`S/dY*W SY SY1Z*E ]`*,/*H �˙*E SY1bn SYq \h1Zn ,*3Z\D

˚aWS Z\hnp ,4-WqZdbn Z* Z1+\E Y\3Z\ d,S/1bn YZ\31ab,\4, �14/D �*V bm /dY*1jnE d ZSf 1abn SY1Z*H � �V*4m,*1baqE�\- /*W SYq V*3/\y 4, �14/\hV1D �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ �\-wSahSaWq1b V\WSh1ab,\ 4, �14/C ,a1f Sf Z*4m,*1b SY1Z*YS SfxL�a*W\Y 58:B8MD

�b\E ]\Ob,\1YdE a*Ymy -W*,Zmy ,\ a1W1ZZ\yH � �\Z1hZ\31E �\-D V*V bm /dY*1jnE d Z1-\ 1abn SYqH � ˙*E S \+ ob\YaV*4*W �SadaD �/Z*3/m �Sada Y\WSWaq �\-dB w) \bV`mW dh1OZSV*Y SYq b,\ �1x L�\*ZZ* 5;B6:MD ˛Z*1jnE V*V 4\,db �\-*H ��\- a*Y Z*4m,*1b Z*Y a,\ �1 SYqD �Z -\,\`SbB w) �1-\,*E ob\Y\ �1 SYqxD �b*VE �\-* 4\,db �˚�� L�a*Sq 86B<E ��MD

�1+1 Z`*,SbaqE V\-/* /`d-S1 ]\YZqbE V*V b1+q 4\,dbH ��1-\,* b\31 f\h1bE hb\+m Wp/S 4Z*WS 1-\ SYqD �\ob\YdEV\-/* Ym -\,\`SY \ �\-1E Zd3Z\ Z*4m,*bn 1-\ ]\ SY1ZSD 1OWSVSy �hSb1Wn ,a1-/* Z*4m,*W �1-\,d ]\ SY1ZSE V\-/* `*aOaV*4m,*W \ Z �1Y Wp/qYD �/Z*3/m �Sada aV*4*WB w�p+S�1-\,dE �\-* b,\1-\E ,a1Y a1`/g1Y b,\SYx L�*`V* 56B7>MD

xy � � � � � 8 vw

� �� ˚�& ��)

26

�Sada 4Z*WE hb\ �1-\,* Pob\ a*Y\1 ,*3Z\1 SYqD �\ob\Yd \ZdhSW a,\Sf ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y Z*4m,*bn�\-* ]\ SY1ZSD �Z /*31 dhSW Sf d]\YSOZ*bn SYq �\-* , Y\WSb,*fD �Sada 4Z*WE hb\�\- 31W*1bE hb\+m ˚-\ SYq P �1-\,* P +mW\S4,1abZ\ ,a1Y Wp/qYD

�/Z*3/m �\- ]\V*4*W ,*3Z\abn a,\1-\ SY1ZS�\Sa1pD 'b\ aWdhSW\an \h1Zn /*,Z\D �\Sa1y+mW S4`*SWnbqZSZ\YD S4`*SWnbqZ1 , b1 ,`1Y1OZ* 3SWS , ab`*Z1E V\b\`*q Z*4m,*W*an ˚-S]1bD˝Sb1W1y b\y ab`*Zm Z*4m,*WS 1-S]bqZ*YSD�ZS a/1W*WS S4`*SWnbqZ `*+*YS S \+`*k*OWSan a ZSYS \h1Zn 31ab\V\D �\-/* �\Sa1y ,mO`\aE \Z ]\]mb*Waq ]\Y\hn \/Z\Yd h1W\,1VdS4 a,\1-\ Z*`\/*D �+ ob\Y d4Z*W e*`*\ZE]`*,Sb1Wn ˚-S]b*E S aSWnZ\ `*4-Z1,*WaqD�Z ]`SV*4*W d+Sbn �\Sa1qI �\ob\Yd �\OSa1p ]`SjW\an +13*bn S4 ˚-S]b*D

�\Sa1y ]\a1WSWaq , /`d-\y ab`*Z1D�Z* Z*4m,*W*an 41YWq �*/S*YaV*qD

˛Z*W WS bmE hb\d V*3/\y 4,14/m 1abn SYqH

�*Y �\Sa1y 31ZSWaq S Z*h*W 4*+\bSbnaq \ a,\1y a1Yn1D �Zab*W ]*abdf\YD �/Z*3/mE V\-/* �\Sa1y ]*a \,1g d ,ma\V\y-\`mE \Z d,S/1W hb\Ob\ \h1Zn Z1\+mhZ\1D �\WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nB-\`1W b1`Z\,my VdabE -\`1W S Z1 a-\`*WI �\Sa1y `1jSW ]\O/\ybS ]\+WS31E hb\+m ,a �1 f\`\j1ZnV\ `*aaY\b`1bnD

�b\ 31 b*Y ]`\S4\jW\H � �`qY\ S4 -\`qk1-\ b1`Z\,\-\Vdab* `*4/*Waq -\W\aB w�\Sa1yI �\Sa1yIx ˛Z*1jnE Vb\ ob\ -\O,\`SWH � 'b\ +mW �\-I �\- f\b1W ]\`dhSbn �\Sa1p \h1Zn,*3Z\1 4*/*ZS1D �Z aV*4*WB w) ]\jWp b1+q V e*`*\ZdE ]`*O,Sb1Wp ˚-S]b*E hb\+m bm ,m,1W Y\y Z*`\/E S4`*SWnObqZE S4 ˚-S]b*xD �\- \+1k*W ]\Y\hn �\Sa1p , ob\Y Z1W �1-V\Y/1W1D

\ �\Sa1y aV*4*W �\-dB w\bE q ]`S/d V S4`*SWnbqZ*Y, ˚-S]1b S aV*3dB t�1Zq ]\aW*W �\-rD hb\E 1aWS \ZS a]`\OaqbB t�*V 1-\ SYqHr �b\ YZ1 \b,1bSbnHx � aV*4*W �\- �\SOa1pB w�*V aV*3S S4`*SWnbqZ*YB t�1-\,* ]\aW*W Y1Zq V ,*YrD�V*3S SYE hb\ ob\ Y\ �1 SYq Z*,1Vx L�af\/ 7B5P59MD ˙*E �\-

�b\ ,*3Z\-\ d4Z*W \Sa1yE V\-/*]\/\j �1W V -\`qk1Yd b1`Z\,\Yd VdabdH

28

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

31W*1b a\f`*ZSbn a,\ �1 SYq Z*,1VSD �Z ZSV\-/* 1-\ Z1 S4Y1OZSbD �\- 31W*1bE hb\+m 1-\ ,a1-/* Z*4m,*WS �1-\,\yD

�b*VE �\Sa1y ,1`ZdWaq , ˚-S]1bD b\ ,`1Yq 1-S]bqZ1 /dOY*WSE hb\ �1-\,* P ob\ V*V\yOb\ Z14Z*hSb1WnZmy S4`*SWnOaVSy +\-D �ZS /*31 S ]`1/ab*,Sbn a1+1 Z1 Y\-WSE hb\�1-\,* P �\- ,a1y 41YWSD �\ob\Yd �1-\,* aV*4*W ]`*,Sb1Wp˚-S]b*B w) a/1W*p a,\ �1 SYq S4,1abZmY ]\ ,a1y 41YW1x L�aOf\/ =B5:MD �1-\,* Sa]\WZSW a,\ �1 \+1k*ZS1D ˛Z*1jnE V*V \Zob\ a/1W*WH �

�Z ]\,1W1W �\Sa1p ,m,1abS S4`*SWnbqZ S4 ˚-S]b*D �\-O/* \ZS ]\/\jWS V �`*aZ\Yd Y\`pE �1-\,* `*4/1WSW ,\/mY\`qE b*V hb\ S4`*SWnbqZ1 aY\-WS ]1`1ybS Z* /`d-dpab\`\Zd ]\ adf\Yd /ZdD �*`*\Z S 1-\ *`YSq ]dabSWSan 4*ZSYS , ]\-\ZpD �/Z*V\ ,\/mE V\b\`m1 ab\qWS ab1Z\yEa\YVZdWSan S ]\-W\bSWS 1-S]bqZD a1 \ZS ]\-S+WSD

1abn \+ ob\Y `*4Z1aW*an ]\,ap/dD �p/S S4 ,a1fZ*`\/\, daWmj*WSE hb\ a/1W*W �1-\,* d �`*aZ\-\Y\`qD �bVd/* Ym ob\ 4Z*1YH � �]dabq 8> W1b ]\aW1ob\-\ a\+mbSq S4`*SWnbqZ1 ]`SjWS , 41YWp �*OZ**ZEP , 41YWpE V\b\`dp �1-\,* \+1k*W \bO/*bn a,\1Yd Z*`\/dD �*Y \/Z* 31ZkSZ*E ]\SY1ZS �**,E aV*4*W* /,dY S4`*SWnbqZ*YB

*V d `*aZ\-\ Y\`q �\-a/1W*W a,\ �1 SYq S4,1abZmYH

w�m aWmj*WSE V*V �1-\,* SaadjSW ]1`1/ ,*YS ,\/m �`*aOZ\-\ Y\`qE V\-/* ,m ,mjWS S4 ˚-S]b*x L�Sada *,SZ 6B5>MD

�Z\-S1 Wp/S a1-\/Zq \h1Zn Z*]\OYSZ*pb b1f 1-S]bqZD �ZS Z1 ,1`qbEhb\ �1-\,* P �\- ,a1y 41YWSD�\ob\Yd �1-\,* 31W*1bE hb\O+m 1-\ aWd3Sb1WS `*aaV*4mO,*WS \ Z �1Y /`d-SY Wp/qYD�Y1ZZ\ obSY S 4*ZSY*Waq�SadaD V\Zg1 a,\1y 3S4OZS Z* 41YW1 \Z Y\WSWaq�1-\,1B w) \bV`mW dh1OZSV*Y SYq b,\ �1xL�\*ZZ* 5;B6:MD

�Sada `*aaV*4m,*W \+ SY1ZS �\-*D \31jn WS bm ]\V*4*bn , �S+WSS SYq �\-*H

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

�\h1jn +mbn ]\f\3SY Z* �Sada*H �\-/* `*aaV*4m,*y /`dO-SYE hb\ SYq �\-* P �1-\,*D �m d,S/SjnE hb\ YZ\-S1 Wp/Sob\-\ Z1 4Z*pbD �m Y\- +m ]\V*4*bn SY , �S+WSS VZS-d �aOf\/E 59Op -W*,dE 7Oy abSfD \4nYS a,\p �S+WSp S /*,*y ,Y1Oab1 \bV`\1Y ob\ Y1ab\ �Sa*ZSqD �*Y -\,\`SbaqB w�\a]\/nYd3 +`*ZSE �1-\,* SYq ˚YdxD

�1Yd Ym dhSYaq S4 ob\-\ abSf*H � ˙*E Ym d4Z* �1YE hb\ �1O-\,* P ob\ a*Y\1 ,*3Z\1 SYq Z* a,1b1D 'b\ SYq a1Y\-dk1O-\ �\-*E �bg* �Sada*D 'b\ SYq �\-\E Vb\ a\4/*W ,a �1D a]\YZSE�Sada aV*4*WE hb\ Ym /\W3Zm Wp+Sbn �1-\,d �\-* ,a1Y a1`/Og1YD bm Wp+Sjn �1-\,dH �

�*V Z*Y ]\V*4*bn a,\p Wp+\,n V �1-\,1H � *Y Zd3Z\]\/`d3Sbnaq a ZSY S d4Z*bn 1-\ ]\Wdhj1D �`\Y1 b\-\E ,*3OZ\ `*aaV*4m,*bn /`d-SY \ b\YE hb\ SYq �\-* P �1-\,*D �mY\31Y ]\V*4m,*bn ob\ SYq ]`qY\ , �S+WSSD �*aaV*4m,*yb*V31 \ b\YE aV\WnV\ ,a1-\ ]`1V`*aZ\-\ a\b,\`SW �1-\,*S aV\WnV\ /\+`\-\ \Z /Wq Z*a a/1W*WD �*V 31 `*/ +d/1bob\Yd �1-\,*I 1/n \Z 31W*1bE hb\+m Wp/S d4Z*WS \Z �1YD Ym Y\31Y /1WSbnaq a ZSYS obSYS 4Z*ZSqYSE Z1b*V WSH �

\ Z1 V*3/my 4*f\h1b aWdj*bn \+ �1-\,1D 1V\b\`m1Z1 aWdj*WS /*31 �Sada*E 1WSV\-\ �hSb1WqE V\-/* \Z `*aaV*O4m,*W \+ �1-\,1D \ ob\ 1-\ Z1 \ab*Z\,SW\D �Z ,a �1 `*,Z\]`\/\W3*W `*aaV*4m,*bn \+ �1-\,1D

˙*,*y +`*bn ]`SY1` a �Sada* S `*aaV*4m,*bn ,a1Y \+ �1O-\,1D �1-\,* �\- +d/1b ob\Yd \h1Zn `*/E ,1/n b*V Ym ]\V*O31YE hb\ Z*Y /\`\-\ 1-\ SYqD

b1]1`n /*,*y ,Y1ab1 ]`\hSb*1Y Z1aV\WnV\ abSf\, S4 �S+OWSSD 'bS abSfS ]\V*4m,*pbE V*V\1 \-`\YZ\1 4Z*h1ZS1 SY1O1b �\3n1 SYqB �a*Sq 56B8E 9 L� MC *be1q :B=C �\*ZZ* 5;B:S �SYWqZ*Y 5>B57D

� �� ˚��& ��)

31

��"˚˚ ]\,1/1ZS1 /1b1y ]`SZ\aSb YZ\-\ `*/\abSb1YE Vb\ \ ZSf 4*+\bSbaqD ˚aWS d /1,\hVS hb\Ob\ f\`\Oj\ ]\Wdh*1baqE 1 �1 ]*]1 +d/1b ]`SqbZ\ aV*4*bnB w'b\

Y\q /\hV*xD 1aWS Y*WnhSV hb\Ob\ \h1Zn f\`\j\ a/1W*WE 1-\]*]* a -\`/\abnp aV*31bB w'b\ Y\y amZxD

�Sada ,a1-/* `*/d1b a,\1-\ �bg*D �\ob\Yd �b1g SY \h1Zn-\`/SbaqD �\YZSjnE hb\ a/1W*W �\-E V\-/* �Sada a b`1Yq dh1OZSV*YS Z*f\/SWaq Z* -\`1H � ˙*E �b1g �Sada* aV*4*W a Z1+1aBw'b\ �mZ Y\y ,\4Wp+W1ZZmyE V\b\`\-\ q \/\+`qpx L�*be1q5;B9MD

�Sada ,a1-/* 31W*1b /1W*bn b\E hb\ `*/d1b 1-\ �bg*D ˛Z*O1jn ]\h1YdH �\b\Yd hb\ \Z ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd Wp+Sb �bg*D ˙1OW*bn hb\Ob\ b\WnV\ ]\b\YdE hb\ bm \+q4*Z ob\ /1W*bnE Z1W1-V\D \ 1aWS bm +1` �1jnaq 4* /1W\ \f\bZ\E `*+\b*bn ab*Z\,Sbaq Z*OYZ\-\ ]`SqbZ11D 4Z*1jnE hb\ 4Z*hSb `*+\b*bn \f\bZ\H �'b\ 4Z*hSb /1W*bn hb\OWS+\ a +\WnjSY 31W*ZS1YD

˚k �1 /\ b\-\E V*V �Sada ]`Sj �1W Z* 41YWpE \Z \f\bZ\ /1W*W,a �1E \ h �1Y ]`\aSW 1-\ �b1gD 1/n \Z \h1Zn Wp+Sb a,\1-\ �bg*E�1-\,d �\-*D ˚Yd +mW\ f\`\j\ Z* Z1+1 ,Y1ab1 a �bg\YD \ a\,`1Y1Z1Y �\- ]\`dhSW �Sadad \a\+\1 4*/*ZS1D �b\+m 1-\ ,mO]\WZSbnE �Sadad Zd3Z\ +mW\ ]\VSZdbn a,\y /\Y Z* Z1+1D �Z/\W31Z +mW `\/Sbnaq Z* 41YW1 Y*W1ZnVSY Y*WnhSV\YD �Sadaa -\b\,Z\abnp a\-W*aSWaqE ,1/n \+ ob\Y 1-\ ]\]`\aSW �1-\,*D

\ hb\+m `\/Sbnaq Z* 41YW1E �Sadad Zd3Z* +mW* Y*Y*D˛Z*1jnE Vb\ +mW* ob* 31ZkSZ*H � ˚ �1 4,*WS �*`SqD �1-\,*]\aW*W a Z1+1a *Z-1W* �*,`SSW*E hb\+m \Z ]\-\,\`SW a �*`SO

xy � � � � � 9 vw

w'� �% ��•x

32

1yD �*,`SSW a\\+kSW 1yE hb\ dZ1 �1 `\/Sbaq Y*WnhSVD Z*4\O,db 1-\ �SadaD �b\ 31 +d/1b\bg\Y YW*/1Zg*H � �*V aV*O4*W *Z-1WE �bg\Y Y*WnhSV* +dO/1b �1-\,* �\-D \b ]\h1Yd�Sada +mW Z*4,*Z �mZ\Y �\-*D

\ V*V ,\a]`SZqW* obd ,1abn�*`SqH � �V*4*W* WS \Z*E hb\ Z1f\h1b +mbn Y*b1`np �Sada*H 1bE�*`Sq +mW* -\b\,* ,m]\WZSbn b\E hb\31W*W �\-D \ V*V �\3Sy �mZE V\b\`my 3SWZ* Z1+1E Y\- `\/Sbnaq Z* 41YW1H �1Y `\3/1ZS1 �Sada* \bWSOh*W\an \b `\3/1ZSq /`d-Sf /1b1yH ˛Z*1jnH �

�\-/* �\- a\4/*W ]1`,mf Wp/1yE /*Y* S ˚,dE \Z a/1W*W b*VEhb\ \ZS Y\-WS a\1/SZSbnaq \a\+mY \+`*4\YD �\aW1 ob\-\,Zdb`S Y*Ym Z*hSZ*1b `*abS `1+ �1Z\VD �p/S ahSb*pb ob\ hdO/\YI �mE Z*,1`ZqV*E a obSY a\-W*aSjnaqD

\ �\- a/1W*W 1k �1 +\W11 ,]1h*bWqpk11 hd/\D �Z ]1`1Z �1a3S4Zn a,\1-\ �mZ* a Z1+1a ,Zdb`n �*`SSD S /\E ZS ]\aW1ob\-\ �\- Z1 /1W*W ZSh1-\ ]\/\+Z\-\D 'b\ +mW\ ]\SabSZ1 hd/\S4 hd/1aI �Sada Z*h*W `*abS S `*4,S,*bnaq ]\/\+Z\ b\YdE V*V/`d-S1 /1bS `*abdb S `*4,S,*pbaq ,Zdb`S a,\Sf Y*YD �\aW1ob\-\ �*`Sq ,mjW* 4*Yd3 4* �\aSe*D

�\-/* �*`SS Z*ab*W\ ,`1Yq `\/SbnE \Z* ,Y1ab1 a �\aSOe\Y ]`SjW* , -\`\/ SeW11YD \ , -\`\/1 a\+`*W\an \h1ZnYZ\-\ Z*`\/*D �*`Sq a �\aSe\Y Z1 aY\-WS /*31 Z*ybS a,\O+\/Z\y V\YZ*bm S ]\ob\Yd \ab*Z\,SWSan b*YE -/1 /1`3*b

� h �1Y *Z-1W �*,`SSW`*aaV*4*W *`SSH

w'�� % ��•x

33

/\Y*jZSf 3S,\bZmfD �\-/* �*`Sq `\/SW* �Sada*E \Z* ]\W\O3SW* 1-\ , V\`YdjVdE V*V ob\ ]\V*4*Z\ 4/1an Z* V*`bSZV1D�\`YdjV* P ob\ b*V\y qkSVE , V\b\`my VW*/db V\`Y V\`\O,*Y S /`d-SY /\Y*jZSY 3S,\bZmYD

�\y Z\hnpE V\-/* `\/SWaq �SadaE aWdhSW\an hb\Ob\ Z1,1O`\qbZ\1D +WS4S SeW11Y* ]*abdf*Y q,SWaq *Z-1WD Z-1W `*aOaV*4*WE hb\ `\3/1ZS1 �Sada* P \h1Zn ,*3Z\1 a\+mbS1Dw\bEP aV*4*W *Z-1WEP q ]`SZ �1a ,*Y `*/\abZdp ,1abnE V\b\O`*q a/1W*1b Wp/1y ah*abWS,mYSD �1-\/Zq `\/SWaq b\bE Vb\a]*a �1b Wp/1yx L�dVS 6B5>E 55MD

Z-1W b*V31 `*aaV*4*WE hb\ YW*/1Z1g �Sada W13Sb , V\`OYdjV1 , SeW11Y1D 1\3S/*ZZ\ Z* Z1+1 ]\q,SW\an \-`\YOZ\1 YZ\31ab,\ /`d-Sf *Z-1W\,E S ,a1 \ZS ab*WS ]`\aW*,Wqbn

�\h1Yd �Sada* VW*/db , V\`YdjVdH

34

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

�\-*D w�W*,* �\-dEP ]1WS *Z-1WmEP S Z*41YW1 YS` a`1/S Wp/1yE V V\b\`mY \Z+W*-\,\WSbx L�dVS 6B56P58MD

�\-/* *Z-1Wm Sah14WSE ]*abdfS \b]`*,SOWSan , SeW11Y S Z*jWS �Sada*D �ZS `*aOaV*4*WS �\aSed S �*`SS \+\ ,a �1YE hb\daWmj*WS \b *Z-1W\,D �\WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nE V*Vah*abWS,* +mW* �*`SqE hb\ a\-W*aSW*an ab*bnY*b1`np �Sada*I

�\4/Z11 �\aSe S �*`Sq ,Y1ab1 a �Sada\Y ]1`1O1f*WS , -\`\/ *4*`1bD �*Y �Sada S ,m`\aD �b*, ,4`\aOWmYE \Z Z*h*W ,1WSV\1 /1W\ \+dh1ZSqD 'b\ +mW\ h*abnpb\-\ \a\+\-\ 4*/*ZSqE `*/S V\b\`\-\ �1-\,* �\- ]\aW*Wa,\1-\ �mZ* Z* 41YWpD �Sada \f\bZ\ ,m]\WZSW ob\ ]\`dOh1ZS1E ]\aV\WnVd \Z \h1Zn Wp+SW a,\1-\ Z1+1aZ\-\ �bg*D

*Vdp `*/\abZdp ,1abn a\\+kSW]*abdf*Y \/SZ S4 obSf *Z-1W\,H

˙\ b\-\ V*V �Sada ab*W 1WSVSY �hSb1W1YE \Z V`1abSWaqd �\*ZZ* �`1abSb1Wq , `1V1 �\`/*ZD b\b /1Zn ]`\S4\jW\Z1hb\ d/S,Sb1WnZ\1I �*V b\WnV\ �Sada ,mj1W S4 ,\/mE a Z1O+1a `*4/*Waq -\W\a �1-\,mB w'b\ �mZ Y\yE ,\4Wp+W1ZZmyE q\/\+`qp 1-\x L�*be1q 7B5;MD `*,Sbaq WS b1+1E V\-/* `\/Sb1OWS -\,\`qbE hb\ Wp+qb b1+qH � �SadadE +14 a\YZ1ZSqE b\31]\Z`*,SW\anE hb\ �b1g b*V b1]W\ \ Z �1Y \b\4,*WaqD

�Sada ,a1-/* /1W*W b\E hb\ ]`*,SWnZ\D �Z ZSV\-/* Z1 ,m/*O,*W a1+q 4* b\-\E V1Y Z1 +mW Z* a*Y\Y /1W1D �Z Z1 -\,\`SW WpO/qYE hb\ \Z �\-D Z-1W �*,`SSW aV*4*W �*`SSE hb\ �Sada+d/1b Z*4,*Z �mZ\Y �\-*D � a*Y �Sada ,a1-/* -\,\`SWE hb\\Z �\3Sy �mZD �Z Z1 -\,\`SWE hb\ 4Z*1b +\Wnj1 a,\1-\�bg*D *]`\bS,E \Z aV*4*WB w�b1g +\Wnj1 Y1Zqx L�\*ZZ*58B6<MD

˙*31 V\-/* �Sada +mW Z* Z1+1E \Z ,a1-/* ,m]\WZqW b\Ehb\ ]\`dh*W 1Yd �b1gD �Z Z1 -\,\`SWB w�\`\j\E q ,a �1 a/1W*pxE* ]\b\Y j �1W S +`*Waq 4* hb\Ob\ /`d-\1D �Z Wp+SW �bg*D � ]\Oob\Yd ,ZSY*b1WnZ\ aWdj*W ,a �1E h1Yd dhSW 1-\ �b1gD �\-/*�Sada ]`Sj �1W Z* 41YWpE \Z ,m]\WZSW ,a �1E /Wq h1-\ ]\aW*W 1-\Z1+1aZmy �b1gD �Z Z1 b`*bSW ,`1Yq ]\]dabdD \b ]\h1Yd�1-\,* +mW b*V /\,\W1Z a,\SY �mZ\YI

�m b\31 f\bSY `*/\,*bn �1-\,dE ]`*,/*H � ˙Wq ob\-\Ym /\W3ZmE ]\/\+Z\ �SadadE aWdj*bnaq �\-* ,\ ,a �1YD �\- \+O`*k*1baq V Z*Y h1`14 �S+WSpD �*4,1 +mW\ +m ]`*,SWnZ\ /1OW*bn ,S/E +d/b\ Ym aWdj*1Y �\-*E * Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 ,1`Sbn , b\Ehb\ ]`\bS,\`1hSb �S+WSSE SWS /1W*bn Z1d-\/Zm1 �\-d /1W*H �� ]\YZSE hb\ Z*Y /\ab*,Sb \-`\YZ\1 d/\,\Wnab,S1 `*/\,*bn�1-\,dE 1aWS Ym ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd 1-\ Wp+SYD

b1]1`n ]`\hSb*y +S+W1yaVS1 abSfSE V\b\`m1 ]\V*4m,*pbEhb\ SY1ZZ\ Zd3Z\ 4Z*bn \+ �Sada1 S ,\ hb\ ,1`SbnB *be1q;B65P67C �\*ZZ* 8B69E 6: S 5 �SY\e1p 6B9E :D

36

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

� ˚�˚ Z`*,SbaqE V\-/* b1+1 /1W*pb hb\Ob\ ]`SqbZ\1H �˙`d-SY ob\ b\31 Z`*,SbaqD ˙*E ob\ Z`*,Sbaq ,a1YD 1OWSVSy �hSb1Wn 4Z*W \+ ob\Y S ]\ob\Yd ,a1-/* ]\Y\-*W

Wp/qYD �Z aV*4*WB w) ]`Sj �1W Z1 /Wq b\-\E hb\O+m YZ1 aWd3SWSE Z\ hb\+m ]\aWd3Sbnx L�*bOe1q 6>B6<MD

V*V Ym Y\31Y ]\/`*3*bn 1WSV\Yd�hSb1WpH � *Y b\31 Zd3Z\ aWd3Sbn

/`d-SYD �m /\W3Zm /1W*bn /\+`\D�/Z*V\ YZ\-S1 ob\-\ Z1 /1W*pbD�\WnjSZab,\ f\bqbE hb\+m SY,a1-/* Vb\Ob\ ]`SaWd3S,*WD �/OZ\ ,`1Yq b*V /dY*WS /*31 dh1OZSVS �Sada*D �*3/my S4 ZSff\b1W ab*bn a*YmY -W*,ZmYD

�/Z*3/m �Sada ,Y1ab1 a\a,\SYS dh1ZSV*YS ]`Sj �1W ,

-\`\/ �*]1`Z* ‹dYE V\b\`my Z*f\O/SWaq d �*WSW1yaV\-\ Y\`qD �\-/*

\ZS ,\jWS , /\YE �Sada a]`\aSW a,\OSf dh1ZSV\,B w� h �1Y ,m a]\`SWS ]\ /\O

`\-1Hx \ dh1ZSVS Y\Wh*WSE ]\b\Yd hb\ ]\ /\`\-1 \ZSa]\`SWS \ b\YE Vb\ S4 ZSf +\Wnj1 L�*`V* =B77E 78MD

�Sada ]\ZSY*WE hb\ ZSVb\ S4 dh1ZSV\, Z1 /\W31Z +mW/dY*bn \ a1+1 V*V \ a*Y\Y -W*,Z\YD �\ob\YdE V*V Ym d4Z*WS

xy � � � � � : vw

�˚��• ��˚�&��˝� ˙��

� h �1Y a]\`SWSdh1ZSVS �Sada*H

37

S4 ]1`,\y -W*,m ob\y VZS-SE \Z ]\ab*,SW ]\a`1/S ZSf Y*OW1ZnV\-\ Y*WnhSV* S \+lqaZSWE hb\ ,*3Z\ +mbn b*VSYS 31aYS`1ZZmYSE V*V Y*W1ZnVS1 /1bSD \ \ZS b*V ZSh1Yd S Z1Z*dhSWSanD � ,\b Z14*/\W-\ /\ a,\1y aY1`bS �Sada ]`1]\/*Wa,\SY dh1ZSV*Y d`\VE V\b\`my \ZS 4*]\YZSWS Z* ,ap 3S4ZnD�b\ 31 \Z a/1W*WH �

\ ,`1Yq d3SZ* �Sada ,ab*W S4O4* ab\W* S aZqW ,1`fZS1\/13/mD �Z ,4qW ]\W\b1Zg1 S \+,q4*W 1-\ ,\V`d- ]\qa*D ˛*b1YZ*WSW , b*4 ,\/mD �h1ZSVSE /\W3Z\ +mbnE Z1/\dY1,*WSE 4*h1Y�Sada ,a �1 ob\ /1W*1bD \ ,\b �Sada ]\/f\/Sb V V*3/\YdS4 ZSf ]\ \h1`1/S SE ]`Sa1,E Y\1b SY Z\-S S ,mbS`*1b ]\OW\b1Zg1YD �`1/ab*,Wq1jnI hb\E 1aWS +m bm b\31 +mWb*YH �b\ bm ]\hd,ab,\,*W +mE 1aWS +m �Sada ,mYmW Z\-Sb1+1H �

�h1ZSV*Y �Sada* +mW\ \h1Zn Z1W\,V\ \bb\-\E hb\ 1WSVSy�hSb1Wn ,m]\WZq1b b*Vdp ZS4Vdp `*+\bdD � �1b` /*31 ab*W,\4`*3*bn �SadadD �Z Z1 Y\- ]\4,\WSbnE hb\+m 1WSVSy �hSOb1Wn ]`SaWd3S,*W 1Yd S YmW 1Yd Z\-SD \ �Sada \+lqaZSWEhb\ ob\ +mW\ Z1\+f\/SY\D

Z*jS /ZS Z1 ]`SZqb\ Ymbn /`d- /`d-d Z\-SD \ V\-/*�Sada 3SW Z* 41YW1E ob\ +mW\ \+mh*1YD ˛Z*1jn ]\h1YdH � b\y Y1abZ\abSE -/1 3SWS �Sada S 1-\ dh1ZSVSE Wp/S Z\aSOWS a*Z/*WSS Z* +\ad Z\-dD �\ob\Yd ]\aW1 f\/n+m ]\ ]mWnOZmY /\`\-*Y Z\-S ab*Z\,SWSan -`q4ZmYSD mYmbn Z\-S-\abqE ]`Sj1/j1-\ , /\YE +mW\ ]`\q,W1ZS1Y ,13WS,\abS S/\+`\bmD

�/Z*V\ Z* ob\b `*4 ZSVb\ S4 dh1ZSV\, �Sada* /*31 S Z1]\/dY*W \ b\YE hb\+m \V*4*bn /`d-SY b*V\1 -\ab1]`SSYab,\D�\ob\Yd �Sada `1jSW a/1W*bn ob\ a*YD 'bSY \Z ]`1]\/*Wa,\SY dh1ZSV*Y ,*3Zmy d`\VD ˙*E SY Zd3Z\ +mW\ V\1Oh1YdZ*dhSbnaqD 'b\ aWd3Sb f\`\jSY d`\V\Y S Z*YD

38

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

˛Z*1jnE , h �1Y adbn ob\-\ d`\V*H � */1, a,\S ,1`fZS1\/13/mE �Sada ,1`ZdWaq 4* ab\W S aV*4*WB w˛Z*1b1 WSE hb\ qa/1W*W ,*YH m \+`*k*1b1an V\ YZ1 t�hSb1Wnr S t�\a]\/nrE S]`*,SWnZ\ -\,\`Sb1E S+\ b*V \Z\ S 1abnD �b*VE 1aWS qE �\a]\/nS �hSb1WnE ,mYmW ,*Y Z\-SE b\ S ,m /\W3Zm Ymbn Z\-S /`d-/`d-dx L�\*ZZ* 57B6P58MD

1WSVSy �hSb1Wn ]\V*4*W a,\SY dh1ZSV*YE V*V ,*3Z\ aWdO3Sbn /`d-SYD �Z Z1 f\b1WE hb\+m \ZS /dY*WS b\WnV\ \ a1+1D�Z Z1 f\b1WE hb\+m \ZS ahSb*WS a1+q Z*ab\WnV\ ,*3ZmYSE hb\,a1 ,\V`d- /\W3Zm SY ]`SaWd3S,*bnD �Z f\b1WE hb\+m \ZS+mWS -\b\,m aWd3Sbn /`d-SYD

�*V\y ]`1V`*aZmy d`\VE Z1]`*,/* WSH � bm f\h1jn +mbn]\f\3SY Z* 1WSV\-\ �hSb1Wq S aWd3Sbn /`d-SYH � �*3/myS4 Z*a Y\31b ]\Y\-*bn Wp/qYD 'b\ a/1W*1b Sf ah*abWS,mYSD \ a*Y\1 -W*,Z\1E ob\ ]\`*/d1b �Sada* S 1-\ �bg*D

�Wd3Sbn /`d-SY a\,a1Y Z1 aW\3Z\D *3Z\ +mbn ,ZSY*Ob1WnZmYE S b\-/* bm 4*Y1bSjnE hb\ /Wq ob\-\ 1abn YZ\-\ ,\4OY\3Z\ab1yD �\/dY*yE Z*]`SY1`E V*V bm Y\31jn ]\Y\hn

*V\y d`\V �Sada]`1]\/*W a,\SY

dh1ZSV*YH

˚��• ��˚�& ��˝�� ˙��

a,\1y Y*Y1H �Z* b*V YZ\-\ /1W*1b /Wq b1+q S /Wq,a1y a1YnSD �1Y bm Y\31jn 1y ]\Y\hnH � �\h1OYd +m b1+1 Z1 a]`\aSbn 1 �1 \+ ob\YH

�m Y\- +mE Z*]`SY1`E Z*V`mbn Z* ab\WD�WS a\+`*bn -`q4Zdp ]\ad/d ]\aW1\+1/*D 1V\b\`m1 /1bS V*3/my /1Zn,mZ\aqb Yda\`D �b\ +m bm ZS /1W*WEbmE ]\/\+Z\ �SadadE +d/1jn aWd3Sbn/`d-SYD

˚abn WS d b1+q YW*/jSy +`*b SWSa1ab`*H �\- +m bm ]\aWd3Sbn SYH a]\YOZSE �SadaE 1WSVSy �hSb1WnE aWd3SW /*31a,\SY dh1ZSV*YD �\Y\-*q YW*/j1Yd +`*bSOVd SWS a1ab` �1ZV1E bm ]\/`*3*1jn �SadadD \ hb\ bm Y\31jn /Wq ZSf a/1W*bnH � �\h1OYd +m b1+1 Z1 ]\Y\hn SY d+`*bn S-`djVS

Z* Y1ab\H �m b*V31Y\- +m ]\Y\hn SY\/1bnaq SWS 4*ab1OWSbn ]\ab1WnD Y\O31bE bm 1k �1 hb\O

*V bm Y\31jn]\Y\-*bn /`d-SYH

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

ZS+d/n ]`S/dY*1jnH � S/q b,\S /\+`m1 /1W*E \ZS +d/db WpO+Sbn b1+q b*V 31E V*V dh1ZSVS Wp+SWS �Sada*D

jV\W1 bm b\31 Y\31jn aWd3Sbn /`d-SYE Z*]`SY1`\/Z\VW*aaZSV*Y SWS dhSb1WpD ˚aWS Vb\Ob\ d`\ZSW VZS-dE ]\Oh1Yd +m b1+1 Z1 ]\/Zqbn 1 �1H �\3Z\ ]`1/W\3Sbn a,\p ]\OY\kn dhSb1WpEP Z*]`SY1`E bm Y\31jn ab1`1bn a /\aVSD �m]`\q,Sjn /\+`\bd S b1YE 1aWS +d/1jn ]`S/1`3SO,*bn /Wq /`d-Sf /,1`nD

\4Y\3Z\E Wp/S S Z1 ]\+W*-\/*`qb Z*a4* /\+`m1 /1W*D \ /\W3Z\ WS ob\ Z*a\ab*Z*,WS,*bnE V*V bm /dY*1jnH � �\OZ1hZ\ 31E Z1bI �\WnjSZab,\ Wp/1y Z1-\,\`SWS �Sadad a]*aS+\D �/Z*V\ \Z]`\/\W3*W /1W*bn /\+`\D

�\ob\Yd /*,*y ,a1-/* SaV*bn ,\4Y\3OZ\ab1yE hb\+m aWd3Sbn /`d-SY Wp/qYD� /*,*y ,a1-/* ]\YZSbn \ b\YEV*V ]\abd]*W 1WSVSy �hSb1WnE�SadaE S ab*`*bnaq 1Yd ]\/`*O3*bnD

�4 obSf abSf\, Ym d4Z ‹*1Y+\Wnj1 \ b\YE V*V ]\Y\O

-*bn /`d-SYB �`SbhS7B6;E 6<C �SYWqZ*Y59B5E 6 S �*W*b*Y:B6D

˚��• ��˚�& ��˝�� ˙��

41

��˚˙��&E hb\ bm Y\- +m /1W*bn ,a �1E hb\ 4*f\b1WD� ZSVb\ Z1 dV*4m,*W +m b1+1B ob\ Z1Wn4qE b\ Z1Wn4qD�V*3SE Y1hb*W WS bm V\-/*OZS+d/n \+ ob\YH �

\ hb\ /Wq b1+q Wdhj1H �d/`\ WS ,a1-/* /1W*bn ,a �1E hb\f\h1baqH �WS 31 ,a �1 ]\Wdh*1baq -\`*4/\ Wdhj1E V\-/*bm aWdj*1jnaq ]*]d S Y*YdH � �\- -\,\`SbE hb\ Zd3Z\aWdj*bnaq `\/Sb1W1yD ˛Z*hSbE /Wq ob\-\E Z*,1`ZqV*E 1abn,1aVS1 ]`ShSZmD ˙*,*y d4Z*1Y V*VS1D

�V\WnV\ b1+1 W1bH � 4Z*1jnEaV\WnV\ W1b b,\1Yd ]*]1H � Y*Y1H+*+djV1H /1/djV1H � �ZS Z*YZ\-\ab*`j1 b1+qD �1Y /\Wnj1 h1W\,1V3S, �1bE b1Y +\Wnj1 d Z1-\ ,`1Y1ZSh1YdOZS+d/n Z*dhSbnaqD �1Y ab*`j1h1W\,1VE b1Y +\Wnj1 \Z ,S/1WE aWmOj*W S a/1W*WD �\ob\Yd Y\W\/m1Y\-db dhSbnaq d ab*`jSfD

�m 4Z*1jn V\-\OZS+d/nE Vb\YW*/j1 b1+qH � �*V bm /dY*O1jnE Vb\ S4 ,*a 4Z*1b +\WnOj1H � ]\h1YdH � �\b\Yd

hb\ bm ab*`j1 S 3S, �1jn /\WnOj1D � b1+q +mW\ +\Wnj1 ,`1Y1ZSE

hb\+m dhSbnaqE h1Y d Z1-\D

Vb\ ab*`j1 b1+q S Y1ZqH �b\ ab*`j1 ,a1f Z* a,1Ob1H � �1-\,* �\-D �Z 4Z*1b +\Wnj1E h1Y bmE S +\Wnj1E h1Y qD�\-/* \Z ]`\aSb Z*a \ h �1YOb\E Y\3Z\ Z1 a\YZ1,*bnaqE hb\

xy � � � � � ; vw

��"� �˚ �� )˚ ˚�)

�\h1Yd Zd3Z\aWdj*bnaq ab*`jSfH

42

ob\ ]`SZ �1a1b ]\Wn4dE /*31 1aWS ,m]\WZSbn 1-\ ]\`dh1ZS1 Z1OW1-V\D �/Z*3/m /*31 1WSV\Yd �hSb1Wp +mW\ Z1]`\ab\ ]\OaWdj*bnaq �\-*D ˛Z*W WS bm \+ ob\YH �

�\- ]\]`\aSW �Sada* ,m]\WZSbn \h1Zn aW\3Z\1 ]\`dh1OZS1D �Sada Y\WSWaq \+ ob\YE V*V ]\V*4*Z\ 4/1an Z* V*`bSZOV1D �Z Y\WSW �\-*B w˚aWS 31W*1jnE d/*WS \b Y1Zq obd h*jdxD'bSYS aW\,*YS �Sada ]\V*4*WE hb\ Z1 ,a1-/* W1-V\ Sa]\WOZqbn �\3np ,\WpD \ V*V �Sada 4*V\ZhSW a,\p Y\WSb,dH˛Z*1jnH �

V\Zg1 \Z ]`\S4Z �1aB w]`\h1YE ]dabn +d/1b Z1 Y\q ,\WqE* b,\qx L�dVS 66B85E 86MD ˙*E \Z f\b1WE hb\+m Sa]\WZSW*an ,\OWq �\-*E * Z1 1-\ a\+ab,1ZZ*qD �\ob\Yd \Z Z1ab*W ]\abd]*bn ]\Oa,\1YdE * a/1W*W ,a �1 b*VEV*V f\b1W �\-D

�1Yd ob\ Z*a dhSbH � �m d4Z*WSE hb\ ,a1O-/* ]`*,SWnZ\ /1W*bn b\E \ h �1Y ]`\aSb �\-E/*31 1aWS ob\ Z1W1-V\D \ Ym d4Z*WS 1k �1V\1Ohb\ ,*3Z\1D �b\ SY1ZZ\H � �\- S �SadaZ1 \/Z* S b* 31 WShZ\abnE V*V /dY*pb Z1V\Ob\`m1 Wp/SD �1-\,* �\- ab*`j1 S 4Z*1b+\Wnj1E h1Y 1-\ �mZE �SadaD

�Wdj*qan �\-*E Ym ]\V*4m,*1YE hb\ WpO+SY 1-\D �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w�p+\,n V �\-d4*VWph*1baq , b\YE hb\+m Ym a\+Wp/*WS 1-\4*]\,1/Sx L5 �\*ZZ* 9B7MD S/SjnE Z*Y ,a1YZd3Z\ +mbn ]\aWdjZmYS �\-dD �m ,1/n f\Oh1jn aWdj*bnaq 1-\E ]`*,/*H �

˙*,*y \bV`\1Y �S+WSp S ]\aY\b`SYE \ h �1Y �\- ]`\aSb /1Ob1yD �m ]`\hSb*1Y 'e1aqZ*YE :Op -W*,dE 5OyE 6Oy S 7Oy abSOfSD �*Y -\,\`SbaqB w˙1bSE +d/nb1 ]\aWdjZm a,\SY `\/Sb1WqY

�b\ Ym d4Z* �1YS4 Y\WSb,m

�Sada*H

��" �˚ �� )˚� �˚�)

43

, �\a]\/1E S+\ ob\ ]`*,1/Z\B t�bS \bg* S Y*bnr P b*V\,* ]1`O,*q 4*]\,1/n a \+1k*ZS1YB t�b\+m b1+1 +mW\ f\`\j\ S bmY\- /\W-\ 3Sbn Z* 41YW1rxD

S/SjnE a*Y �1-\,* �\- -\,\`SbE hb\+m bm aWdj*Waq ]*]dS Y*YdD hb\ 4Z*hSb whbSbnx `\/Sb1W1yH 'b\ 4Z*hSb d,*O3*bn SfD � �\- \+1k*1bE hb\E 1aWS bm +d/1jn ]\aWdjZmYa,\SY `\/Sb1WqYE wb1+1 +d/1b f\`\j\xD

�\hd `*aaV*4*bn b1+1 \/Zd Sab\`Sp \ Wp/qfE V\b\`m1a]*aWSan +W*-\/*`q a,\1Yd ]\aWdj*ZSpD 'bS Wp/S 3SWS/*,ZmYO/*,Z\ , +\Wnj\Y -\`\/1 �1`da*WSY1D �\WnjSZOab,\ 3Sb1W1y ob\-\ -\`\/* Z1 aWdj*WSan �\-*E ]\ob\Yd�Sada ]`1/d]`1/SWE hb\ �\- `*4`djSb Sf -\`\/D �Sada b*VO31 aV*4*WE hb\ ,a1E Vb\ Wp+Sb /\+`\E Y\-db a]*abSanD �Z\+lqaZSWE V*V ob\ Y\3Z\ a/1W*bnE aV*4*,B w�\-/* ,m d,SO/Sb1E hb\ �1`da*WSY \V`d3 �1Z ,\yaV*YSE 4Z*yb1E hb\1k �1 Z1YZ\-\ S -\`\/ +d/1b `*4`dj1ZD 1 b1`qyb1 ,`1OY1ZSE ,mf\/Sb1 S4 �1`da*WSY* S +1-Sb1 , -\`mx L�dVS65B6>P66MD

a �1E hb\ -\,\`SW �SadaE a+mW\anB Z* �1`da*WSY Z*]*OWS ,`*31aVS1 ,\yaV*D �SYaVS1 ,\SZm \V`d3SWS -\`\/D \Z1\3S/*ZZ\ ]\ Z1]\ZqbZ\y ]`ShSZ1 \ZS \babd]SWSD �\WnOjSZab,\ Wp/1y ]\/dY*WSE hb\ \]*aZ\abn YSZ\,*W*D �\ob\OYd \ZS Z1 djWS S4 -\`\/*D \ hb\ ]\,1W1W �SadaH � �b\a/1W*W +m bmE 1aWS +m 3SW b\-/* , �1`da*WSY1H � �1E Vb\]\,1`SW �SadadE \ab*,SWS a,\S /\Y* S d+13*WS S4 �1`da*OWSY* /*W1V\ , -\`mD

�`\j �1W -\/E * �1`da*WSY V*V ab\qWE b*V S ab\SbD�\b\Y ]`\j �1W ,b\`\yE b`1bSy -\/E Z\ b*V ZSh1-\ S Z1 aWdOhSW\anD 1V\b\`m1E ,\4Y\3Z\E ]\/dY*WSE hb\ b1E Vb\ d+13*WS4 -\`\/*E ]\abd]SWS -Wd]\D �/Z*V\ Z* h1b, �1`bmy -\/`SYaVS1 ,\yaV* ,a �1 31 ,1`ZdWSanD �ZS ,Z\,n \V`d3SO

44

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

WS �1`da*WSYD \ +13*bn+mW\ d31 aWSjV\Y ]\4/Z\D *ob\b `*4 `SYWqZ1 dZShb\3SWS -\O`\/D �\WnjSZab,\ Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 Z*f\O/SWSan , -\`\/1E ]\-S+WSE \ab*WnZmf d,1WS , ]W1ZD

\ hb\ ab*W\ a b1YSE Vb\ ]\aWdj*Waq �Sada*H � �ZSa]*aWSanD b\b Y\Y1Zb \ZS Z*f\/SWSan /*W1V\ \b �1`da*OWSY*D �\ob\Yd a ZSYS ZSh1-\ Z1 aWdhSW\anD ˙*E Sf 4*kSbSOW\ ]\aWdj*ZS1D

4*kSbSb WS ]\aWdj*ZS1 b1+qH � �\/Sb1WSE ,\4Y\3Z\E4*]`1k*pb b1+1 S-`*bn Z* /\`\-1D �\h1Yd \ZS ob\ /1W*OpbH � �\b\Yd hb\ bm Y\31jn ]\]*abn ]\/ Y*jSZdD �/Z*OV\ , V*V\yOb\ Y\Y1Zb bm Y\- +m ]\/dY*bnB w \ ,1/n a1yh*aZ1b Y*jSZD �\ YZ\y ZSh1-\ Z1 aWdhSbaqD ˙`d-S1 31 /1bSS-`*pb Z* /\`\-1E S a ZSYS ZSh1-\ Z1 aWdh*1baqxD

*V ]\aWdj*ZS1 b\YdEhb\ aV*4*W�SadaE a]*aW\obSY Wp/qY 3S4ZnH

45

�Y1ZZ\ b*V /dY*WS +\WnjSZab,\ 3Sb1W1y �1`da*WSY*D�\-/* `SYaVS1 ,\yaV* \babd]SWSE V*4*W\anE hb\ \]*aZ\abnYSZ\,*W*D �p/S ,S/1WSE hb\ YZ\-S1 3Sb1WS \ab*WSan , -\O`\/1E S ]\ob\Yd b\31 `1jSWS Z1 df\/SbnD �f ]`1/d]`13/*OWSE Z\ \ZS Z1 ]\aWdj*WSanD ˛* ob\ \ZS ]\]W*bSWSan 3S4ZnpD

,\b 1k �1 \/SZ ]`SY1`D �m V\-/*OZS+d/n S-`*W a\ a]ShOV*YSH � �\31b ]\V*4*bnaq \h1Zn SZb1`1aZmY 4*3S-*bna]ShVS S aY\b`1bn Z* \-\Z �1VD \ S-`*bn a\ a]ShV*YS \]*aO

Z\D �m Y\31jn ]\/31hn ,1an /\Y S a-\`1bn a*YI

�\YZSB Y*W\ aWdj*bnaq WSjn ,`1Yq \b ,`1Y1OZSD �\aWdj*ZS1 +d/1b \f`*Zqbn b1+q b\WnV\ ,b\Y aWdh*1E 1aWS bm +d/1jn ]\aWdjZmY ,a1-/*D�\YZSjnE hnS ob\ aW\,*B w˙1bSE +d/nb1 ]\aWdjOZm a,\SY `\/Sb1WqYxH � ˙*E ob\ aV*4*W �\-D� Z1 4*+m,*yB \Z -\,\`Sb ob\E ]\b\Yd hb\Wp+Sb b1+qD

b1]1`n ]`\hSb*y +S+W1yaVS1 abSfSE ,V\b\`mf ]\V*4*Z* ,*3Z\abn ]\aWdj*ZSqB �`SbhS67B66C ˚VVW1aS*ab 56B57C �a*Sq 8<B5;E 5< S \W\aaqO

Z*Y 7B6>D

�\h1Yd Zd3Z\ +mbn ]\aWdjZmYE/*31 V\-/* Z1 ,S/Z\ \]*aZ\abSH

46

�%E �� ˚� � 31E a\-W*aSjnaqE hb\ 1abn b1E Vb\ Y\-dOk1ab,1ZZ11 Z*a a b\+\yD �*V bm /dY*1jnE Vb\ ob\H �˙*E �1-\,* �\-D 1-\ �mZE 1WSVSy �hSb1WnH �*VE

]\Ob,\1YdE \Z Y\-dk1ab,1ZZ11 Z*aH � �\Z1hZ\I

�Sada 3SW a �\-\Y Z* Z1+1D �Z +mW /df\,ZmY �mZ\Y �\-*ESWS *Z-1W\YD �mW WS �Sada 1/SZab,1ZZmY *Z-1W\YE SWS /df\,OZmY amZ\YH � 1bE �\- a\b,\`SW YSWWS\Zm *Z-1W\,D 'bS *Z-1OWm b\31 Y\-dk1ab,1ZZ11 Z*a L˙*ZSSW ;B5>C ˚,`1qY 5B;MD

�\YZSjnE V*V 4,*WS *Z-1W*E V\b\`my `*4-\,*`S,*W a �*`SO1yH � �*,`SSWD �Z a\\+kSW �*`SSE hb\ `1+ �1Z\VE V\b\`\-\ \Z*`\/SbE +d/1b �mZ\Y �\-*D �\- ]1`1Z �1a 3S4Zn a,\1-\ /df\,Z\-\�mZ* ,Zdb`n �*`SSE hb\+m �Sada Y\- `\/Sbnaq Z* 41YW1E V*V\+mhZmy `1+ �1Z\V L�dVS 5B6:E 6;MD

�m ,1`Sjn , ob\ hd/\H ,1`Sjn WS bm , b\Ehb\ �Sada 3SW a �\-\Y Z* Z1+1H � �+ ob\Y `*aaV*O4*W a*Y �SadaD \ V*V �Sada d4Z*W \+ ob\YH �\-/*\Z +mW 1k �1 Y*WnhSV\YE �*`SqE ,1`\qbZ\E `*aaV*O4*W* 1Yd \ b\YE hb\ a\\+kSW 1y �*,`SSWD �\aSeEaV\`11 ,a1-\E b\31 `*aaV*4*W �Sadad \ b\YE hb\1-\ Z*ab\qkSY �bg\Y +mW �\-D

�\-/* �Sada V`1abSWaqE �\- aV*4*W a Z1+1aBw'b\ �mZ Y\yx L�*be1q 7B5;MD , Z\hn]1`1/ a,\1y aY1`bnp �Sada Y\WSWaqBw�`\aW*,n Y1ZqE �b1gE d a1+q b\y aW*,\yE

xy � � � � � < vw

˚�& ˚E ��#˚��˚ ˚˚ ��

� h �1Y *`Sq S �\aSeE ]\O,S/SY\YdE`*aaV*4*WS �SadadH

47

V\b\`dp q SY1W d b1+q ]`13/1 ]\q,W1ZSq YS`*x L�\*ZZ*5;B9MD ˙*E �Sada ]`\aSW �\-* ,Z\,n 4*+`*bn 1-\ Z* Z1+\D \ V*V�1-\,* Y\- Sa]\WZSbn ]`\an+d �mZ*H � ˙Wq ob\-\ 1Yd aZ\,*Zd3Z\ +mW\ a/1W*bn �Sada* Z1,S/SY\y /df\,Z\y WShZ\abnpESWS *Z-1W\YD

b1]1`n f\hd 4*/*bn b1+1 \h1Zn ,*3Zmy ,\]`\aD �*V bm/dY*1jnE ,a1 WS *Z-1Wm f\`\jS1H � �mW\ ,`1YqE V\-/* ,a1\ZS +mWS /\+`mYS S f\`\jSYSD 1/n ,a1f Sf a\4/*W �1-\,*E* �1-\,* Z1 Y\31b a/1W*bn ZSh1-\ ]W\f\-\D \ a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y\/SZ *Z-1W ab*W ]W\fSYD �*V ob\ ]`\S4\jW\H

�b\+m d4Z*bn ob\E /*,*y YmaW1ZZ\ ]1`1Z1a �1Yaq ,/*W �1V\1O/*W �1V\1 ]`\jW\1 P , b\ ,`1YqE V\-/* �\-a\4/*W ]1`,\-\ Yd3hSZd S ]1`,dp 31ZkSZdE /*OY* S ˚,dD 1V\b\`m1 -\,\`qbE hb\ ob\ ,m/dY*ZOZ*q Sab\`SqD \ 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn b*V Z1

ahSb*WD �Z 4Z*WE hb\ ob\ ]`\S4\jW\ Z* a*OY\Y /1W1D

�\b,\`S, /*Y* S ˚,dE�\- ]\a1WSW Sf , V`*aS,\Y a*/dEV\b\`my Z*4m,*Waq '/1Y\YD 'b\b ]`1V`*aZmy ]*`V +mWZ*ab\qkSY `*1YD �\- f\b1WE hb\+m d /*Y* S ˚,m +mW\ YZ\-\/1b1y S hb\+m ,aq Sf +\Wnj*q a1Ynq 3SW* , �*p ,1hZ\D �/Z*V\SY Zd3Z\ +mW\ da,\Sbn \/SZ ,*3Zmy d`\VD �m d31 -\,\`SWSa b\+\y \+ ob\YD ˙*,*y ]\]`\+d1Y ,a]\YZSbnD

�b\ Zd3Z\ +mW\ /1W*bn/*Yd S ˚,1E hb\+m3Sbn ,1hZ\ , �*pH

48

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

�1-\,* `*4`1jSW /*Yd S ˚,1 1abn ,a1 e`dVbmE V\b\`m1`\aWS , b\Y a*/dE S 1abn ab\WnV\E aV\WnV\ SY f\b1W\anD �mW\WSjn \/Z\ /1`1,\E ]W\/m V\b\`\-\ SY 4*]`1k*W\an 1abnD �\-]`1/d]`1/SW \ b\YE hb\ +d/1bE 1aWS \ZS Z*`dj*b 1-\ 4*]`1bD�Z aV*4*WB w 1]`1Y1ZZ\ dY` �1b1x L�mbS1 6B5;C 7B7MD �b*VE h1Yd/\W3Zm +mWS Z*dhSbnaq /*Y S ˚,*H �

�\aWdj*ZSpI ˙*E 3S4Zn 4*,SaSb \b ]\aWdj*ZSq �1-\,1 �\O-dI �*W\ +mW\ WSjn ]`\ab\ a\-W*aSbnaq aWdj*bnaq �\-*D /*YdS ˚,1 Zd3Z\ +mW\ ]`\q,Wqbn ]\aWdj*ZS1 Z* /1W1D �Wdj*qan�\-*E \ZS ]\V*4*WS +mE hb\ Wp+qb 1-\ S f\bqbE hb\+m \Z `dV\O,\/SW SYSD �\-/* \ZS aY\-WS +m 3Sbn ,1hZ\ , �*pD \ hb\E1aWS +m \ZS al1WS ]W\/ a 4*]`1bZ\-\ /1`1,*H � h �1Y +m ob\ -\O,\`SW\H �

� b\YE hb\ d ZSf Z1b ZSV*V\y +W*-\/*`Z\abS V �\-dE V\b\O`my \ ZSf b*V 4*+\bSbaqD bm ]\aWdj*Waq +m �1-\,dE 1aWS+m +mW b*YH � �Z*h*W* /*Y S ˚,* aWdj*WSan �\-*D \4*b1Y Z1Vb\ +\W11 Y\-dk1ab,1ZZmyE h1Y ˚,*E \+Y*ZdW1 �1D �Z aVW\ZSW 1 �1 V Z1]\aWdj*ZSpD �b\ 31 ob\ +mWH �

˚��& �˚E �� #˚��˚ ˚˚ �

�S+WSS aV*4*Z\E hb\ a ˚,\y -\,\`SW*4Y1qD \ ,1/n 4Y1S Z1 Y\-db `*4-\,*`S,*bnD �*V31 b\-/* ob\ \+lqaZSbnH � * a*Y\Y /1W1 -\,\`SW

*Z-1WD \ \Z ]`1/ab*,SW ,a �1 b*VE +d/b\ -\,\`SW* 4Y1qD'b\b *Z-1W 4*/dY*W \h1Zn 4W\1D �Z 4*f\b1WE hb\+m /*YS ˚,* ab*WS ]\VW\Zqbnaq 1YdD �Z f\b1WE hb\+m \ZS /1W*OWS ,a �1E hb\ \Z SY aV*31bD �Z Y1hb*W 4*Zqbn Y1ab\ �\-*D

'b\b 4W\y *Z-1W ]\+d/SW ˚,d /dY*bn \ ]W\f\YD �1`144Y1p \Z aV*4*W 1yB w�\- \+Y*ZdW ,*aD m Z1 dY` �1b1E 1aWS ]\]`\O+d1b1 ]W\/m a ob\-\ /1`1,*D *\+\`\bE ,m ab*Z1b1 Yd/`mYSEV*V �\-xD �\,1`SW +m bm obSY aW\,*YH �

˚,* 4*f\b1W* ]\WdhSbn b\E hb\ �\- 1y Z1 /*WD �Z* ]\]`\+\,*W*]W\/ a 4*]`1bZ\-\ /1`1,*E * 4*b1Y /*W* 1-\ /*YdD /*Y Z1 ]\O,1`SW aW\,*Y 4Y1SD \ 1-\ 31W*ZS1 +mbn a ˚,\y +mW\ aSWnZ11Wp+,S V �\-dD �\ob\Yd \Z b\31 ]\]`\+\,*W 4*]`1bZmy ]W\/L�mbS1 7B5P:C 5 �SY\e1p 6B58MD

�1Y ,a �1 ob\ /Wq ZSf \+1`ZdW\anH � /*Y S ˚,* ab*WS Z1Oa\,1`j1ZZmYSE \ZS a\ab*`SWSan S dY1`WSD ]\aV\WnVd \ZSa*YS ab*WS Z1a\,1`j1ZZmYSE Sf /1bS b\31 dZ*aW1/\,*WS Z1Oa\,1`j1Zab,\EP ,\b ]\h1Yd ,a1 Wp/S ab*`1pb

S dYS`*pbD �\- -\,\`SW ]`*,/dI

b\ a/1W*W b*VE hb\ 4Y1qab*W* `*4-\,*`S,*bn a ˚,\yH

�b\ aWdhSW\an a /*Y\Y S˚,\y ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V \ZSZ1 ]\aWdj*WSan �\-*H

˝S4Zn Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 4*,SaSb \b ]\aWdj*ZSq �\-d L�SYWqZ*Y9B56MD �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ *Z-1WE V\b\`my \+Y*ZdW ˚,dE Z*O4,*Z �*b*Z\y ˙nq,\W\YD /`d-S1 *Z-1WmE V\b\`m1 b\31 ab*WS]W\fSYSE Z*4,*Zm /1Y\Z*YS L�*V\,* 6B5=C �bV`\,1ZS1 56B=MD

�m ]\ZqWE ]\h1Yd f\`\jSy *Z-1WE V\b\`\-\ a\4/*W �\-E ab*W]W\fSYH � �\b\Yd hb\ \Z ab*W /dY*bn \ ]W\f\YD �Z 4*f\b1Wab*bn a*YmY -W*,ZmYD �Z 4Z*WE hb\ �\- ]\,1W1W /*Yd S ˚,1SY1bn /1b1yE S 4*f\b1WE hb\+m ,a1 \ZS ]\VW\ZqWSan 1YdE * Z1�\-dD ˙nq,\W f\h1b a/1W*bn b*VE hb\+m ZS \/SZ h1W\,1V Z1 aWdOj*Waq �1-\,dD �\ob\Yd \Z ]mb*1baq 4*ab*,Sbn Z*a /dY*bn\ ]W\f\Y L�*V\,* 5B57P59MD

˙nq,\W -\,\`SbE hb\ ZSVb\ ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd Z1 Wp+Sb �1-\,dD�Z db,1`3/*1bE hb\ ZS bmE ZS q Z1 Wp+SY �1-\,d S hb\ Z* a*OY\Y /1W1 Ym Z1 f\bSY /1W*bn b\E \ h �1Y ]`\aSb Z*a �\-D �Z -\O,\`SbE hb\ Ym aWdj*1Yaq �1-\,dE WSjn V\-/* Z*Y ob\ ,m-\/Z\D�*4,1 \Z ]`*,H 1d31WS Ym b*VS1E V*VSYS Z*a ]`1/ab*,Wq1b˙nq,\WH

1WSVSy �hSb1Wn Z*4,*W ˙nq,\W* W31g\YI �Sada aWdj*Waq�1-\,d S b1Y a*YmY /\V*4*WE hb\ ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd 1-\ Wp+SbI�Sada aWdj*Waq �\-* Z1 b\WnV\ V\-/* ob\ +mW\ W1-V\D �Z +mW]\aWdjZmY ,a1-/*E /*31 V\-/* /`d-S1 Wp/S hSZSWS 1Yd ]`1O]qbab,SqD �Z \ab*Waq ,1`ZmY �1-\,1 /\ a*Y\y aY1`bSD \b ]\Oh1Yd �\- ,\aV`1aSW 1-\E /*`\,*, 1Yd ,1hZdp 3S4ZnD

�b*VE Vb\E ]\Ob,\1YdE Z*j 4W1yjSy ,`*-H � ˙*E ob\ �*b*Z*˙nq,\WD �\31jn WS bm 1-\ d,S/1bnH � �\Z1hZ\ 31E Z1bI \ Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ \Z adk1ab,d1bD �Z Z*YZ\-\ Y\-dk1ab,1ZZ11Z*aD Vb\ aSWnZ11 ˙nq,\W*H � �1-\,* �\-D �\ob\Yd ZSV\-/*Z1 a\YZ1,*yaqE hb\ �\- Y\31b 4*kSbSbn b1+q \b ob\-\ V\,*`OZ\-\ ,`*-*D

�`\hSb*y \ �\YE V\Yd \/Z\Yd Ym /\W3Zm ]\VW\ZqbnaqB �b\O`\4*V\ZS1 7>B5=E 6>C �Sada �*,SZ 68B58E 59C �`SbhS 6;B55 S *bOe1q 8B5>D

˚��& �˚E �� #˚��˚ ˚˚ �

51

� ˚�˚ V\-/*OZS+d/n ]`1/W*-*WS a/1W*bn hb\Ob\ ]W\f\1H ��\31bE b1+q /*31 ]\/4*/\`S,*WSB w˙*,*yE /*,*yE Z1b`danIx �WS -\,\`SWSB w˙* , ob\Y Z1b ZSh1-\ ]W\f\-\E

Z*\+\`\bE +d/1b ,1a1W\Ix �V*3SE +m,*W\ b*V\1H � �\-/* Vb\Ob\]\abd]*1b b*VE \Z SaVdj*1b Z*aE SWS aVW\Zq1b V h1YdOb\ ]W\Of\YdD

\ hb\ /1W*bnE V\-/* Z*a SaVdj*pbH ˙\W3Zm WS Ym dabdO]Sbn S a/1W*bn b\E V h1Yd Z*a ]\/b*WVS,*pb /`d-S1H � 'b\ Z1]\Z`*,SW\an +m �1-\,1 �\-dD \ 4Z*1jnE V\Yd +m ob\ ]\Z`*O,SW\anH � ˙*E �*b*Z1 ˙nq,\WdD

�*b*Z* P ,`*- �\-*D �Z b*V31 S Z*j ,`*-D �m Z1 Y\31Y 1-\d,S/1bnE ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z /dfD \ \Z ,S/Sb Z*aD �/Z*3/m ˙nq,\W4*-\,\`SW a �Sada\YE 1WSVSY �hSb1W1YE 31W*q 1-\ SaVdaSbnD˙*,*y d4Z*1YE V*V ]\, �1W a1+q �SadaD 'b\ ]\Y\31b Z*Y ]\ZqbnEV*V ]`*,SWnZ\ ]\abd]*bnE V\-/* Z*a SaVdj*pbD

�Sada ,a1-/* 31W*W Sa]\WZqbn �\3np ,\WpD �Z \bV`mb\ ]\OV*4*W ob\E V`1abS,jSan , `1V1 �\`/*ZD aV\`1 ]\aW1V`1k1ZSq �*b*Z* ab*W SaVdj*bn �Sada*D �S+WSS-\,\`SbaqE hb\ ]`S V`1k1ZSS �Sadad w\bV`mWSanZ1+1a*x L�*be1q 7B5:MD 'b\ Y\-W\ \4Z*h*bnE hb\b1]1`n �Sada ,a]\YZSW ,a �1E hb\ ]`\Saf\/SW\ aZSY Z* Z1+1E V\-/* \Z 3SW a �\-\YD

xy � � � � � = vw

˚ ��˙˙��•�)��"˚ �)�

� h �1YE ,\4Y\3Z\E ,a]\YZSW�Sada ]\aW1 V`1k1ZSqH

52

�`1abS,jSanE �Sada ]\j �1W , ]dabmZpE hb\+m ]\`*4YmjOWqbn Z*/ b1YE hb\ 1Yd \bV`mW\an S ,a]\YZSW\anD �Z ]`\, �1W b*Ya\`\V /Z1y S a\`\V Z\h1yD a �1 ob\ ,`1Yq �Sada ZSh1-\ Z1 1W S]\ob\Yd aSWnZ\ ]`\-\W\/*WaqD �Y1ZZ\ b\-/* �*b*Z* S ab*W SaOVdj*bn �Sada*D

˙nq,\W aV*4*WB w˚aWS bm amZ �\-*E ]\,1WS obSY V*YZqYa/1W*bnaq fW1+\YxD �*VSY 31 ,VdaZmY +m,*1b fW1+I ]dabmZ1\Z ]`Sj �1Waq +m V*V `*4 Vab*bSD Y\- WS �Sada ]`1,`*bSbnV*YZS , fW1+H � �\Z1hZ\E Y\-D 1/n \Z +mW �mZ\Y �\-* S \+W*O/*W Z1\+mVZ\,1ZZ\y aSW\yD

bm a\-W*aSWaq +m ]`1,`*bSbn V*YZS , fW1+E 1aWS +m b1+1ob\ ]`1/W\3SW ˙nq,\WH � �Sada +mW -\W\/1ZD 1d31WS \Z Z1Y\- a/1W*bn ob\ ,a1-\ WSjn \/SZ `*4H � �Sada 4Z*WE hb\ +mW\Z1]`*,SWnZ\ ]\Wn4\,*bnaq a,\1y aSW\y b*VSY \+`*4\YD �Sada]\WdhSW obd aSWd \b �1-\,m Z1 /Wq b\-\E hb\+m ]\Wn4\,*bnaq1p /Wq a,\1y ,m-\/mE * /Wq b\-\E hb\+m ]\+d3/*bn Wp/1y ]`SO+WS3*bnaq V �\-dD

�\ob\Yd �Sada Z*]\YZSW �*b*Z1 b\E hb\ 4*]Sa*Z\ , �S+OWSSB w�1W\,1V /\W31Z 3Sbn Z1 \/ZSY WSjnfW1+\YE Z\ V*3/mY aW\,\YE V\b\`\1 Saf\/SbS4 dab �1-\,mxD �Sada 4Z*WB /1W*bn b\E hb\]`SqbZ\ �1-\,1E ,*3Z11 Wp+\y 1/mD

�/Z*V\ ˙nq,\W Z1 da]\V\SWaqD �Z]1`1Z �1a �Sada* , �1`da*WSY S ]\ab*O

�b\ ˙nq,\WE SaVdj*q�Sada*E ]`1/W\3SW 1Yda/1W*bn a V*YZqYSH

˚ ��˙˙•�) ��"˚ �)�

,SW 1-\ Z* ,ma\Vdp ab1Zd f`*Y*D �*b*Z* aV*4*WB w˚aWS bm amZ�\-*E a]`m-ZS a\ ab1ZmD 1/n Z*]Sa*Z\E hb\ �\3nS *Z-1Wm +dO/db \+1`1-*bn b1+qxD

˛*h1Y �*b*Z* ob\ aV*4*WH � �Z SaVdj*W �Sada*D �Z f\b1WEhb\+m �Sada a\,1`jSW hb\OZS+d/n +14`*aad/Z\1D \ �Sada SZ* ob\b `*4 Z1 ]\aWdj*Waq �*b*ZdD �Z \b,1bSWB w�*V31 Z*]Sa*OZ\B t 1 Sa]mbm,*y �1-\,dE �\-* b,\1-\rxD �Sada 4Z*WE hb\ +mW\+m Z1]`*,SWnZ\ Sa]mbm,*bn �1-\,dE `SaVdq a,\1y 3S4ZnpD

\ �*b*Z* Z1 a/*,*WaqD �Z ,4qW �Sada* Z* Z1\+mh*yZ\ ,mOa\Vdp -\`d S ]\V*4*W 1Yd ,a1 g*`ab,*E SWS ]`*,Sb1Wnab,*E YS`*S ,ap Sf aW*,dD �*b*Z* ]`1/W\3SW �SadadB wa �1 ob\ /*Y b1+1E1aWS ]*/ �1jn S ]\VW\ZSjnaq YZ1xD

˙*,*y Z1YZ\-\ ]\`*4YmjWq1YD * a*Y\Y WS /1W1 ,a1 g*`Oab,*E SWS ]`*,Sb1Wnab,*E YS`* ]`SZ*/W13*b �*b*Z1H � �Sadaob\-\ Z1 \b`Sg*WD ˚aWS +m ob\ +mW\ Z1 b*VE �Sada \+q4*b1WnZ\aV*4*W +m \+ ob\YD ˙*E �*b*Z* Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 d]`*,Wq1b ,a1YSZ*`\/*YSD �S+WSS \Z /*31 Z*4,*Z w]`*,Sb1W1Y ob\-\ YS`*xL�\*ZZ* 56B75MD

V*V ]\abd]SW +m bmE 1aWS +m �*b*Z* ]`1/W\3SW b1+1B w�\OVW\ZSan YZ1 S b\-/* ]\WdhSjn ,a �1E hb\ 4*f\h1jnxH � �Sada]\ZSY*WB h1Y +m ZS 4*Y*ZS,*W ˙nq,\WE ]\VW\Zqbnaq 1Yd +mW\Z1]`*,SWnZ\D �\ob\Yd �Sada aV*4*WB w�b\y/SE �*b*Z*I �S+OWSS Z*]Sa*Z\E hb\ Zd3Z\ ]\VW\Zqbnaq b\WnV\ �1-\,1E �\-db,\1YdE S b\WnV\ 1Yd \/Z\Yd aWd3Sbnx L�*be1q 8B5P5>C �dVS8B5P57MD

�m b\31 ab*WVS,*1Yaq a SaVdj1ZSqYSD ˛Z*1jnE a V*VSOYSH � \b \/SZ ]`SY1`D �`1/ab*,nE hb\ b,\q Y*Y* ]`S-\b\,SOW* Z* /1a1`b ,VdaZmy b\`b SWS ]S`\-D �Z* aV*4*W* b1+1 Z1b`\-*bn 1-\ /\ \+1/*D \ bm aSWnZ\ ]`\-\W\/*WaqD �1+1 \h1Znf\h1baq ]\]`\+\,*bn f\bq +m Y*W1ZnVSy Vda\h1VD �*V bm ]\Oabd]SjnH �\aWdj*1jnaq WS bm Y*YdH � �*b*Z* +m \h1Zn f\Ob1WE hb\+m bm 1 �1 Z1 ]\aWdj*WaqD

54

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

a]\YZS ]`SY1` �Sada*D �Z b\31 +mW-\W\/1ZD \ \Z ]\ZSY*WE hb\ ,*3Z11 +mW\`*/\,*bn �\-*D �d/n d,1`1ZE hb\ aWdj*qan Y*OYdE bm ]\/`*3*1jn �SadadD

\4Y\3Z\E /`d-S1 /1bS ]`1/W\3*b b1+1al1abn b*+W1bVSD �ZS Y\-db /*31 db,1`O3/*bnE hb\ \b ob\-\ b1+1 ab*Z1b ,1a1W11 S bm+d/1jn ]`1,\af\/Z\ a1+q hd,ab,\,*bnD \,1/n ob\ Y\-db +mbn Z*`V\bSVSD �b ZSf bmY\31jn bq31W\ 4*+\W1bn S /*31 dY1`1bnD

�\h1Yd �*b*Z* Y\- ]`1/W\3Sbn �Sadad ,a1 obS g*`ab,*H

�b\ bm +d/1jn/1W*bnE 1aWSab\WVZ �1jnaq

a SaVdj1ZS1YH

�WS 31 b1+1 Y\-db ]`1/W\3Sbn aS-*`1bdE , V\b\`\y b*V31 a\O/1`3*baq Z*`V\bSVSE S aV*4*bnB w˙*,*y 4*Vd`SYE Z1 +\yaqxD�*V bm ]\abd]SjnH �

a]\YZS ]`SY1` �Sada*D �*b*Z* ]\+d3/*W 1-\ ]\/,1`-Zdbna,\p 3S4Zn \]*aZ\abS S a]`m-Zdbn a\ ab1Zm f`*Y*D \ �Sadaob\-\ Z1 a/1W*WD hb\ +d/1jn /1W*bn bmE 1aWS b1+q +d/db ]\/Ob*WVS,*bn V h1YdOb\ \]*aZ\YdH � �Sada Z1 ab*W aWdj*bn �*b*OZdD �\ob\Yd bm b\31 Z1 aWdj*y ZSV\-\E Vb\ ]mb*1baq4*ab*,Sbn b1+q ]\abd]Sbn ]W\f\D

�\31b aWdhSbnaq S b*VE hb\ b1+q +d/db 4*ab*,Wqbn ]\VW\OZqbnaq h1YdOb\ P /1W*bn b\E hb\ \ad3/*1baq , �S+WSS L�af\/6>B8E 9MD 'b\ Y\31b aWdhSbnaq Z* jV\WnZ\Y ]`*4/ZSV1 SWS

g1`1Y\ZSSD �1+1 Y\-db /*31 ]`S-`\4SbnE hb\ b1O+q ,m-\Zqb S4 jV\WmE 1aWS bm \bV*31jnaqD�*V bm ]\abd]SjnH �

�1-V\ ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\E V\-/* ,a1,\V`d- b*V ]\abd]*pbD ,\b V\-/* /`dO-S1 ]\/b*WVS,*pb b1+q V ]W\f\YdE ob\Y\31b ab*bn Z*ab\qkSY Sa]mb*ZS1YD�1+q Y\-db /*31 d,1`qbnE hb\ , ob\Y Z1bZSh1-\ ]W\f\-\D \ ,*3Z11 ,a1-\ b\E V*VZ* ob\ aY\b`Sb �\-D 1/n \Z 4Z*1b Wdhj1D

�*V +m Z*a ZS d+13/*WS /`d-S1E YmZSV\-/* Z1 /\W3Zm /1W*bn b\E hb\ �\-ahSb*1b Z1]`*,SWnZmYD �\-/* �\- +d/1bZ*YS /\,\W1Z S Ym Z1 +d/1Y `*/\,*bn˙nq,\W*D

�4 obSf abSf\, Ym d4Z ‹*1Y +\Wnj1\ b\YE V*V Z1 ]\//*bnaq SaVdj1ZSpa/1W*bn hb\Ob\ ]W\f\1B �a*W\Y 5B5E 6C�`SbhS 5B5>E 55C *be1q 6:B85 S 6 �SY\Oe1p 6B66D

�\h1YdZ1]`*,SWnZ\]\VW\Zqbnaq �\-da ]\Y\knp S4\+`*31ZSyH 56

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

�% �� "&E ]\h1Yd \/SZ S4*Z-1W\, �\-* ab*W �*b*Z\y ˙nq,\OW\YH � �Z ,\aab*W ]`\bS, �\-*E ]\O

b\Yd hb\ ]\j �1W Z* ]\,\/d d a,\Sf ]W\fSf31W*ZSyD �Z 4*f\b1WE hb\+m 1Yd ]\VW\ZqOWSanD �`Sa\1/SZSWSan WS V �*b*Z1 S /`d-S1 *ZO-1WmH � ˙*D �S+WSS \ZS Z*4,*Zm *Z-1W*YS�*b*ZmE SWS /1Y\Z*YS L�bV`\,1ZS1 56B=MD

1`qb WS obS ]W\fS1 *Z-1WmE SWS /1Y\ZmE , �\O-*H � ˙*E /1Y\Zm ,1`qbE hb\ �\- adk1ab,d1bE S \+ob\Y -\,\`Sbaq , �S+WSS L�*V\,* 6B5=MD \a1yh*a \ZS /`\3*b \b ab`*f*D 1/n \ZS 4Z*OpbE hb\ �\- Z*V*31b Sf 4* ,a1 4Wm1 /1W*EV\b\`m1 \ZS a\,1`jSWSD �b\ 31 \ZSa/1W*WS ]W\f\-\H �

�S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ obS *ZO-1Wm ]\VSZdWS a,\y /\Y Z* Z1+1S a\jWS Z* 41YWpE hb\+m3Sbn , \+`*41 Yd3hSZD� ,a �1 ob\ /Wq b\-\E hb\+mSY1bn ]\W\,m1 \bZ\j1ZSq aV`*aS,mYS 31ZkSZ*YSE V\Ob\`m1 3SWS Z* 41YW1 L�mbS1:B5E 6C �d/m :MD �b\ bm 4Z*1jn\ ]\W\,mf \bZ\j1ZSqfH �

xy � � � � � 5 > vw

�� ˚˚ ��& �˙ ˙˚��

�b\ ]W\f\-\a/1W*WS obS

*Z-1WmH

�\-/* Yd3hSZ* S 31ZkSZ* ab*Z\,qbaq ]\O\a\+1ZOZ\Yd +WS4VS P ob\ S 1abn ]\W\,m1 \bZ\j1ZSqD �\aW1ob\-\ ,Zdb`S Y*YmE V*V ]`*,SW\E Z*hSZ*1b `*abS `1O+ �1Z\VD \ *Z-1W*Y Z1Wn4q +mW\ SY1bn ]\W\,m1 \bZ\Oj1ZSqD �\- 31W*WE hb\+m b\WnV\ Yd3 S 31Z* SY1WSb*VS1 \bZ\j1ZSqD 1/n 1aWS `\/Sbaq `1+ �1Z\VE \ZS aY\O-db \ Z �1Y ]\4*+\bSbnaqD

Z-1Wm \+W1V*WSan , h1W\,1h1aVS1 b1W* S ,abdO]*WS , Z1/\4,\W1ZZm1 \bZ\j1ZSq a 31ZkSZ*YS Z*41YW1D ˙1bSE V\b\`m1 d ZSf `\3/*WSanE ,m`*ab*qEab*Z\,SWSan ,1WSV*Z*YSD �ZS +mWS \h1Zn 31Oab\VSYS S S4/1,*WSan Z*/ Wp/nYSD �b\+m\hSabSbn 41YWp \b ,1WSV*Z\, S ,a1f 4WmfWp/1yE �\- Z*, �1W ,1WSVSy ]\b\]D �/Z*V\\Z ]\,1W1W \p ]\ab`\Sbn V\,h1-E\-`\YZmy V\`*+WnE S a]*abS b1fE Vb\]\abd]*W ]`*,SWnZ\D 1WSVSy �hSOb1Wn -\,\`SWE V*V ,*3Z\ ]\YZSbn \

b\YE hb\ ]`\S4\jW\ ,\ ,`1Yq�\b\]* L�mbS1 :B7E 8E 57E 58C�dVS 5;B6:E 6;MD

˛Z*1jnE hb\ aWdhSW\an a]W\fSYS *Z-1W*YSE V\-/*Z*h*Waq �\b\]H � �ZSa+`\aSWS h1W\,1h1aVS1 b1OW* S ,1`ZdWSan Z* Z1+\D \\ZS Z1 Y\-WS +\Wnj1 \ab*O,*bnaq *Z-1W*YS �\-*E ]\O

�\h1Yd 3Sbn Z* 41YW1a1yh*a bq31W\V*V ZSV\-/*H

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

ob\Yd \ZS ab*WS *Z-1W*YS �*b*ZmE SWS /1Y\Z*YSD hb\ ab*W\a Sf /1bnYSE ,1WSV*Z*YSH � �ZS ]\-S+WS , �\b\]1D �* 31dh*abn ]\abS-W* ,a1f b1fE Vb\ Z1 aWdj*Waq �\-*D

�\ ,`1Y �1Z �\b\]* �\- +\Wnj1 Z1 ]\4,\WqW /1Y\Z*Y ]`SOZSY*bn h1W\,1h1aVSy \+WSVD \ f\bq Ym Z1 Y\31Y Sf d,S/1bnE/1Y\Zm ,a �1 b*V 31 ]mb*pbaq 4*ab*,Sbn Wp/1y b,\`Sbn 4W\D�1yh*a \ZS ]`SZ\aqb +\Wnj1 +1/E h1Y V\-/* +m b\ ZS +mW\D� ob\ ]\b\YdE hb\ \ZS +mWS a+`\j1Zm a Z1+1a Z* 41YWpD

˛Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd Ym Z1 Y\31Y ,S/1bn /1Y\Z\,H � �\b\Ydhb\ \ZS Z1,S/SYm /Wq h1W\,1h1aVSf -W*4D \ Y\3Z\ Z1 a\YZ1O,*bnaqB \ZS Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 adk1ab,dpbD �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\�*b*Z* w,,\/Sb , 4*+Wd3/1ZS1x Wp/1y ,\ ,a �1Y YS`1 S /1Y\Zm1Yd , ob\Y ]\Y\-*pb L�bV`\,1ZS1 56B=E 56MD

�\-db WS ˙nq,\W S 1-\ /1Y\Zm \+Y*Zdbn S Z*aH � ˙*E 1aWSYm Z1\ab\`\3ZmD \ Z*Y Z1 ab\Sb Sf +\qbnaqD 1WSVSy �hSOb1Wn aV*4*WB w˙nq,\W Z1 SY11b Z*/\ YZ\y ,W*abSxD ˚aWS Ym /`dO3SY a �\-\YE \Z 4*kSbSb Z*a \b ˙nq,\W* S 1-\ /1Y\Z\,L�\*ZZ* 58B7>MD

*3Z\ 4Z*bnE V V*VSY ]W\fSY ]\abd]V*Y Y\-db aVW\ZSbnZ*a /1Y\ZmD ˙*,*y ]\`*4YmjWq1YD �*V\1 4W\ b,\`SWS /1Y\ZmZ* 41YW1H � \ /ZS ]1`1/ �\b\]\Y \ZS ,abd]*WS , ]\W\,m1\bZ\j1ZSq a 31ZkSZ*YSE * /Wq *Z-1W\, ob\ +mW\ Z1]\4,\WSOb1WnZ\D �1-\/Zq /1Y\Z*Y Z`*,SbaqE V\-/* Wp/S Z*`dj*pb 4*OV\Zm �\-* \ ]\W\,mf \bZ\j1ZSqfD �V*3SE Vb\ b\WnV\ Y\31bSY1bn ]\W\,m1 \bZ\j1ZSqH � �`*,SWnZ\E b\WnV\ 31Z*bm1Wp/SD

�1-\/Zq Z1V\b\`m1 /1bS ,abd]*pb , ]\W\,m1 \bZ\j1ZSqEZ\ /Wq ZSf ob\ Z1]\4,\WSb1WnZ\D �S+WSS d]\YSZ*1baq \ ]\OW\,mf \`-*Z*f Lb\`\4*V\ZS1 67B5MD �1-\,* a\4/*W obS h*abSb1W* /Wq \a\+\y g1WSE ]`1/Z*4Z*h1ZZ\y b\WnV\ /Wq 31Z*bmfWp/1yD �\-/* Wp/S /1W*pb b\E hb\ �1-\,* 4*]`1k*1bE /1Y\Zm

�� ˚˚� ��& ˙ ˙˚��

59

`*/dpbaqD *]`SY1`E /1Y\Zm `*/dpbaqE V\-/* Y*WnhSV S /1O,\hV* S-`*pb a ]\W\,mYS \`-*Z*YS /`d- /`d-*D \ Ym ,1/n Z1f\bSY `*/\,*bn /1Y\Z\,E ]`*,/*H �

˚abn 1k �1 V\1Ohb\E hb\ Wp+qb /1Y\ZmE Z\ Z1Z*,S/Sb �1-\,*D˛Z*1jnE hb\ ob\H � *aSWS1 L�a*W\Y 5>B9MD *aSWS1 P ob\ 31Oab\V\1 ]\,1/1ZS1E S4/1,*b1Wnab,\ Z*/ /`d-SYSD a]\YZSESY1ZZ\ b*V S ]\abd]*WS ,1WSV*ZmE amZ\,nq /1Y\Z\,D

�`\Y1 b\-\E /1Y\Z*Y Z`*,Sbaq ]d-*bn Wp/1yD �Z\-/* \ZS,m/*pb a1+q 4* dY1`jSfD ˙1Y\Zm Y\-db /*31 ]\/`*3*bn -\W\Oa*Y dY1`jSfD �*V \ZS \+Y*Zm,*pb YZ\-Sf Wp/1yE a\4/*,*q,]1h*bW1ZS1E +d/b\ dY1`jS1 ]`\/\W3*pb 3Sbn ]\aW1 aY1`bSS `*4-\,*`S,*pb a 3S,mYSD ˙*E /1Y\Zm 4*ab*,Wqpb YZ\-Sf,1`Sbn , ]`S,S/1ZSqD

*Y Zd3Z\ +mbn \h1Zn \ab\`\3ZmOYSE hb\+m �*b*Z* S 1-\ /1Y\Zm Z1 \+Y*OZdWS Z*aD �S+WSq ]`1/d]`13/*1bE hb\�*b*Z* ]mb*1baq ,m/*bn a1+q 4* f\`\j1O

�b\ Y\31b]`\S4\ybSE

1aWS Ym +d/1YaY\b`1bn Z*

Z*aSWS1H

60

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

-\ *Z-1W*D �*V ]\abd]*pb S 1-\ aWd3Sb1WS L6 �\`SZeqZ*Y55B58E 59MD * a*Y\Y 31 /1W1 /1Y\Zm \h1Zn 4Wm1D ˙*,*y]\aY\b`SYE V*V \ZS ]mb*pbaq 4*ab*,Sbn Z*a ab*bn ]\f\3SYSZ* ZSfD

�\/dY*yE -/1 Wp/S dh*baq Z*aSWSp SZ1/\4,\W1ZZmY ]\W\,mY \bZ\j1ZSqYEd4Z*pb \ / ‹df*f S ]`S,S/1ZSqfH ��*4,1 Z1 ,\ ,`1Yq ]`\aY\b`* \]O`1/1W �1ZZmf b1W1]1`1/*h S eSWnOY\,H �*4,1 Z1 b\-/*E V\-/* \ZSS-`*pb , V\Y]npb1`Zm1 S ,SO/1\S-`mE ]\Wn4dpbaq �Zb1`Z1Ob\Y S hSb*pb V\YSVamH �*V bm/dY*1jnE V V\Yd ]`S+WS3*pb Z*ab*VS1 4*ZqbSq P V �\-d SWS V ˙nqO,\Wd S 1-\ /1Y\Z*YH �

�b\E ]\Ob,\1YdE f\h1bE hb\+m Ym aWdOj*WS S aY\b`1WS ,a �1 ]W\f\1H � ˙*E �*b*OZ* S 1-\ /1Y\ZmD �b\ ]\ob\Yd b1+1 S YZ1Zd3Z\ /1W*bnH � *Y Z1\+f\/SY\ hSb*bnE aWdj*bn S aY\b`1bnb\E hb\ /Wq Z*a ]\W14Z\ S hb\ ]\Y\-*1b Z*Y aWd3Sbn �1-\,1D�*V bm /dY*1jnE hb\ V ob\Yd \bZ\aSbaqH �

˚aWS Ym /1W*1Y b\E hb\ ]`*,SWnZ\E Z*Y Z1 Zd3Z\ +\qbnaq/1Y\Z\,D �Sada Z*YZ\-\ aSWnZ11 SfE S \ZS a*YS 1-\ \h1Zn +\OqbaqD �/Z*3/m /1Y\Zm , ab`*f1 a]`\aSWS �Sada*B w�m ]`Sj �1W]\-d+Sbn Z*aHx L�*`V* 5B68MD �*V 31 Ym +d/1Y `*/\,*bnaqE V\-O/* , Z*4Z*h1ZZ\1 ,`1Yq �Sada dZShb\3Sb �*b*Zd S 1-\ /1Y\OZ\,I �`*,/*H � ]\V* Ym Y\31Y +mbn d,1`1ZmE hb\ �Sada4*kSbSb Z*a \b /1Y\Z\,E 1aWS Ym +d/1Y /`d3Sbn a ZSY S a 1-\�bg\YD

˙*,*y ]`\hSb*1Y \ b\YE hb\ Z*Y Zd3Z\ /1W*bnB 5 �1b`*9B<E = S �*V\,* 8 B;E <D

�1Y ]\W14Z\4*ZSY*bnaqH

�� ˚˚� ��& ˙ ˙˚��

61

�˚��%˚ -\,\`qbE hb\ ,1`qb b\WnV\ , b\E hb\ ,S/qbD \ ob\ 31 -Wd]\D 1/n , YS`1 b*V YZ\-\ b\-\E hb\ Z1,SO/SY\ /Wq h1W\,1h1aVSf -W*4D �b\ ]1`,\1 b1+1 ]`Sf\/Sb

Z* dYH �

4qbnE V ]`SY1`dE ,\4/dfE V\b\`mY Ym /mjSYD �\31Y WSYm 1-\ ]\hd,ab,\,*bnH � �`\bqZS `dVd S ]\/dy Z* Z1 �1D �mhb\OZS+d/n hd,ab,d1jnH � ˙*E Z\ ,1/n ,S/1bn ,\4/df Ym Z1 Y\O31YE ]`*,/*H �

�m d31 -\,\`SWSE hb\ 1abn /df\,Zm1 WShZ\abSE V\b\`mf YmZ1 Y\31Y ,S/1bnD �m d4Z*WSE hb\ Z1V\b\`m1 S4 ZSf f\`\jS1E* /`d-S1 ]W\fS1D *4\,S Z1V\b\`mf f\`\jSf /df\,Zmf WShZ\Oab1yE V\b\`mf Ym Z1 Y\31Y ,S/1bnD � ˙*E ob\ �1-\,* �\-E �SOada S /\+`m1 *Z-1WmD �dk1ab,dpb WS 4Wm1 *Z-1WmH � �S+WSq-\,\`SbE hb\ /*D �*aaV*3SE hb\ bm \ ZSf d4Z*WD �

�m d4Z*WSE hb\ V*V /\+`m1E b*V S 4Wm1 *Z-1Wm Z*YZ\-\ aSWnOZ11 Z*aD 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn YZ\-\1 4Z*W \+ *Z-1W*fD 'b\ ]\b\YdEhb\ /\ a,\1-\ `\3/1ZSq Z* 41YW1 \Z a*Y +mW *Z-1W\YD �Z 3SW,Y1ab1 a /`d-SYS *Z-1W*YS Z* Z1+1D �Z 4Z*W YSWWS\Zm S4 ZSfD� ,a1f WS *Z-1W\, 1abn SY1Z*H �

�m d4Z*WSE hb\ �\- Z*4,*W ]\ SY1ZS V*3/dp 4,14/dD �\oOb\Yd Y\3Z\ Z1 a\YZ1,*bnaqE hb\ d *Z-1W\, b\31 1abn SY1Z*D� Ym 4Z*1YE hb\ \ZS Y\-db `*4-\,*`S,*bn /`d- a /`d-\YE ,1/n ,�S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ adk1ab,d1b wq4mVDDD *Z-1W\,x L5 �\`SZOeqZ*Y 57B5MD �*V bm /dY*1jnE \ h �1Y `*4-\,*`S,*pb *Z-1WmH�\31bE \ZS -\,\`qb \ Z*aE 3S,dkSf Z* 41YW1H �

�m 4Z*1YE hb\ *Z-1Wm �*b*ZmE /1Y\ZmE ]\/b*WVS,*pb Z*aV Z1]\aWdj*ZSpE \ZS f\bqbE hb\+m Ym Z1 aWdj*WSan �1-\,dD

xy � � � � � 5 5 vw

��#& ��˝&�� ˚��

62

�\ob\Yd \ZSE aV\`11 ,a1-\E -\,\`qb \ b\YE V*V a+Sbn Z*a a ]`*O,SWnZ\-\ ]dbSD �ZS f\bqbE hb\+m Ym ab*WS b*VSYS 31E V*V \ZSES hb\+m �1-\,* ]1`1ab*W Z*a Wp+SbnD \ h �1Y -\,\`qb ,1`Zm1�\-d *Z-1WmH �\31bE b\31 \ Z*aH � �\Z1hZ\D 1/n \ZS 31W*pbZ*Y ]\Y\hnD �\hd `*aaV*4*bn b1+1 \ b\YE V*V Z1V\b\`m1 *Z-1Wm�\-* ]\Y\-WS Wp/qYE V\b\`m1 Wp+SWS �1-\,d S aWd3SWS 1YdD

˙*,ZmYO/*,Z\ , -\`\/1 *,SW\Z1 3SW h1W\,1V ]\ SY1ZS ˙*OZSSWD �\WnjSZab,\ 3Sb1W1y b\-\ -\`\/* Z1 Wp+SWS �1-\,dD 1V\b\`m1 Wp/S /*31 S4/*WS 4*V\Z \ b\YE hb\+m Z*V*4m,*bn,aqV\-\E Vb\ Y\WSbaq �1-\,1 �\-dD \ ˙*ZSSW Z1 Sa]d-*WaqE\Z ]`\/\W3*W Y\WSbnaq �1-\,1D ˛Z*1jnE hb\ obS Wp/S a/1W*OWS a ˙*ZSSW\YH �

˙*E 4Wm1 Wp/S +`\aSWS ˙*ZSSW* , Wn,SZmy `\,D ˙*ZSSW\V*4*Waq \/SZ a`1/S -\W\/Zmf

Wn,\,D ˛Z*1jnE hb\a ZSY ]`\S4\jW\H �

w�\- ]\aW*W a,\1-\ *Z-1W*S 4*-`*/SW ]*abn Wn,*YxEP aV*O

4*W ˙*ZSSWD * ˙*ZSSW1 Z1 +mW\

*V �\- a]*a ˙*ZSSW*H

��#& ��˝&�� ˚��

63

ZS g*`*]SZVSI ˙*E *Z-1Wm Y\-db b,\`Sbn hd/1a* /Wq b1fE Vb\aWd3Sb �1-\,1 L˙*ZSSW :B5<P66MD

�/Z*3/m aWdhSW\an b*VE hb\ � �1b` ]\]*W , bp`nYdD �mE Z*O,1`ZqV*E ]\YZSjnE hb\ � �1b` +mW /`d-\Y 1WSV\-\ �hSb1WqE�Sada* �`Sab*D 1V\b\`mY Wp/qY Z1 Z`*,SW\anE hb\ � �1b``*aaV*4m,*W \+ �Sada1 S Z*4m,*W 1-\ �mZ\Y �\-*D �\ob\Yd\ZS ]\a*/SWS �1b`* , bp`nYdD �1b`* Z1dab*ZZ\ ab1`1-WS,\SZmE hb\+m \Z Z1 d+13*WD �\- WS 1-\ Vb\OZS+d/n \a,\+\O/SbnH �

� �1b` a]*W Y13/d /,dYq ,\SZ*YSE `dVS d Z1-\ +mWS aV\,*OZm g1]qYSD �/Z*V\ , �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w\bE ]`Sj �1W *Z-1W

*V *Z-1W \a,\+\/SW �1b`*S4 bp`nYmH

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

�1-\,mE S , V*Y1`1 4*aSqW a,1bD �\WVZd, �1b`* , +\VE *Z-1W`*4+d/SW 1-\E -\,\`qB tab*,*y +mab`11Irx

b\b a*Ymy Y\Y1Zb g1]S d]*WS a `dV �1b`*I Z-1WaV*4*W 1YdB w�/1ZnaqE Z*/1Zn a*Z/*WSS S aW1/dy 4* YZ\yxD \SOZm Z1 Y\-WS \ab*Z\,Sbn �1b`*E ]\aV\WnVd 1Yd ]\Y\-*W *Z-1WD�*V b\WnV\ � �1b` ]\/\j �1W V 31W14ZmY ,\`\b*YE aWdhSW\an Z1O,1`\qbZ\1D \`\b* \bV`mWSan a*YS a\+\yI 'b\b *Z-1W \a,\+\O/SW �1b`*E hb\+m \Z Y\- ]`\/\W3*bn ]`\]\,1/\,*bn L˙1qZSq56B7P55MD

�\-db WS �\3nS *Z-1Wm ]\Y\hn S Z*YH � ˙*D \ \4Z*h*1b WSob\E hb\ \ZS +d/db \+1`1-*bn Z*a \b ,a1f +1/ S Z1ah*abSyH � 1bE \ZS Z1 ab*Zdb ]\Y\-*bn Z*YE 1aWS Ym ]\abd]*1Y +14`*aOad/Z\D \ /*31 1aWS Ym ,1/ �1Y a1+q ]`*,SWnZ\E Ym ,a �1 `*,Z\Y\31Y ab\WVZdbnaq a b`d/Z\abqYSD Z-1W*Y Z1 +mW\ ]\`dh1Z\\f`*Zqbn Z*a \b ,a1-\ ]W\f\-\D \ �\- /*W SY \a\+\1 4*/*ZS1D

�S+WSS `*aaV*4m,*1baq \+ *Z-1W1E V\b\`my ]\,ap/d ]`SO4m,*1b Wp/1y ]\VW\Zqbnaq �\-d L�bV`\,1ZS1 58B:E ;MD �*V ob\b*Z-1W `*4-\,*`S,*1b a Wp/nYSH �\31bE \Z V`ShSb a Z1+*E hb\O+m V*3/my Y\- 1-\ daWmj*bnH � 1bE ob\ ]\aW1/\,*b1WS �SadOa* `*aaV*4m,*pb /`d-SY \ �\-1E * *Z-1Wm `dV\,\/qb SfaWd31ZS1YD Z-1Wm 4*+\bqbaq \ b\YE hb\+m d ,a1f 31W*pkSf+mW* ,\4Y\3Z\abn daWmj*bn ]`1V`*aZdp ,1abn \ �\-1D �m b\O31 Y\31Y dh*ab,\,*bn , ob\y ]`\]\,1/ZSh1aV\y `*+\b1E S *ZO-1Wm +d/db Z*Y ]\Y\-*bnD

\ hb\E 1aWS Wp/SE V\b\`m1 Z1 Wp+qb �\-*E +d/db Z*Y Y1Oj*bnH �b\E 1aWS Z*a ]\a*/qb , bp`nYdH �a,\+\/qb WS Z*a b\-/**Z-1WmH � �ZS Y\-db ob\ a/1W*bnD \ ob\ Z1 4Z*hSbE hb\ \ZS+d/db S4+*,Wqbn Z*a , V*3/\Y \b/1WnZ\Y aWdh*1D

�/Z*3/m �*,W*E V\b\`my +mW ]\aW1/\,*b1W1Y �Sada*E ,4qOWS ]\/ ab`*3dD ˚-\ ]\a*/SWS Z* V\`*+Wn S ]\,14WS , /`d-\y -\O`\/D * Y\`1 `*4m-`*W*an ab`*jZ*q +d`qD \ *Z-1W b\-/* Z1\a,\+\/SW �*,W*D �Z Z1 a/1W*W ob\-\ ]\b\YdE hb\ /`d-SY

��#& ��˝&�� ˚��

65

Wp/qY Zd3Z\ +mW\ daWmj*bn \ �\-1D Z-1W aV*4*WB w 1 +\yaqE�*,1WD �m /\W31Z ]`1/ab*bn ]1`1/ V1a*`1YxD ˙*E �*,W* /\WO3Zm +mWS ]\,1abS V V1a*`pE ]`*,Sb1Wp YS`\,\y /1`3*,mD'b\ +mW\ ]`1V`*aZ\y ,\4Y\3Z\abnp `*aaV*4*bn V1a*`p \ �\O-1D Z-1Wm ,a1-/* 4Z*WSE -/1 Z*f\/Sbaq �*,1WE S ]\Y\-*WS 1YdD�ZS +d/db ]\Y\-*bn S Z*YE 1aWS Ym SaV`1ZZ1 aWd3SY �\-dL˙1qZSq 6;B67P69MD

Z1/*W �1V\Y +d/dk1Y *Z-1Wm +d/db dh*ab,\,*bn 1k �1 , \/Z\Y,*3Z\Y /1W1D `1YqE V\-/* �\- dZShb\3Sb 4Wmf Wp/1yE \h1Zn+WS4V\D a1E Vb\ Z1 aWd3Sb SabSZZ\Yd �\-dE +d/db dZShb\31ZmD�1E Vb\ Z1 ,1`qb , *Z-1W\, S4O4* b\-\E hb\ Z1 Y\-db Sf d,SO/1bnE ]\yYdbE V*V aSWnZ\ \ZS \jS+*WSan L6 �1aa*W\ZSVSyg*Y5B:P<MD

�*V ob\ 4*b`*-S,*1b Z*aH � ˚aWS Ym Z* ab\`\Z1 �\3nSf*Z-1W\,E \ZS \+q4*b1WnZ\ Z*Y ]\Y\-dbD \ Z* Sf WS Ym ab\O

`\Z1H � ˙*E 1aWS Ym aWd3SY �1-\,1D 1aWS b*VE Ym +d/1Y ]`SO

4m,*bn /`d-Sf Wp/1yaWd3Sbn Z*j1Yd/\`\-\Yd �\-dD

�b\+m d4Z*bnEV*V *Z-1Wm ,WSOqpb Z* 3S4Zn

Wp/1yE ]`\hSb*y�a*W\Y 77B<C *bOe1q 8B55C 5<B5>C �dVS

66B87 S ˙1qZSq <B6:P75D

�b\ *Z-1W -\,\`Sb �*,WdH

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

66

��˝�E bm `*4-\,*`S,*1jn a �1-\,\y �\-\YH � �Zob\-\ \h1Zn f\h1bD �\-/* Ym -\,\`SY a �\-\YE ob\ Z*O4m,*1baq Y\WSb,\yD �Sada h*ab\ `*4-\,*`S,*W

a\ a,\SY Z1+1aZmY �bg\YD �Z\-/* 1Yd f\b1W\an]\+mbn \/Z\YdE hb\+m ]\-\,\`Sbn a �\-\YD �S+WSS `*aaV*4m,*1baqE V*V \/Z*3/m w\Z]\/ZqWaq \/SZ Z* -\`dE hb\+m ]\Y\WSbnaqD� \ab*,*Waq b*Y \/SZE f\bq +mW\ d31 ]\4/Z\xL�*be1q 58B67MD

�/1 bm Y\31jn ]\-\,\`Sbn a �1-\,\y Z*O1/SZ1H � 'b\ Y\3Z\ a/1W*bn ,1h1`\YE ]1`1/aZ\YD �Sada aV*4*WB w�\-/* Y\WSjnaqE ,\y/S ,a,\p V\YZ*bd SE 4*V`m, /,1`nE ]\Y\WSan �bgdb,\1Ydx L�*be1q :B:MD �\WSjnaq WS bm �1-\,1V*3/my ,1h1`E ]1`1/ aZ\YH � 'b\ Zd3Z\/1W*bnD

�Sada b*V31 Y\WSWaq , ]`SOadbab,SS /`d-Sf WpO/1yD �\-/* dY1`1-\ /`d- �*4*`nE

xy � � � � � 5 6 vw

�� &�)

�Sada Y\WSWaqEV\-/* +mW \/SZE* b*V31 ,]`Sadbab,SS/`d-Sf Wp/1yD

�Sada Y\WSWaq ,Y1ab1 a /`d-SYS Z1/*W1V\ \b b\-\ Y1ab*E -/1]\W\3SWS b1W\ �*4*`q L�\*ZZ* 55B85E 86MD �Sada b*V31 Y\OWSWaqE V\-/* ,ab`1h*Waq a\ a,\SYS dh1ZSV*YSD bm f\/SjnZ* a\+`*ZS1E -/1 ]`\S4Z\aSbaq Y\WSb,*H � �+mhZ\ b*Y Y\OWSbaq Vb\Ob\ S4 ,4`\aWmfD ZSY*b1WnZ\ aWdj*yE hb\ \Z -\,\O`SbE ,1/n \Z Y\WSbaq S \b b,\1-\ SY1ZSD �\-/* bm aY\31jnaV*4*bn w*YSZnxD hb\ \4Z*h*1b w*YSZnx , V\Zg1 Y\WSbO,mH � 'b\ 4Z*hSbE hb\ Y\WSb,* b1+1 ]\Z`*,SW*anE bm a Z1ya\-W*a1Z S a*Y aV*4*W +m b\ 31 a*Y\1D

�Sada Y\WSWaq b*V31 ]1`1/ 1/\yD �Z +W*-\/*`SW �1-\,d4* ]SkdD bm ,a1-/* Y\WSjnaq ]1`1/ 1/\yH � �\`\j\ +W*-\O/*`Sbn �1-\,d 4* ]Skd ]1`1/ b1YE V*V Z*h*bn 1abnD �\-/* ,ma\+S`*1b1an 4* ab\W\Y ,a1 ,Y1ab1E Y\WSb,dE aV\`11 ,a1-\E ]`\OS4Z\aSb Vb\Ob\ S4 ,4`\aWmfD hb\E 1aWS bm 1jn \/SZH �WS\+1/*1jn a Wp/nYSE V\b\`m1 Z1 +W*-\/*`qb �1-\,dH � �\-/*b1+1 Zd3Z\ ]\Y\WSbnaq a*Y\YdD

a1-/* WS Zd3Z\ Y\WSbnaq ,aWdfH �WS �1-\,* aWmjSb b*VO31 Y\WSb,mE aV*4*ZZm1 ]`\ a1+qH � �b,1b Ym d4Z ‹*1YE `*aOaY\b`1, ]`SY1` 11YSSD 11YSq ,1`SW , �1-\,d S aWd3SW,\ /,\`g1 ]1`aS/aV\-\ g*`q `b*Va1`Va*D �/Z*3/m 11YSq

�\h1Yd Zd3Z\,ZSY*b1WnZ\aWdj*bnY\WSb,mZ* ,ab`1h*fa\+`*ZSqH

68

aSWnZ\ `*aab`\SWaqD �Z daWmj*WEhb\ ab1Zm �1`da*WSY*E -W*,Z\-\-\`\/* 1-\ Z*`\/*E `*4`dj1ZmD

�\-/* g*`n a]`\aSW 11YSpEhb\ 1-\ b*V \]1h*WSW\E 11YSqE]`13/1 h1Y \b,1bSbn g*`pE Y\Wh*]\Y\WSWaqD ˛*b1Y \Z `*aaV*4*W \b\YE hb\ 1-\ b`1,\3SW\E S ]\]`\OaSW ]\4,\W1ZSq \b]`*,Sbnaq ,�1`da*WSYE hb\+m ,\aab*Z\O,Sbn `*4`dj1ZZm1 ab1ZmD�b\ 31 ]`\S4\jW\H �

˙*E �\- \b,1bSW Z* Y\OWSb,d 11YSSD �*`n ]\O4,\WSW 1Yd ]\ybS S ,\aab*OZ\,Sbn ab1ZmI �\W11 b\-\E\Z /*31 /*W 11YSS YZ\O-\ /1`1,* Z* ab`\Sb1Wnab,\Z\,mf ab1ZD �4 ob\-\ ,S/OZ\E hb\ �\- Y\31b \b,1ObSbn Z* Z*jd Y\WSb,dE /*O31 1aWS Ym ]`\S4Z\aSY 1 �1]`\ a1+q L 11YSq 5B6E 7C6B8P<MD

V*V bm /dY*1jnEZd3Z\ WS ,\ ,`1YqY\WSb,m aVW\Zqbn

\-/* bm Y\31jn]\Y\WSbnaq ]`\a1+qE V*V ob\a/1W*W �11YSqH

-\W\,d SWS ,ab*,*bn Z* V\W1ZSH � �Z\-/* �Sada \]daV*WaqZ* V\W1ZSE V\-/* Y\WSWaqD �m,*W\E hb\ \Z Y\WSWaq ab\qD aWdh*W\anE hb\ ,\ ,`1Yq Y\WSb,m \Z ]\/ZSY*W -\W\,d V Z1O+dE Z*]`SY1` V\-/* Y\WSWaq \ �*4*`1D

� h �1Y ob\ -\,\`SbH � ˙*E ob\ ]\V*4m,*1bE hb\ ]\4*E SWS ]\OW\31ZS1E , V\b\`\Y Ym Y\WSYaqE Z1 SY11b \a\+\-\ 4Z*h1OZSqD �Z\-/* f\`\j\ Z*VW\ZSbn -\W\,d S 4*V`mbn -W*4*D /`d-\Y aWdh*1 bmE ,\4Y\3Z\E 4*f\h1jn ,ab*bn Z* V\W1ZSEV*V ob\ /1W*W �SadaD �\YZSB Ym Y\31Y Y\WSbnaq �\-d, Wp+\1 ,`1Yq /Zq S Z\hS S \Z ,a1-/* ,maWdj*1b Z*aD �\WnOV\ ,*3Z\ +mbn d,1`1ZZmYE hb\ �1-\,* aWdj*1b Z*jSY\WSb,mD bm ,1`SjnE hb\ �1-\,* aWdj*1bE V\-/* bm

Y\WSjnaqH �

\ \ h �1Y Z*Y Zd3Z\ Y\WSbnaq �1-\,1H � �Zb1O`1aZ\E * \ h �1Y bm a ZSY `*4-\,*`S,*1jnH � �1O-\,* /1W*1b /Wq Z*a b*V YZ\-\ ]`1V`*aZ\-\E

]\ob\Yd Z*Y Zd3Z\ +W*-\/*`Sbn 1-\ , Y\OWSb,1E ]`*,/*H � �m Y\31Y -\,\`Sbn1Yd a]*aS+\ 4* ]SkdD +W*-\/*`SW WSbm 1-\ V\-/*OZS+d/n 4* -\Wd+\1 Z1O+\E ,1WSh1ab,1ZZm1 /1`1,nq S V`*OaS,m1 g,1bmH � 1/n ,a �1 ob\ Pa\4/*W �\-D

�*VOb\ dh1ZSVS �Sada* ]\]`\OaSWS Z*dhSbn Sf Y\WSbnaqD �\-/*1WSVSy �hSb1Wn `*aaV*4*WE \ h �1YZd3Z\ Y\WSbnaq , ]1`,dp \h1`1/nD bm 4Z*1jnE \ h �1YH � \4nYS�S+WSp S \bV`\y :Op -W*,d ˚,*ZO

� h �1Y bm Y\31jn Y\WSbnaq �\-dH

70

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

-1WSq \b �*be1qD abSf*f a =O-\ ]\ 57Oy 4*]Sa*Z* Y\WSb,*EV\b\`dp YZ\-S1 Z*4m,*pb w�bh1 Z*jx SWS wY\WSb,* �\aO]\/ZqxD ˙*,*y ,Y1ab1 1 �1 ]`\hSb*1YD

�Sada ]\V*4*WE hb\ Zd3Z\ Y\WSbnaq \+ SY1ZS �\-*D �ZdhSW Y\WSbnaq \ b\YE hb\+m SYq �\-* +mW\ \a,qk1Z\D �*V4\,db �\-*H � ˙*E 1-\ SYq P �1-\,*E S Ym /\W3Zm Wp+Sbnob\ SYqD

�Sada b*V31 dhSW Z*a Y\WSbnaq \ b\YE hb\+m ]`SjW\�*`ab,\ �\-*D 'b\ �*`ab,\ \h1Zn ,*3Z\E ]\aV\WnVd \Z\ ]`SOZ1a �1b YS` Z* 41YWp S a/1W*1b Z*jd ]W*Z1bd `*1YD

˙*W11E V*V aV*4*W 1WSVSy �hSb1WnE Z*Y Zd3Z\ Y\WSbnaq \b\YE hb\+m ,\Wq �\-* Sa]\WZSW*an Z* 41YW1E b*V 31 V*V \Z*Sa]\WZq1baq Z* Z1+1D ˚aWS Ym Y\WSYaq \+ ob\YE b\-/* Z*YZd3Z\ S ]\abd]*bn b*VE V*V ob\-\ 31W*1b �\-D

�Sada dhSW Z*a Y\WSbnaq S \ b\YE hb\+m �\- /*,*W Z*Y ]SOkd Z* V*3/my /1ZnD ˚k �1 \Z aV*4*WE hb\+m Ym ,m`*3*WS a,\ �1a\3*W1ZS1E V\-/* ]\abd]*1Y Z1]`*,SWnZ\D ˙*E Ym /\W3Zm]`\aSbn d �\-* ]`\k1ZSqD \ /Wq b\-\E hb\+m �\- ]`\abSWZ*aE Ym a*YS /\W3Zm ]`\k*bn b1fE Vb\ Z*a \+S/1WD �V*3SEb1+1 W1-V\ ob\ /1W*bnH �

� Z*V\Z1gE �Sada aV*4*WE hb\+m Ym ]`\aSWS d �1-\,m �\O-* 4*kSbm \b ˛W\-\E �*b*Zm ˙nq,\W*D �+\ ,a �1Y ob\Y Z*YZd3Z\ Y\WSbnaq �\-dD

�h1Zn ,*3Z\ ,1`SbnE hb\ �1-\,* aWmjSb Z*jS Y\WSb,mD˙*,*y Z1 b\WnV\ ]`\aSbn 1-\ \ ]\Y\kSE Z\ S +W*-\/*`SbnD�1-\,1 \h1Zn ]`SqbZ\E V\-/* Ym SaV`1ZZS , a,\Sf Y\WSb,*fS ]`\aSY \ b\YE hb\ ]`*,SWnZ\D � \Z Sa]\WZSb Z*jS ]`\anO+mD �m , ob\ ,1`SjnH �

�\`\jS1 a\,1bm \ Y\WSb,1 Y\3Z\ b*V31 Z*ybS , �SYWqZ*Y56B56C 5 �1b`* 7B56 S 5 �\*ZZ* 9B58D

�� &�)

71

�� +mW a*YmY WdhjSY aWd3Sb1W1Y �\-*H � �`*,SWnOZ\E �Sada �`Sab\aD V*V bm /dY*1jnE Y\31Y WS Ym+mbn b*VSYS 31E V*V �SadaH � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE

hb\ \Z ]\/*W Z*Y ]`SY1` /Wq ]\/`*3*ZSqD �Sada ]`S-W*j*1bZ*a ab*bn 1-\ dh1ZSV*YSD

˛Z*1jnE hb\ 4Z*hSb +mbn dh1ZSV\Y �Sada*H � ˙*,*y ]\OaY\b`SYD \O]1`,mfE Z*Y Zd3Z\ d Z1-\ dhSbnaqD \ ob\ 1k �1Z1 ,a �1D �m b*V31 /\W3Zm SaV`1ZZ1 ,1`Sbn , b\E hb\ \Z -\,\O`SbD 1aWS Ym ,1`SY 1-\ aW\,*YE Sf Zd3Z\ a\+Wp/*bnD

�Z\-S1 Wp/S -\,\`qbE hb\ ,1`qb , �Sada*D \ Y\3Z\ WS Sf,a1f Z*4,*bn 1-\ dh1ZSV*YSH � 1bE \ +\WnjSZab,1 ob\-\ Z1aV*31jnD �ZSE ,\4Y\3Z\E f\/qb , g1`V\,nD \ YZ\-S1 S4 ZSfZSV\-/* Z1 SZb1`1a\,*WSan b1YE h1Yd dhSW �SadaD dh1ZSOV*YS �Sada* Y\-db Z*4m,*bnaq b\WnV\ b1E Vb\ aW1/d1b 1-\]`SY1`dD

˙*,*y ]\4Z*V\YSYaq a b1YSE Vb\ +mW dh1ZSV*YS �SadOa* , b\ ,`1YqE V\-/* \Z 3SW Z* 41YW1D �/ZSY S4 ]1`,mfdh1ZSV\Y �Sada* ab*Z\,Sbaq �SWS]]D �SWS]] S/ �1bSaV*bn a,\1-\ /`d-* *e*Z*SW* L/`d-\1 1-\ SYq P*`e\W\Y1yME V\b\`myE V*V ]\V*4*Z\ Z* V*`bSZV1EaS/Sb ]\/ /1`1,\YD �\-/* *e*Z*SW ]`Sf\/Sb V �SOadadE 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn -\,\`SbB w\b h1abZmy h1W\O,1VE SabSZZmy S4`*SWnbqZSZxD *e*Z*SW d/S,W1ZZ\a]`*jS,*1bB w�bVd/* bm Y1Zq 4Z*1jnHx

xy � � � � � 5 7 vw

�(˙�E ��%˚ ��˚ ��

b\ ob\b h1W\,1V S V*V \Z ab*Z\,Sbaq dh1ZSV\Y �Sada*H

72

w�`13/1 h1Y �SWS]] ]\4,*W b1+qE V\-/* bm +mW ]\/SZ3S`\YE q ,S/1W b1+qxEP \b,1h*1b �SadaD *e*Z*SW ]\O`*3 �1ZI 1/n �Sada , b\hZ\abS 4Z*WE -/1 \Z Z*f\/SWaqD �\Oob\Yd *e*Z*SW -\,\`SbB w�m P �mZ �\-*E bm P g*`n�4`*SWqx L�\*ZZ* 5B8=MD

˙`d-S1 ab*WS dh1ZSV*YS �Sada*4* /1Zn /\ b\-\E V*V \Z ]`S4,*W

�SWS]]* S *e*Z*SW*D 'b\ Z/`1y S 1-\ +`*b� �1b`E * b*V31 �\*ZZ SE ,\4Y\3Z\E 1-\ +`*b �*V\,L�\*ZZ* 5B79P95MD �/Z*V\ a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y ,a1 h1b,1`\,Z\,n ,\4,`*k*pbaq V a,\1Yd ]`13Z1Yd 4*ZqbSp P `mO+\W\,ab,dD � ,\b \/Z*3/mE S/q ]\ +1`1-d �*WSW1yaV\-\ Y\O`qE �Sada ,S/Sb �1b`* S Z/`1qE 4*VS/m,*pkSf a1bn ,Y\`1D �Sada ]`S-W*j*1b SfB w�/Sb1 4* YZ\yxD

�`\y/q 1k �1 Z1YZ\-\E �Sada ,ab`1h*1b �*V\,* S �\*ZZ*D�ZS ,Y1ab1 a\ a,\SY \bg\Y hSZqb , W\/V1 `m+\W\,Zm1 a1bSD

\-\ �Sada ]`S-W*j*1b ab*bn 1-\ dh1ZSV*YSH

�(˙�E ��%˚ �� ˚ ��

73

�Sada ]`S-W*j*1b Sf b\31 ]\aW1/\,*bn 4* ZSYD V*V ]\Oabd]SW +m bmE 1aWS +m b1+q ]`S-W*aSW �SadaH �\-W*aSWaq+m bmE Z1 `*4/dYm,*qE ]\ybS 4* ZSYH � 'bS Wp/S 4Z*pbEVb\ b*V\y �SadaD �ZS 4Z*pbE hb\ 1-\ ]\aW*W �\-D �\ob\Yd\ZS bdb 31 \ab*,Wqpb `m+\W\,ab,\ S aW1/dpb 4* �Sada\YL�*be1q 8B5<P66MD

\ \4Z*h*1b WS ob\E hb\ b1]1`n \ZS ,a1-/* ]\abd]*pb ]`*O,SWnZ\H � 1bE ob\ Z1 b*VD a]\YZSE V*V \ZS a]\`SWS \ b\YEVb\ S4 ZSf a*Ymy -W*,ZmyD �/Z*V\ \ZS aWdj*WS �Sada* Sab*`*WSan Sa]`*,WqbnaqD ˚aWS Ym -\b\,m Y1ZqbnaqE Ym b\31Y\31Y ab*bn dh1ZSV*YS �Sada*D

�Sada ]`S-W*j*W a*Ymf `*4Zmf Wp/1y ab*bn 1-\ dh1ZSOV*YSD �*VOb\ `*4 \/SZ +\-*bmy Y\W\/\y Z*h*WnZSV ]\/\j �1WV �Sadad S a]`\aSWE V*V 1Yd Z*aW1/\,*bn ,1hZdp 3S4ZnD'b\b h1W\,1V \+lqaZSWE hb\ a\+Wp/*1b �\3nS 4*]\,1/S a a*OY\-\ /1bab,*D �\-/* �Sada ]`S-W*aSW 1-\B w�`Sf\/S S aW1/dy4* YZ\yxD ˛Z*1jnE V*V \Z ]\abd]SWH �

�4Z*, \ b\YE hb\ +mbn dh1ZSV\Y �Sada* ,*3Z11E h1YSY1bn +\-*bab,\E \Z aSWnZ\ \]1h*WSWaqD �Z Z1 ab*W dh1ZSOV\Y �Sada*E ]\aV\WnVd Wp+SW /1Zn-S +\Wnj1E h1Y �\-* L�dOVS 5<B5<P69MD

�\aW1 b\-\ V*V �Sada ]`\,1W , aWd31ZSS ]`S+WS4Sb1WnZ\]\Wb\`* -\/*E \Z ,m+`*W S4 a,\Sf dh1ZSV\, 56 *]\ab\W\,D'bSf Wp/1y \Z ]\amW*W /Wq ,m]\WZ1ZSq \a\+\-\ 4*/*ZSqD˛Z*1jnE V*V Sf 4,*WSH � ˙*,*y ]\ab*`*1Yaq 4*]\YZSbn SfSY1Z*D ob\Y Z*Y ]\Y\-db V*`bSZVSD �\]`\+dy ]`\S4Z1OabS SY1Z* *]\ab\W\,D b1]1`n a/1W*y ob\ 1k �1 `*4E Z\ d31Z1 4*-Wq/m,*q , VZS3VdD

� a\3*W1ZSpE a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y \/SZ S4 *]\ab\W\, ab*W ]W\OfSYD ˚-\ 4,*WS �d/* �aV*`S\bD Y1ab\ Z1-\ *]\ab\W\Y +mWS4+`*Z /`d-\y h1W\,1VD ˛Z*1jnE V*V 1-\ 4,*WSH � �*be ‹SyD

74

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

�\4/Z11 �*,1W S *`Z*,* b\31 ab*OWS *]\ab\W*YSE Z\ \ZS Z1 +mWS S4hSaW* /,1Z*/g*bS L˙1qZSq 5B67P6:C58B58MD

�*V Ym d4Z*WS S4 5Oy -W*,mob\y VZS-SE �Sada d/1WqW,`1Yq /1bqYD �\h1YdH ��Z 4Z*WE hb\ \ZS b\31 Y\-OWS ab*bn 1-\ dh1ZSV*YSD�W\,* /1b1y /*31 Y\-db]\+d/Sbn ,4`\aWmf ]`SOaWdj*bnaq S +\Wnj1 d4OZ*bn \ 1WSV\Y �hSb1W1D

�`1/S dh1ZSV\, �Sada* +mOW\ YZ\-\ 31ZkSZD 1V\b\`m1S4 ZSfE Z*]`SY1` �*`Sq �*-O/*WSZ*E �\*ZZ* S �da*ZZ*EaW1/\,*WS 4* �Sada\YE V\-/*\Z j �1W ]`\]\,1/\,*bn , /`dO-S1 -\`\/*D \4Y\3Z\E \ZS

� �1b`

Z/`1y

�*V\,L+`*b

�\*ZZ*M

�\*ZZ

�SWS]]

�*e*Z*SW

*be1y�\Y*

�*V\, LamZ We1qM

�SY\Z

�d/* LZ*4m,*1Ymyb*V31 �*//11YM

�d/* �aV*`S\b

b*V31 -\b\,SWS /Wq Z1-\ ]Skd S abS`*WS \/13/d L�dOVS <B5P7MD

bm f\b1W +m ab*bn dh1ZSV\Y �Sada*H ��\YZSB Y*W\ WSjn ]`\ab\ Z*4m,*bn a1+q 1-\dh1ZSV\YD *Y Zd3Z\ ,1abS a1+q V*V 1-\ dh1OZSVS P S /1W*bn ob\ Z1 b\WnV\ Z* f`SabSO*ZaVSf ,ab`1h*fD �*V bm /dY*1jnE -/1 1k �1E]\YSY\ ,ab`1h a\+`*ZSqE Z1\+f\/SY\ a,\SY]\,1/1ZS1Y ]\V*4m,*bnE hb\ Ym dh1ZSVS�Sada*H �

˙*E ob\ ,*3Z\ /1W*bn /\Y*D \ Z1 Y1Z11,*3Z\ ,1abS a1+q b*V S , jV\W1D *Y ab\+\y Zd3Z\ ]\YZSbnE hb\ +mbn SabSZOZmY dh1ZSV\Y �Sada* P 4Z*hSb ]\/`*O3*bn 1Yd ,a1-/*E S4\ /Zq , /1ZnE -/1 +mYm ZS Z*f\/SWSanD

b1]1`n /*,*y ,Y1ab1 ]`\hSb*1YEhb\ , �S+WSS -\,\`Sbaq \+ dh1ZSV*f �SOada*B *be1q 6<B5=E 6>C �dVS :B57P5:C�\*ZZ* <B75E 76 S 5 �1b`* 6B65D

b\ obS 31ZkSZmE V\b\`m1 ]\Y\-*WS �SadadEV\-/* \Z ]`\]\,1/\,*WH

�/1 ,*3Z\ a,\SY ]\,1/1ZS1Y]\V*4m,*bnE hb\ Ymdh1ZSVS �Sada*H

� ˚�) V\-/*OZS+d/n \+S3*WSH � �\31bE a b\+\y ]W\f\\+`*k*WSan SWS b1+1 -\,\`SWS hb\Ob\ \+S/Z\1H � d3Z\ WS \b,1h*bn 4W\Y Z* 4W\H �

�+mhZ\E V\-/* Wp/1y \+S3*pbE \ZS ]mb*pbaq \b,1bSbn\+S/hSVd b1Y 31D \ �Sada dhSWE hb\ Zd3Z\ ]`\k*bn b1fEVb\ a Z*YS ]W\f\ ]\abd]*1b L�*be1q :B56MD hb\E 1aWS ob\bh1W\,1V d31 Z1 `*4 \+S3*W Z*aH �V\WnV\ `*4 Ym /\W3Zm1-\ ]`\k*bnH �

�1b`d b\31 f\b1W\an ob\ d4Z*bnD �\ob\Yd \/Z*3/m \Za]`\aSW �Sada*B w˙\ a1YS WS `*4 Zd3Z\ ]`\k*bnHx \ a1Yn`*4 P ob\ aWSjV\Y Y*W\I �Sada \b,1bSW �1b`dB w˙\ a1YSO/1aqbS a1YS `*4 ]`\k*y b\YdE Vb\ -`1jSb ab\WnV\]`\bS, b1+qxD

\b ob\ /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ +\Wnj\1 hSaOW\I \ ,`q/ WS Y\3Z\ 4*]\YOZSbn b*V\1 V\WSh1ab,\ \+S/ S]`\abd]V\,E ]`*,/*H �Y1ZZ\ob\ S f\b1W aV*4*bn �SadaD *YZ1 Zd3Z\ +mbn 4W\]*YqbZmYS SahSb*bn ,a1 \+S/mD � 1aWS d Z*a]`\aqb ]`\k1ZSqE Zd3Z\ SaV`1ZZ1]`\abSbnD

�Sada f\b1W ]\V*4*bn a,\SY dh1OZSV*YE Z*aV\WnV\ ,*3Z\ dY1bn ]`\Ok*bnD �\ob\YdE \b,1bS, Z* ,\]`\a�1b`*E \Z `*aaV*4*W dh1ZSV*Y \/Zd

xy � � � � � 5 8 vw

��˚�� ˝ � ��#�&

�b\ � �1b`f\b1W d4Z*bn\ ]`\k1ZSSH

77

]\dhSb1WnZdp Sab\`SpD �\h1jn ]\aWdOj*bnH �

˝SW Z* a,1b1 \/SZ f\`\jSy g*`nD�Z +mW \h1Zn /\+`mYD �Z /*31 /*,*W, /\W- a,\SY `*+*YE V\-/* SY Zd3Z*+mW* ]\Y\knD �*VOb\ `*4 4*f\b1Wg*`n ]\WdhSbn a,\S /1Zn-S \+`*bOZ\D �/SZ `*+ /\W31Z +mW 1Yd:> YSWWS\Z\, Y\Z1bD 'b\ g1O

W\1 a\ab\qZS1I

�/Z*V\ b\b h1W\,1V]\b`*bSW ,a1 /1Zn-S S

�b\ a/1W*W g*`nE V\-/* `*+ ab*W dY\Wqbn 1-\/*bn 1Yd +\Wnj1 ,`1Y1ZS /Wq d]W*bm /\W-*H

*V ob\b `*+ \+\j �1Waqa\ a,\SY b\,*`Sk1YE

V\-/* b\b Z1 aY\-\b/*bn 1Yd /\W-H

,1`Zdbn 1Yd +mW\ Z1h1-\D �\-/* ob\ \+Z*`d3SW\anE g*`n ,1OW1W ]`\/*bn b\-\ `*+*D �*`n ]`SV*4*W b*V31 ]`\/*bn 1-\31Zd S /1b1y S ,a �1E hb\ \Z SY1WD �*V /1Zn-SE ,m`dh1ZZm1 \b]`\/*3SE ]\jWS +m Z* d]W*bd /\W-*D �*V bm /dY*1jnE hb\]\hd,ab,\,*W b\b `*+E V\-/* d4Z*W \+ ob\YH �

�Z d]*W ]1`1/ g*` �1Y Z* V\W1ZS S ab*W dY\Wqbn 1-\B w�YSOWdyaq Z*/\ YZ\yI ˙*y YZ1 ,`1YqE S q ,m]W*hd b1+1 ,a �1 /\]\aW1/Z1y Y\Z1bmxD �b\ a/1W*W +m bmE \V*4*,jSan Z* Y1ab1g*`qH � �*`p ab*W\ 3*Wn `*+*E S \Z ]`\abSW 1-\D w�m a,\O+\/1ZEP aV*4*W g*`nDP ) ]`\k*p b1+1 ,1an b,\y /\W-E ,a1:> YSWWS\Z\, Y\Z1bxD �*V\1 31 \+W1-h1ZS1 ]\hd,ab,\,*W`*+I

\ hb\ a/1W*W b\b h1W\,1V ]\aW1 ob\-\H my/qE \Z Z*j �1W/`d-\-\ `*+*E V\b\`my /\W31Z +mW 1Yd ,a1-\ WSjn ab\ Y\OZ1bD �Z af,*bSW 1-\ 4* -\`W\ S Z*h*W /djSbnE ]`S-\,*`S,*qBw1`ZS YZ1 Y\S /1Zn-SI �m /\W31Z YZ1 ab\ Y\Z1bIx �*V\1+1aa1`/1hS1I 'b\Yd h1W\,1Vd b\WnV\ hb\ ]`\abSWS b*V\y+\Wnj\y /\W-E * \Z b`1+d1b ,1`Zdbn 1Yd V*VSfOb\ ab\ Y\Z1bI�\31jn a1+1 ]`1/ab*,SbnH �

�*+E 4*/\W3*,jSy ab\ Y\Z1bE +mW \h1Zn +1/1ZD �Z Z1Y\- a`*4d 31 ,1`Zdbn obS /1Zn-SD �\ob\Yd \Z d]*W V Z\-*Ya,\1-\ b\,*`Sk* S ,4Y\WSWaqB w) ,a �1 ,1`Zd b1+1E b\WnV\]`\jdE ]\/\3/S 1k �1 Z1YZ\-\xD ˙\W31Z WS +mW b\b h1W\O,1V Sa]\WZSbn 1-\ ]`\an+d S ]\/\3/*bnH � �b\ a/1W*W+m bmH �

�\b h1W\,1V Z1 +mW b*VSY 31 /\+`mYE V*V g*`nD �Z Z1 f\Ob1W 3/*bn S b`1+\,*W ,1`Zdbn 1Yd /1Zn-S Z1Y1/W1ZZ\D \+1/Z\Yd `*+d +mW\ Z1h1Y 4*]W*bSbnD �\-/* 4W\y `*+ +`\aSW1-\ , bp`nYdD �\-/* /`d-S1 `*+m d,S/1WSE hb\ ]`\S4\jW\E\ZS ,\4YdbSWSanD �Y ab*W\ 3*Wn +1/Z\-\ `*+*D �ZS ]\jWSV g*`p S ,a �1 1Yd `*aaV*4*WSD

��˚�� ˝ � ��#�&

79

�*`p ob\ b\31 Z1 ]\Z`*,SW\anD �Z aSWnZ\ `*4-Z1,*WaqZ* +1aa1`/1hZ\-\ `*+*D �\4,*, 1-\E \Z aV*4*WB w˛W\y `*+E`*4,1 q Z1 ]`\abSW b1+1 b,\y /\W-H �*V ]\h1Yd 31 bm ]\Oabd]SW 31ab\V\ S Z1 ]`\abSW /\W- a,\1-\ b\,*`Sk*Hx

S/q b*V\1 YSW\abS,\1 \bZ\j1ZS1 /\+`\-\ g*`qE `*+/\W31Z +mW ]`\q,Sbn YSW\a1`/S1 V a,\1Yd b\,*`SkdD \\Z ob\-\ Z1 a/1W*WD * ob\b `*4 g*`n ]\,1W1W +`\aSbn 4W\-\`*+* , bp`nYd S /1`3*bn 1-\ b*Y /\ b1f ]\`E ]\V* \Z Z1,m]W*bSb ,a1 :> YSWWS\Z\, Y\Z1bD \ ,1/n , bp`nY1 b*VSf/1Z1- Z1 4*`*+\b*bnI 'b\ \4Z*h*W\E hb\ 4W\y `*+ /\W31Z+mW ]`\,1abS , bp`nY1 ,ap \ab*,jdpaq 3S4ZnD

V\Zg1 �Sada aV*4*W dh1ZSV*YB w�*V S Y\y Z1+1aZmy�b1g ]\abd]Sb a ,*YSE 1aWS Z1 ]`\abSb1 V*3/my +`*b*a,\1-\ \b a1`/g*x L�*be1q 5<B65P79MD

�m \+q4*Zm �\-d \h1Zn YZ\-SYD �Z ]\/*`SW Z*Y 3S4ZnE* ob\ a*Y\1 g1ZZ\1E hb\ d Z*a 1abnD �\ a`*,Z1ZSp a obSY

�b\ g*`n a/1W*Wa `*+\YE V\b\`myZ1 f\b1W ]`\k*bnH

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

,a �1E hb\ Z*Y /\W3Zm Wp/SE Z14Z*hSb1WnZ\D �f /\W-S ]1`1/Z*YS ]\/\+Zm ab* Y\Z1b*YE V\b\`m1 +1/Zmy `*+ +mW /\WO31Z a,\1Yd b\,*`SkdD Z*j /\W- ]1`1/ �\-\YE dhSbm,*q,a1 Z*jS \jS+VS S ]`\Y*fSE a`*,ZSY a :> YSWWS\Z*YSY\Z1bE V\b\`m1 4W\y `*+ +mW /\W31Z g*`pD

�\- \h1Zn /\+`myD � f\bq Ym YZ\-\ \jS+*1YaqE \Z ]`\Ok*1b Z*aD �Z Z1 b`1+d1b ,\4,`*bSbn 1Yd /\W-E * ,1/n ob\\4Z*h*W\ +m \bZqbn d Z*a 3S4Zn Z*,1VSD �/Z*V\ Z*Y\h1Zn ,*3Z\ 4*]\YZSbn \/SZ d`\VB �\- ]`\k*1b Z*a b\WnOV\ , b\Y aWdh*1E 1aWS Ym ]`\k*1Y b1fE Vb\ Z*a \+S3*O1bD ˛/1an 1abn Z*/ h1Y ]\/dY*bnE Z1 ]`*,/* WSH �

�b\ ]\ob\Yd +d/1jn /1W*bn bmE 1aOWS Vb\Ob\ b1+q \+S/SbE * ]\b\Y ]\O]`\aSb ]`\k1ZSqH �`\abSjn WS bm1-\H � hb\E 1aWS ob\ +d/1b ]\,b\O`qbnaqH �d/1jn WS bm V*3/my `*4]`\k*bn 1-\H �

˚aWS Ym ]`\aSY ]`\k1ZSqE Ymf\bSYE hb\+m /`d-\y Z*a ]`\abSWEZ1 b*V WSH � �\ob\Yd Ym b\31/\W3Zm ]`\k*bn /`d-SfD �m /\WO3Zm Z1 b\WnV\ -\,\`SbnE hb\ ]`\Ok*1YE Z\ S ]`\k*bn Z* a*Y\Y/1W1E \b ,a1-\ a1`/g*D �*V Ym ]\V*O31YE hb\ /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ f\bSYab*bn ]\aW1/\,*b1WqYS 1WSV\-\�hSb1WqD

�b\+m ]\ZqbnE Z*aV\WnV\ ,*3Z\]`\k*bnE /*,*y ]`\hSb*1Y �`SbhS5=B55C *be1q :B58E 59 S �dVS 5;B7E 8D

*V ]\abd]Sjn bmE1aWS Vb\OZS+d/n]\]`\aSb d b1+q

]`\k1ZSqH

��˚�� ˝ � ��#�&

81

˛ ˚"&E hb\ b*V\1 ]`1/d+13/1ZS1H � 'b\ Z1]`Sq4Zn VV*V\YdOWS+\ h1W\,1Vd b\WnV\ S4O4* b\-\E hb\ \Z \bWSh*1bOaq \b b1+q ,Z1jZ1 SWS -\,\`Sb Z* /`d-\Y q4mV1D �\ob\O

Yd \bZ\aSbnaq V V\YdOb\ a ]`1/d+13/1ZS1Y P 4Z*hSb ]Sb*bn VZ1Yd Z1f\`\jS1 hd,ab,* S a\ab*,Wqbn \ Z �1Y YZ1ZS1 1k �1 /\4Z*V\Yab,* a ZSYD

V*V b1+1 V*31baqE ]`*,SWnZ\ WS /dY*bn \ h1W\,1V1 ]W\f\EZ1 d4Z*, 1-\ ]\+WS31E SWS ]`\ab\ S4O4* b\-\E hb\ \Z \bWSh*1baq\b b1+qH � 1bE \bZ\aSbnaq V Wp/qY a ]`1/d+13/1ZS1Y PZ1]`*,SWnZ\E b*V\1 ]\,1/1ZS1 Z1Wn4q Z*4,*bn /\+`mYD �m Z1/\W3Zm ]W\f\ \bZ\aSbnaq V Wp/qY b\WnV\ ]\b\YdE hb\ \ZSZ1]\f\3S Z* Z*aD

�m 4Z*1jn V\-\OZS+d/nE Vb\ \bWSh*1baq \b b1+q g,1b\Y V\O3S SWS -\,\`Sb Z* /`d-\Y q4mV1H � \4Y\3Z\E bm /*31 4Z*OV\Y a Wp/nYSE V\b\`m1 \bWSh*pbaq \b b1+q ,Z1jZ1E ]\b\Ydhb\ SY1pb V*VS1Ob\ d,1hnq SWS 4*+\W1,*ZSqD �bZ\aSjnaq WSbm a Wp+\,np S /\+`\b\y V b*VSY Wp/qYH �

�Wdj*qan 1WSV\-\ �hSb1WqE �Sada* �`Sab*E Ym V\ ,a1Y +dO/1Y ]`\q,Wqbn /\+`\bdD �m ]`\q,SY /\+`\bd Z14*,SaSY\ \bb\-\E S4 V*V\y ab`*Zm ]`S1f*W h1W\,1V SWS V*V\y d Z1-\ g,1bV\3SD � f\bq YZ\-S1 Wp/S b*V Z1 ]\abd]*pbE ob\ V*V `*4 b\Eh1Yd dhSW �SadaD

�*VOb\ `*4 \/SZ Sd/1yE V\b\`my a ]`1/d+13/1ZS1Y \bZ\aSWOaq V /`d-SY Wp/qYE ]\/\j �1W V �Sadad S a]`\aSWB w�b\ YZ1 /1OW*bnE hb\+m 3Sbn ,1hZ\Hx \ �Sada `*a]\4Z*W 1-\ YmaWSD 'b\bSd/1y f\b1W daWmj*bn \b �Sada*E hb\ /\+`\bd Zd3Z\ ]`\q,OWqbn b\WnV\ V Wp/qY a,\1y `*am SWS Z*gS\Z*WnZ\abSD �\ob\Yd, \b,1b �Sada a]`\aSW ob\-\ h1W\,1V*B w hb\ \+ ob\Y

xy � � � � � 59 vw

�� ˙��%

82

-\,\`Sbaq , ˛*V\Z1 �\-*H �*V Zd3Z\ ]\abdO]*bnHx

* ob\ Sd/1y \b,1bSWB w�p+S �1-\,dE�\-* b,\1-\E ,a1Y a1`/g1Y b,\SY S Wp+S+WS3Z1-\ a,\1-\E V*V a*Y\-\ a1+qxD w�m]`*,SWnZ\ \b,1bSWEP aV*4*W �SadaDP�*V ]\abd]*y S ]\WdhSjn ,1hZdp3S4ZnxD

�/Z*V\ ob\b h1W\,1V Z1 31W*W ]`\Oq,Wqbn /\+`\bd V Wp/qYE V\b\`m1h1YOWS+\ \bWSh*WSan \b Z1-\D �\ob\Yd\Z ]\]mb*Waq Z*ybS a1+1 \]`*,/*ZS1D �Za]`\aSW �Sada*B w Vb\ Y\y +WS3ZSyHx 'b\b h1W\,1Vf\b1WE hb\+m �Sada 4*,1`SW 1-\B w�WS3ZS1 P ob\ b,\S /`d4nqxSWS w'b\ Wp/SE V\b\`m1 ,m-Wq/qb b*V 31E V*V S bmxD \ , \bO,1b Z* 1-\ ,\]`\a �Sada `*aaV*4*W Sab\`Sp \+ Sd/11 S a*Y*`SObqZSZ1D \b ]\aWdj*yD

�/SZ h1W\,1V a]daV*Waq S4 �1`da*WSY* , �1`Sf\ZD 'b\b h1OW\,1V +mW Sd/11YD �\ /\`\-1 Z* Z1-\ Z*]*WS `*4+\yZSVSD �ZSa+SWS 1-\ a Z\-E \-`*+SWS S 4*+`*WS \/13/dD ˛*b1Y S4+SWS S\ab*,SWS dYS`*bn Z* \+\hSZ1D

aV\`1 ]\aW1 ob\-\ ]\ b\y /\`\-1 a]daV*Waq a,qk1ZZSVD�Z 4*Y1bSW S4`*Z1ZZ\-\ h1W\,1V*D �b\ a/1W*W +m bm Z* Y1ab1ob\-\ a,qk1ZZSV*H � �,qk1ZZSV ]`\ab\ ]1`1j �1W Z* /`d-dp

*V Zd3Z\ \bZ\aSbnaq V b1YE Vb\ \bWSh*1baq \b Z*aH

�� ˙��%

ab\`\Zd /\`\-SD �Z /*31 Z1 \ab*Z\,SWaqI �Z ZSh1Y Z1 ]\Y\-Z1ah*abZ\YdD

�\y 31 /\`\-\y j �1W S /`d-\y ,1`dpkSyD 'b\ +mW W1,SbE V\Ob\`my aWd3SW , f`*Y1 , �1`da*WSY1D �\31bE \Z \ab*Z\,Sbaq S\V*31b ]\Y\kn S4`*Z1ZZ\Yd h1W\,1VdH � 1bD �Z ]\abd]SWb\hZ\ b*V 31E V*V S a,qk1ZZSVD

*V\Z1g b\y /\`\-\y ]`\f\/SW a*Y*`SbqZSZD S/SjnE V*V\Z ,mf\/Sb S4O4* ]\,\`\b*H � �Z 4*Y1bSW S4`*Z1ZZ\-\ Sd/1qD \ +\WnjSZab,\ a*Y*`SbqZ S Sd/11, Z1 Wp+SWS /`d- /`d-*L�\*ZZ* 8B=MD �*V 31 ]\abd]Sb ob\b a*Y*`SbqZSZH �ab*,Sb WS\Z Z1ah*abZ\-\ dYS`*bn Z* /\`\-1H �\/dY*1b WSB w˛*h1Y q +d/d]\Y\-*bn ob\Yd Sd/1pH 1/n \ZE Z*,1`ZqV*E Z1 ]\Y\- +m YZ1EaWdhSan b*V\1 a\ YZ\yxD

84

1bE \Z b*V Z1 /dY*WD �,S/1, h1W\,1V*E W13*Ok1-\ Z* /\`\-1E a*Y*`SbqZSZ ]`\ZSVaq V Z1Yd3*W\abnpD �Z Z1 Y\- \ab*,Sbn 1-\ b*YE ,1/n/Wq b\-\ Z1ah*abZ\-\ ob\ \4Z*h*W\ +m ,1`ZdpaY1`bnD �Z aW14 a \aW*E ]\/\j �1W V b\Yd h1W\O,1Vd S ab*W W1hSbn 1-\ `*ZmD �Z ]\WSW Z* ZSfY*aW\ S ,SZ\E hb\+m \ZS +mab`11 4*3S,*WSD 4*b1Y \+,q4*W `*Zm VdaV\Y Y*b1`SSD

�*Y*`SbqZSZ \ab\`\3Z\ ]\a*/SW S4`*Z1ZOZ\-\ h1W\,1V* Z* a,\1-\ \aW* S Y1/W1ZZ\ /,SZdWaq

, ]dbnD *V\Z1g \ZS ]`S+mWS Z* ]\ab\qWmy /,\`E SWS, Z1+\Wnjdp -\abSZSgdD �*Y*`SbqZSZ 4*]W*bSW 4* Y1ab\ ,

-\abSZSg1E hb\+m Z1ah*abZ\Yd +mW\E -/1 \ab*Z\,SbnaqE S f\`\Oj\ ]\4*+\bSWaq \ Z �1YD

�V\ZhS, Sab\`SpE �Sada a]`\aSWB w�b\ S4 obSfb`\Sf \V*4*Waq /\+`mY +WS3ZSYHx bmV*V /dY*1jnH �mW WS ob\ a,qk1ZZSVEW1,Sb SWS a*Y*`SbqZSZH �

�1W\,1V \b,1bSWB w˙\+`mY+WS3ZSY \V*4*Waq b\bE Vb\\ab*Z\,SWaq S ]\4*+\bSWaq\+ S4`*Z1ZZ\Y h1W\,1V1xDw�`*,SWnZ\EP aV*4*W �SOadaDP �/S S a*Y ]\abd]*yb*V 31x L�dVS 5>B69P7;MD

�*V*q 4*Y1h*b1WnZ*q SaOb\`SqI �1]1`n a`*4d ab*W\qaZ\E Vb\ Z*j +WS3ZSyD�WS3ZS1 P ob\ Z1 b\WnOV\ Z*jS /`d4nqD 'b\ Z1

�\h1Yd a*Y*`SbqZSZ\V*4*Waq /\+`mY +WS3ZSYH

�� ˙��%

b\WnV\ Wp/SE d V\b\`mf b*V\y 31g,1b V\3S S V\b\`m1 -\,\`qb Z* b*OV\Y 31 q4mV1D �Sada dhSWZ*a +mbn /\+`mYS V Wp/qYEZ14*,SaSY\ \b b\-\E S4 V*OV\y ab`*Zm \ZS ]`S1f*WSEV*V \ZS ,m-Wq/qb S Z* V*OV\Y q4mV1 -\,\`qbD

�Y1ZZ\ b*V ]\abd]*1b�1-\,* �\-D �Z V\ ,a1Y \bZ\OaSbaq +14 ]`1/d+13/1ZSyDw*j �b1gE V\b\`my Z* Z1O+1a*fE ]\,1W1,*1b a\WZgd a,\O1Yd ,\af\/Sbn Z*/ 4WmYS S/\+`mYSEP aV*4*W �SadaDP�\- ]\amW*1b /\3/n Z* f\`\jSf Wp/1y S Z*]W\fSfxD �\ob\Yd Z*YE ]\/\+Z\ �\-dE aW1/d1b+mbn /\+`mYS V\ ,a1Y L�*be1q 9B88P8<MD

�b*VE 1aWS bm d,S/SjnE hb\ V\YdOb\ ab*W\ ]W\f\ SWS Vb\Ob\]\`*ZSWaqE hb\ bm a/1W*1jnH � hb\E 1aWS ob\b h1W\,1V S4 /`dO-\y ab`*Zm SWS d Z1-\ /`d-\y g,1b V\3SH \ ,1/n \Z ,a �1 `*,Z\\ab* �1baq b,\SY +WS3ZSY S b1+1 Zd3Z\ 1Yd ]\Y\-*bnD ˚aWS b1O+1 V*31baqE hb\ \/Z\Yd Z1 a]`*,SbnaqE ]\4\,S Z* ]\Y\kn V\O-\OZS+d/n S4 ab*`jSfD �m Y\31jn ]\4,*bn YSWSgS\Z1`* SWSdhSb1WqD �\-/* bm ]\abd]SjnE V*V /\+`my a*Y*`SbqZSZD

1WSVSy �hSb1Wn 31W*1bE hb\+m Ym +mWS /\+`mYSD �Z f\Oh1bE hb\+m Ym ]\Y\-*WS /`d-SYE Z14*,SaSY\ \b b\-\E \bWSh*pbOaq \ZS \b Z*a SWS Z1bD �\ob\Yd \Z S `*aaV*4*W Sab\`Sp \/\+`\Y a*Y*`SbqZSZ1D

� b\YE V*V ,*3Z\ +mbn /\+`mYS a Wp/nYS ,a1f Z*gS\Z*WnZ\Oab1yE -\,\`Sbaq , �`Sbh*f 5=B66 L� MC ˙1qZSqf 5>B78E 79 S5;B6:D

*V bm Y\31jn +mbn/\+`mY +WS3ZSYH

86

˙ ˝˙% ]`Sj �1W V �Sadad \/SZ h1W\,1VD �Z 4Z*WE hb\�Sada \h1Zn Yd/`myE S ]\ob\Yd ]\]`\aSW 1-\B w�hSOb1WnE aV*3S Y\1Yd +`*bdE hb\+m \Z ]\/1WSWaq a\ YZ\y

b1YE hb\ SY11bxD 'b\Yd h1W\,1Vd V*4*W\anE hb\ d Z1-\ 1abn ]`*O,\ ,W*/1bn Z1V\b\`mYS ,1k*YS a,\1-\ +`*b*D

�d/n bm Z* Y1ab1 �Sada*E hb\ bm ]\a\,1b\,*W +m 1YdH � �SOada ]\ZqWE , h �1Y bdb +mW\ /1W\D 1bE Z1 , b\YE hb\ ob\Yd h1W\,1OVd Zd3Zm +mWS ,1kS +`*b*D �`\ab\ ob\b h1W\,1V Z1 ]\ZSY*WEhb\ Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 ,*3Z\ , 3S4ZSD

˙*,*y ]\/dY*1YD �b\ /\W3Z\ +mbn /Wq Z*a a*YmY -W*,ZmY ,3S4ZSH �`*aS,m1 S-`djVSE Y\/Z*q \/13/* SWS V*VS1Ob\ /`dO-S1 ,1kSH � 1bE Z* a,1b1 1abn Z1hb\ +\W11 ,*3Z\1D 'b\YddhSW �SadaD �Z `*aaV*4*W Sab\`Sp \ h1W\,1V1E V\b\`my4*+mW \ �\-1D �\h1jn ]\aWdj*bnH �

�1W\,1V b\b +mW \h1Zn +\-*bD �Z ,W*/1W41YW �1y S SY1W f`*ZSWSk* /Wq 41`Z*D ˙1W*1-\ jWS f\`\j\E S ]\Wq ]`SZ1aWS \+SWnOZmy d`\3*yD ˛1`Z* \V*4*W\an b*V YZ\-\E hb\, f`*ZSWSk*f Z1 f,*bSW\ Y1ab*D �b\ 311Yd +mW\ /1W*bnH w�Z1ad a,\S f`*ZSWSOk* S ]\ab`\p + ‹\WnjS1EP ]\/dY*W\ZDP 4*b1Y a\+1`d bd/* ,a �1 Y\ �1 41`OZ\ S ,a �1 Y\ �1 /\+`\xD

�\Yd +\-*hd V*4*W\anE hb\ ob\ Yd/O`\1 `1j1ZS1D �Z /dY*WE hb\ a\O+S`*bn YZ\-\ ,1k1y ]\SabSZ1ab ‹\qk11 /1W\D �Z aV*4*W a*Y a1+1Bw) a\+`*W b*V YZ\-\ /\+`*I �Z1

xy � � � � � 5 : vw

� � �� ˙˚�˚ ��˝ �

� h �1Y +mW* \jS+V*ob\-\ h1W\,1V*H

87

f,*bSb ,a1-\ ob\-\ Z* /\W-S1 -\/mD �1]1`n Y\3Z\ S \bO/\fZdbnD �d/d 1abnE ]Sbn S ,1a1WSbnaqxD \ +mW\ hb\Ob\Z1]`*,SWnZ\1 , YmjW1ZSS ob\-\ +\-*b\-\ h1W\,1V*D˛Z*1jn hb\H � �Z ,a �1 ,`1Yq /dY*W b\WnV\ \ a1+1 S \a\+ab,1ZZ\Y d/\,\Wnab,SSD �Z a\,1`j1ZZ\ 4*+mW \ �\-1D

�\ob\Yd �\- aV*4*W b\Yd +\-*hdB w�Wd]my h1W\,1VI 'b\yZ\hnp bm dY` �1jnD �\Yd 31 b\-/* /\ab*Z1baq ,a �1

b,\ �1 /\+`\Hx �\- WS ob\b h1W\,1V ,4qbn ,a �1

Z*V\]W1ZZ\1 a a\+\y , Y\-SWdH ��\Z1hZ\ 31E Z1bI a �1 ob\ /\O+`\ ]\aW1 1-\ aY1`bS /\ab*W\an +m V\YdOb\ /`d-\YdD �Sada ]\OqaZSWB w�*V +m,*1b a b1YE Vb\ V\]Sb a\V`\,Sk* /Wq a1+qE Z\ Z1+\-*b ]1`1/ �\-\Yx L�dVS 56B57P65MD

�mE Z*,1`ZqV*E Z1 f\h1jn +mbn ]\f\3SY Z* ob\-\ +\-*h*E]`*,/*H � ˚-\ -W*,Z\y g1Wnp +mW\ Z*V\]Sbn ]\+\Wnj1 +\O-*bab,*D ob\YOb\ S +mW* 1-\ \jS+V*D ˚Yd ,a1-/* h1-\Ob\ Z1 /\Oab*,*W\E \Z f\b1W +\Wnj1-\D �/Z*V\ \Z Z1 +mW w+\-*b ]1`1/�\-\YxD

� h �1Y /dY*W ob\b +\-*hH

88

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

�Z\-S1 Wp/S \h1Zn ]\f\3S Z* ob\-\ +\-*h*D �Y ]\ab\qZZ\,a1-\ Y*W\D \ ob\ Y\31b ]`S,1abS V a1`n �14ZmY ]`\+W1Y*YD� b1+q ,1/n 1abn S-`djVSE ]`*,/*H � �\31jn aV*4*bnE V*OVS1H � hb\E 1aWS d V\-\Ob\ S4 a,\Sf /`d41y bm d,S/Sjn YqOhSVE VdVWd SWS V*VdpOb\ /`d-dp S-`djVdE V\b\`\y Z1b d b1+qH�d/1b WS ]`*,SWnZ\ ,m]`*jS,*bn d `\/Sb1W1y b*Vdp 31H �

�\Z*h*Wd Y\31b V*4*bnaqE hb\ ,*3Z11 ob\y S-`djVS Z1b ZSOh1-\ Z* a,1b1D \ hb\ \+mhZ\ ]`\Saf\/Sb h1`14 V*V\1Ob\ ,`1OYqH � �-`djV* ab*Z\,Sbaq ab*`\yD �Z* Y\31b aW\Y*bnaqE Sb\-/* bm d31 Z1 4*f\h1jn a Z1y S-`*bnD \ d b1+q 1abn hb\Ob\Z*YZ\-\ +\W11 g1ZZ\1E h1Y S-`djVSD ˛Z*1jn hb\H �

'b\ b,\q 3S4ZnD �,\q 3S4Zn \h1Zn ,*3Z*E ]\b\Ydhb\ +14 Z1 �1 bm Z1 aY\31jn ZSh1-\ a/1W*bnD \ b,\q3S4Zn 4*,SaSb \b ]\aWdj*ZSq �\-dE a\-W*a1ZH �

�\ob\Yd /*,*y Z1 ab*Z\,Sbnaq ]\f\3SYS Z* b\-\ -Wd]\-\ +\O-*h*E V\b\`my 4*+mW \ �\-1D

�/Z*V\ Z1 b\WnV\ /1bS ,1/db a1+q b*V 31 -Wd]\E V*V b\b +\O-*hD 4`\aWm1 b\31 b*V ]\abd]*pbD 1V\b\`m1 S4 ZSf ,a1-/*

�b\ g1ZZ11 S-`dj1VH

�� ˙˚�˚ ˝ �

89

ab`1Yqbaq ]`S\+`1abS +\Wnj1D � ZSf /\ab*b\hZ\ ]SkS S\/13/mE 1abn Y1ab\E -/1 3SbnD \ SY ob\-\ Y*W\D �ZS f\bqb+\Wnj1 \/13/m S +\W11 ]`\ab\`Zmy /\YD \ ,a �1 ob\ ab\Sb Z1OY*Wmf /1Z1-D �\ob\Yd SY ]`Sf\/Sbnaq +\Wnj1 `*+\b*bnD \h1Y +\Wnj1 /1Z1- \ZS 4*`*+*bm,*pbE b1Y +\Wnj1 \ZS f\bqbSY1bnD

˚abn Wp/SE V\b\`m1 b*V 4*Zqbm `*+\b\yE hb\ d ZSf Z1 \ab* �1bOaq ,`1Y1ZS Z* a1YnpD � ZSf Z1b ,`1Y1ZS /Wq �\-*D \ Y\-db WS/1Zn-S a\f`*ZSbn SY 3S4ZnH � 1bD �`S-\/qbaq WS SY /1Zn-S]\aW1 aY1`bSH � �\31 Z1bE ,1/n Y �1`b,m1 ZSh1-\ Z1 Y\-db /1OW*bn L˚VVW1aS*ab =B9E 5>MD

�\Wdh*1baqE SY1bn /1Zn-S P ]W\f\H � \,a1 Z1bD ˛* /1Zn-SY\3Z\ Vd]Sbn ]Skd S \/13/dD �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ /1Zn-S/*pb 4*kSbd L˚VVW1aS*ab ;B56E �\� MD \ ]`\+W1Ym ,\4ZSV*pbb\-/*E V\-/* Ym Z*hSZ*1Y Wp+Sbn /1Zn-SD �m ab*Z\,SYaq ]\Of\3SYS Z* b\-\ -Wd]\-\ +\-*h*E V\b\`my V\]SW /Wq a1+q +\-*bOab,\E Z\ Z1 +mW +\-*b ]1`1/ �\-\YD

hb\ 4Z*hSb +mbn +\-*bmY ]1`1/ �\-\YH � 'b\ 4Z*hSb ahSOb*bn �\-* a*YmY -W*,ZmY , a,\1y 3S4ZSD 1V\b\`m1 -\,\`qbEhb\ ,1`qb , �\-*D �ZS /dY*pbE hb\ /\ab*b\hZ\ ]`\ab\ ,1`Sbn ,b\E hb\ �\- adk1ab,d1bD \ +\-*bm WS b*VS1 Wp/S ]1`1/ �\O-\YH � 1bE \ZS ZSh1Y Z1 \bWSh*pbaq \b +\-*h*E V\b\`my 4*O+mW \ �\-1D

�Sada ZSV\-/* Z1 4*+m,*W \ a,\ �1Y Z1+1aZ\Y �bg1D �Z Z1ab`1YSWaq V b\YdE hb\+m Z*V\]Sbn a1+1 YZ\-\ /1Z1-D � ,1k1yd Z1-\ +mW\ a\,a1Y Z1YZ\-\D �Sada ]\ZSY*WE hb ‹\ , 3S4ZS -W*,OZ\1D bm 4Z*1jn hb\H � �*Y\1 -W*,Z\1 P ob\ +mbn +\-*bmY]1`1/ �\-\YD

�V*3SE * V*V Ym Y\31Y ab*bn +\-*bmYS ]1`1/ �\-\YH � *Y ,a1Y Zd3Z\ `*/\,*bn 1-\ S ab`1YSbnaq d-\3/*bn 1Yd ,\,a �1YD �Sada aV*4*WB w) ,a1-/* /1W*p b\E hb\ 1Yd d-\/Z\x L�\*ZOZ* <B6=MD �\-d Z`*,SbaqE V\-/* Ym /1W*1Y b\E hb\ 1Yd d-\/Z\D

90

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

�V*3SE * h1Y bm Y\31jn `*/\,*bn �\-*H � ˙*E bm Y\31jn hSOb*bn �S+WSpE f\/Sbn Z* f`SabS*ZaVS1 ,ab`1hSE Y\WSbnaq �\-dS ]\Y\-*bn /`d-SY d4Z*,*bn \ Z �1YD \b hb\ Z* a*OY\Y /1W1 ,*3Z11 ,a1-\D

�Sada +mW +\-*b ]1`1/ �\-\YE S ]\ob\Yd�1-\,* \ Z �1Y 4*+\bSWaqD �Z ,\4Z*-`*/SW�Sada* ,1hZ\y 3S4ZnpD ˚aWS Ym +1` �1Y ]`SOY1` a �Sada*E �1-\,* b\31 +d/1b Wp+SbnZ*a S 4*+\bSbnaq \ Z*aD �\ob\Yd /*,*y +`*bn]`SY1` a �Sada* S ZSV\-/* Z1 ab*Z\,Sbnaq]\f\3SYS Z* b\-\ +\-*h*E V\b\`my 4*+mW \�\-1D

'bS +S+W1yaVS1 b1Vabm ]\V*O4m,*pbE V*V Zd3Z\ \bZ\aSbnOaq V Y*b1`S*WnZmY ,1k*YB�`SbhS 67B8C 6<B6>C 5 �SOY\e1p :B:P5> S ˚,`1qY57B9D

�b\ 4*ZSY*1b-W*,Z\1 Y1ab\, 3S4ZS ob\y

/1,\hVSH

�� ˙˚�˚ ˝ �

�˚ f\bqb +mbn ah*abWS,mYSE ]`*,/*H � \ Y*W\ Vb\ Z*a*Y\Y /1W1 ah*abWS,D ˛Z*1jn ]\h1YdH � �\b\Yd hb\ \ZSZ1 4Z*pbE , h �1Y a1V`1b ah*abnqD �ZS /dY*pbE hb\ ab*bn

ah*abWS,mY Y\3Z\ ]`S\+`1b*q YZ\31ab,\ `*4Zmf ,1k1yD \V\-/* \ZS ]\Wdh*pb ,a1 obS ,1kSE ah*abn1 ]\VS/*1b SfD

-W*,Zmy a1V`1b ,\b , h �1YD 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn aV*4*WBw�\Wnj11 ah*abn1 P /*,*bnE h1Y ]\Wdh*bnx L˙1qZSq 6>B79MD�b*VE V*V ab*bn ah*abWS,mYH � �`*,SWnZ\E Ym \+`1b*1Yah*abn1E V\-/* /* �1Y /`d-SY SWS /1W*1Y /Wq ZSf hb\OZS+d/nf\`\j11D �m ob\ 4Z*W `*Znj1H �

˙*,*y ]\/dY*1YD �\,\`SW WS �Sada \ b\YE hb\ b\bE Vb\]\Wdh*1b ]\/*`\VE Z1ah*abWS,H � 1bE \Z ob\-\ Z1 -\,\O`SWD �1+1 ,1/n Z`*,Sbaq ]\Wdh*bn ]\/*`VSE ]`*,/*H � 'b\

Z`*,Sbaq ,a1YD �m `*/d1YaqE V\-/* /Wq Z*a /1W*pbhb\OZS+d/n ]`SqbZ\1D

xy � � � � � 5 ; vw

�� & ��%�

�\h1Yd �1-\,*P wah*abWS,my �\-xH

\ �Sada aV*4*WE hb\ 1k �1 +\Wnj11ah*abn1 Ym \+`1b*1YE V\-/* /* �1YD V*V bm /dY*1jnE \b V\-\ Wp/S ]\OWdh*pb +\Wnj1 ,a1-\ ]\/*`V\,H ��\Z1hZ\ 31E \b �1-\,m �\-*D

�S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ �\- w/*O�1b ,a1Y 3S4ZnE S /mf*ZS1E S ,a �1xD�Z /* �1b Z*Y /\3/S a Z1+* S /*`Sba\WZ1hZmy a,1bE hb\+m `\aWS `*ab1OZSq S d Z*a +mW\ YZ\-\ ]SkS L˙1qZSq58B5;C 5;B69MD \b ]\h1Yd �S+WSq Z*4m,*O1b �1-\,d wah*abWS,mY �\-\Yx L5 �SY\e1p5B55MD �/Z* S4 ]`ShSZE ]\h1Yd �\- b*V ah*abWS,EPob\ b\E hb\ \Z \h1Zn k1/`myD �\ob\YdE 1aWS Ym +d/1Y k1/`mOYSE Ym b\31 ab*Z1Y ah*abWS,mYSD

\ hb\ Ym Y\31Y /*bn /`d-SYH �*V bm /dY*1jnH � 1V\b\O`m1 ]\/*`VS ab\qb /1Z1-D ˚aWS bm ]\Vd]*1jn ]\/*`\V , Y*-*O4SZ1E b1+1 Zd3Z\ 4* Z1-\ 4*]W*bSbnD �\ob\Yd ,Z*h*W1 b1+1]`S/ �1baq Z*V\]Sbn /\ab*b\hZ\ /1Z1-E hb\+m Vd]Sbn b*V\y]\/*`\VD

\ Z1 ,a1 ]\/*`VS ]\Vd]*pb , Y*-*4SZ1D �*VSY 31 \a,1O31ZS1YE Z*]`SY1`E Y\31b ab*bn ab*V*Z f\W\/Z\y ,\/m , 3*`OVSy W1bZSy /1ZnI ˙*, ab*V*Z ,\/m h1W\,1VdE V\b\`my \h1Znf\h1b ]SbnE bm ]\hd,ab,d1jnE V*Vdp `*/\abn ]`SZ\aSb /*`1OZS1D

\/SZ ]`1V`*aZmy /1Zn ,m a Y*Y\yE ,\4Y\3Z\E 4*f\bSb1Sa]1hn ]1h1Zn1D 'b\E /\W3Z\ +mbnE \h1Zn SZb1`1aZ\I �mE V\Z1hOZ\ 31E Y\31jn al1abn ,a �1 ]1h1Zn1 a*YD \ hb\ ]`SZ1a �1b b1+1+\Wnj11 ah*abn1H � ˙*E bm ]\WdhSjn YZ\-\ `*/\abSE 1aWS ]\O/1WSjnaq ]1h1Zn1Y a V1YOb\ S4 a,\Sf /`d41yD �1+1 +m ob\-\f\b1W\anH �

�mE V\Z1hZ\ 31E Y\31jn al1abn ,a �1]1h1Zn1 a*YD �\ hb\ ]`SZ1a �1b

b1+1 +\Wnj11 ah*abn1H

93

�b\ �S/Sq-\,\`Sb �*,WdS �dV1H

�\h1Yd �S/Sq `*/*]\4*+\bSbnaq \ �*,W1 S �dV1H

1WSVSy �hSb1Wn S 1-\ *]\ab\Wm 4Z*WSE V*V\1 ah*abn1 ]`SOZ\aSb /*`1ZS1D V*V bm /dY*1jnE hb\ \ZS /*,*WS Wp/qYH ��*Ymy WdhjSy ]\/*`\V Z* a,1b1I �ZS 4Z*WS SabSZd \ �\-1 Sa `*/\abnp /1WSWSan ob\y ]`1V`*aZ\y ,1abnp a /`d-SYSD �ZS/1W*WS ob\ /*`\YE ZSh1-\ Z1 \3S/*q ,4*Y1ZD

�/Z*3/m *]\ab\W �*,1W a\ a,\SY +WS4VSY /`d-\YE dh1ZSOV\Y �dV\yE ,ab`1bSW 31ZkSZdE V\b\`*q b\31 f\b1W* ab*bnah*abWS,\yE /1W*q /`d-SY /\+`\D 'b\ aWdhSW\an d `1VSD �*,1WS �dV* \b]`*,SWSan bd/*E ]\aV\WnVd aWmj*WSE hb\ b*Y +mW\Y1ab\ Y\WSb,mD � ]`*,/*E ]`S/q bd/*E \ZS d,S/1WS Z1aV\WnV\31ZkSZE V\b\`m1 Y\WSWSanD

�*,1W ab*W `*aaV*4m,*bn SY \+ �1-\,1 �\-1 S 1-\ �*`ab,1D�/Z* S4 ZSfE ]\ SY1ZS �S/SqE aWdj*W* \a\+1ZZ\ ,ZSY*b1WnOZ\D ˚y 4*f\b1W\an a/1W*bn /Wq ZSf hb\OZS+d/n ]`SqbZ\1E hb\O+m ]\V*4*bnE V*V aSWnZ\ 1y ]\Z`*,SW*an b* ]`1V`*aZ*q ,1abnEV\b\`dp \Z* daWmj*W*D �\ob\Yd \Z* ab*W* dY\Wqbn �*,W* S�dVdB w˚aWS ,m ahSb*1b1 Y1Zq ,1`Z\y �1-\,1E ,\y/Sb1 , Y\y/\Y S \ab*,*yb1anxD � d]`\aSW* Sf ]`SybS V Z1y , -\abSL˙1qZSq 5:B57P59MD

�*V 31 `*/* +mW* �S/SqE hb\ obS aWd3Sb1WS �\-* ]`SjWSV Z1y /\Y\yI �Z* +mW* SY \h1Zn +W*-\/*`Z*E ,1/n \ZS ]\Y\-OWS 1y d4Z*bn \+ �1-\,1 S �Sada1E * b*V31 \ b\YE V*V \+`1abS,1hZdp 3S4ZnD �*V 31 \Z* +mW* ah*abWS,*E hb\ aY\-W* ]`S-\Ob\,Sbn /Wq ZSf d-\k1ZS1 S /*bn SY ,\4Y\3Z\abn \b/\fZdbnI˙*E �S/Sq \+`1W* Z*ab\qk11 ah*abn1E ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z* f\b1W*/1W*bn Wp/qY /\+`\D 'b\ ,a1-/* ,*3Z\ ]\YZSbnI *a Y\-db]\]`\aSbn a/1W*bn V\YdOb\ ]\/*`\VD \ 1aWS Z*Y Z1 f\h1baqob\-\ /1W*bnE Ym Z1 ]\WdhSY `*/\abSD

�`1/]\W\3SYE d b1+q 1abn \h1Zn ,VdaZm1 V\Ze1bVS S bmf\h1jn Sf al1abnD \ q aV*3dB w dOV* ]\/1WSan a b1Y Y*WnhSOV\YxD �+`*/d1jnaq WS bmH � 1aWS bm ,ab`1bSjn a,\1-\

�� & ��%�

95

Wdhj1-\ /`d-* S b1+1 a*Y\Yd 4*f\h1baq 1-\ d-\abSbnH �\-/*bm +d/1jn `*/H �

�m,*1bE hb\ Ym Wp+SY V\-\Ob\ b*V aSWnZ\E hb\ f\bSY/1WSbnaq a ZSY ,a1YE hb\ d Z*a 1abnD \4`*ab*q , Wp+,S V �\-dEYm /\W3Zm hd,ab,\,*bn V Z1Yd b\ 31 a*Y\1D

1WSVSy �hSb1Wn 4Z*W \/Zd +1/Zdp 31ZkSZdE V\b\`*q \h1ZnaSWnZ\ Wp+SW* �\-*D �Z d,S/1W 1 �1 , f`*Y1 ,�1`da*WSY1D � Z1 �1 +mW\ WSjn /,1 Y1WVS1Y\Z1bVSEP ob\ ,a �1E hb\ \Z* SY1W*D \ \Z*]\W\3SW* Sf , a\ad/ a\V`\,SkZSgm f`*Y*V*V ]\31`b,\,*ZS1E SWS /*`D ˚ �1 ZSVb\ Z14*ab*,WqWD �Z\-S1 S4 b1fE Vb\ +mW , b\b /1Zn, f`*Y1E b*V ZSV\-/* S Z1 d4Z*WS \ b\YE hb\\Z* a/1W*W*D �Z* ]`SZ1aW* a,\y /*` \b hSOab\-\ a1`/g*E ]\b\Yd hb\ 1y ob\-\ f\b1OW\an S 1k �1 ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z* SaV`1ZZ1Wp+SW* �1-\,dD ˙*,*qE \Z* \+`1W* ah*Oabn1 L�dVS 65B5P8MD

� Z*a b\31 1abn Z1Y*W\ ,\4Y\3Z\Oab1y /1WSbnaq a /`d-SYSD �*VS1E Z*O]`SY1`H � ˚aWS Ym /* �1Y \b hSab\-\a1`/g*E Ym b\31 ab*Z1Y ah*abWS,mOYSD \b ]\h1Yd 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn ]\O+d3/*1b Z*aB w˙*,*yb1x L�dVS :B7<MD�\abd]*q b*VE Ym a/1W*1Y /`d-Sfah*abWS,mYSD � a*YS ab*Z1Y a*YmOYS ah*abWS,mYS Wp/nYS Z* a,1b1I

�\b 1k �1 Z1aV\WnV\ SZb1O`1aZmf YmaW1y \ b\YE V*VE/*,*qE Ym ab*Z1Y ah*abOWS,mYSB *be1q :B5P8C �dOVS58B56P58 S 6 \`SZeqZ*Y=B;D

�\h1Yd ob*+1/Z*q 31ZkSZ*+mW* ah*abWS,*\b/*bn ,a �1E hb\\Z* SY1W*H

96

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

% ��˚˙� a1-\/ZqH � Vb\ -\b\,SW \+1/H � \4OY\3Z\E b,\q Y*Y* SWS 1k �1 Vb\Ob\D \ ]\h1Yd Ym /\WO3Zm +W*-\/*`Sbn 4* \+1/ �\-*H � �\b\Yd hb\ SY1ZZ\

�\- a\4/*W `*ab1ZSq S /1`1,nqE V\b\`m1 /*pb Z*Y YZ\31ab,\`*4Z\\+`*4Z\y ]SkSD �/Z*V\ ,*3Z\ b*V31 +W*-\/*`Sbn Sb\-\E Vb\ -\b\,SW \+1/ SWS Z*V`m,*W Z* ab\WD

\ ]\`\y Ym 4*+m,*1Y ]\+W*-\/*`Sbn V\-\Ob\ 4* ]`\Oq,W1ZZdp V Z*Y /\+`\bdD �/Z*3/m ]`\V*3 �1ZZm1 4*+mWS ]\O+W*-\/*`Sbn 1WSV\-\ �hSb1WqD

�m 4Z*1jnE Vb\ b*V\y ]`\V*3 �1ZZmyH � �`\V*3 �1ZZmy Pob\ h1W\,1VE V\b\`my +\W1Z ]`\V*4\yD �Z\-/* ob* +\W14Znd`\/d1b S `*4l1/*1b h*abS b1W* +\WnZ\-\D b1 ,`1Y1Z*E V\-/*�Sada +mW Z* 41YW1E ]`\V*3 �1ZZmY Z1 `*4`1j*W\an 3Sbn `qO/\Y a /`d-SYS Wp/nYSD ˚aWS ]`\V*3 �1ZZmy ,S/1WE hb\ V Z1YdVb\Ob\ ]`S+WS3*1baqE \Z /\W31Z +mW V`Sh*bnB w 1hSabI 1OhSabIx 'b\ Zd3Z\ +mW\ /1W*bn /Wq b\-\E hb\+m h1W\,1V Z1 ]\O/\j �1W V ]`\V*3 �1ZZ\Yd aWSjV\Y +WS4V\ S Z1 4*`*4SWaq\b Z1-\D

�Sada +mW \h1Zn /\+` V ]`\V*3 �1ZZmYD �/Z*3/m ]\ /\`\O-1 , �1`da*WSYE ,\y/q , \/Zd Z1+\Wnjdp /1`1,ZpE \Z ,ab`1ObSW /1aqbn ]`\V*3 �1ZZmfD 'bS Wp/S aWmj*WSE hb\ d �Sada*+mW* aSW* \b �\-* Sag1Wqbn ,a1,\4Y\3Zm1 +\W14ZSE S ]\ob\OYd ,mjWS 1Yd Z*,ab`1hdD

�`\V*3 �1ZZm1 Z1 ab*WS ]\/f\/Sbn +WS4V\ V �Sadad S \ab*OZ\,SWSan , ab\`\ZV1D �ZS ,1`SWSE hb\ �Sada Y\31b Sf

xy � � � � � 5 < vw

˚ ˛��%��˚"& �� %��& ��H

97

Sag1WSbnD �\ob\YdE d,S/1, 1WSV\-\ �hSb1WqE \ZS 4*V`Sh*WSBw�SadaE �hSb1WnE ]\Y\-S Z*YIx

�1+1 3*WV\ Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 +\W1pbH � �Sadad +mW\ Sf\h1Zn 3*WV\D �Z 4Z*WE V*V bq31W\ +mbn ]`\V*3 �1ZZmYD � ]\Oob\Yd aV*4*W SYB w�\y/Sb1E ]\V*3Sb1an a,qk1ZZSV*Yx L�dOVS 5;B55P58MD

\ ]\h1Yd �Sada b*V aV*4*WH /`1,Z\abS �1-\,* /*W a,\1OYd Z*`\/d 4*V\ZE V\b\`my V*a*Waq ]`\V*3 �1ZZmfD `1Yq \b,`1Y1ZS a,qk1ZZSV �\-* /\W31Z +mW \aY*b`S,*bn b1W\ ]`\OV*3 �1ZZ\-\D �Y1ZZ\ a,qk1ZZSV Y\- \]`1/1WSbnE a\jW* WS a+\WnZ\-\ ]`\V*4*D ˚aWS +\W14Zn ]`\f\/SW*E h1W\,1V Y\- aZ\,*3Sbn a`1/S 4/\`\,mf Wp/1y L�1,Sb 57B5:E 5;MD

�b\ �Sada ,1WSb obSY]`\V*3 �1ZZmYH

98

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

\ obS ]`\V*3 �1ZZm1 ,a �1 1k �1 +mWS+\WnZmD �\jWS WS \ZS V a,qk1ZZSVdEV*V ]\,1W1W SY �SadaH � ˙*E a`*4d31D 'bS Wp/SE /\W3Z\ +mbnE -Wd+\V\,1`SWSE hb\ �Sada Y\31b Sf ,mW1hSbnD�b\ 31 a ZSYS ]`\S4\jW\H

1 da]1WS \ZS ]`SybS V a,qk1ZZSOVdE V*V ]`\V*4* a\jW* a ZSfD �f b1W\

ab*W\ a\,1`j1ZZ\ 4/\`\,mYD �ZS Sag1WSWSanI �f ,1`* ,aSWd �Sada* +mW* ,\4Z*-`*3/1Z*D �*V\1 ob\ +mW\ ah*abn1I \ V*V \ZS Y\-WS ,m`*4Sbn a,\p +W*-\/*`Z\abnH �b\ a/1W*W+m bmH �

�/SZ S4 Sag1W �1ZZmf ,1`ZdWaq V �SadadD �Z ab*W ]`\aW*,OWqbn �1-\,dE -\,\`q \ Z �1Y YZ\-\ f\`\j1-\D � ob\ +mW\ ]`*O,SWnZ\E ,1/n aSW*E Sag1WS,j*q 1-\E Saf\/SW* \b �\-*D�\b h1W\,1V ]\+W*-\/*`SW S 1WSV\-\ �hSb1WqE\Z /*31 d]*W ]1`1/ ZSY Z* V\W1ZSD �*V 31\Z +mW ]`S4Z*b1W1Z �Sadad4* ob\ hd/\I

\ -/1 31 +mWS /`d-S1/1,qbnH �Sada a]`\aSWBw�*4,1 Z1 /1aqbn ]`\V*O3 �1ZZmf Sag1WSWSanH�/1 31 1k �1 /1,qbnH 1d31WS b\WnV\\/SZ ,1`ZdWaqEhb\+m ,\4/*bn�\-d aW*,dHx

˙*E b*V \Z\ S+mW\D �Sjn \/SZ S4/1aqbS ,\4/*W aW*,dE SWSf,*WdE �\-dD � WSjn \/SZ

� h �1Y Z14*+mW ob\b]`\V*3 �1ZZmyH

S4 ZSf ,1`ZdWaqE hb\+m ]\+W*-\/*`Sbn �Sada*D � obSY h1W\O,1V\Y \V*4*Waq a*Y*`SbqZSZE 3Sb1Wn /`d-\y ab`*ZmD �ab*WnOZm1 /1,qbn /*31 S Z1 ]\/dY*WS \ b\YE hb\+m ]\+W*-\/*`Sbn�\-* S �Sada* L�dVS 5;B59P5=MD

* V\-\ S4 obSf Wp/1y ]\f\3bmH �m ,a1 f\bSY +mbn ]\f\O3SYS Z* a*Y*`SbqZSZ*E ]`*,O/*H � �\ob\YdE 1aWS /Wq Z*a/1W*pb hb\Ob\ f\`\j11E \ h �1YZd3Z\ ]\YZSbnH � ˙*E Zd3Z\-\,\`Sbn a]*aS+\D �p/S h*ab\4*+m,*pb ob\ /1W*bnD �/Z*V\+W*-\/*`Sbn /`d-Sf \h1Zn ,*3OZ\D �*V Ym +d/1Y `*/\,*bn�1-\,d �\-* S 1-\ �mZ*E�Sada*D

˚aWS bm `*4YmjWq1jn \+ob\YE bm Z1 4*+d/1jnE aV\WnV\,a1-\ f\`\j1-\ a/1W*WS /Wq b1O+q /`d-S1D a]\YZSE +\W1W WS

bm V\-/*OZS+d/nH � �mE Z*,1`ZqOV*E ZSV\-/* Z1 +\W1W b*V bq31W\E V*V

b1 /1aqbn ]`\V*3 �1ZZmfD \ Y\31bE d b1+q +mW* aSWnZ*q]`\abd/* SWS +\W1W 3S,\bH �1+q Vb\OZS+d/n W1hSWH � \4OY\3Z\E b1+1 /*,*WS V*VS1Ob\ W1V*`ab,* SWS 1k �1 V*VOb\ 4*b\+\y df*3S,*WSD �mW WS bm `*/E hb\ b1+1 ]\Y\-WS ,m4/\O`\,1bnH �

�*Y*`SbqZSZ ]\+W*-\/*`SW �Sada* 4* Sag1W1ZS1E S �SOadad ob\ +mW\ \h1Zn ]`SqbZ\D �*V bm /dY*1jnE * b,\S ]*]* SY*Y* \+`*/dpbaqE 1aWS bm +d/1jn +W*-\/*`Sbn Sf 4* b\E hb\\ZS /Wq b1+q /1W*pbH � 1a\YZ1ZZ\I

*V bm Y\31jn ab*bn]\f\3SY Z* h1W\,1V*EV\b\`my ,1`ZdWaqV �SadadH

100

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

˚abn Wp/SE V\b\`m1 /1W*pb /Wq b1+q hb\Ob\ V*3/my/1Zn SWS V*3/dp Z1/1WpD \4Y\3Z\E ob\ Sf `*+\b*D � aV\O`11 ,a1-\E \Z* ]`SZ\aSb SY YZ\-\ `*/\abSD \ bmE ,\4Y\3Z\ESZ\-/* 4*+m,*1jn ]\+W*-\/*`Sbn SfD �\/dY*yE aV\WnV\ aSW]`SW*-*1b b,\q dhSb1WnZSg*E hb\+m YZ\-\Yd b1+q Z*dhSbnD'b\ 1 �1 `*+\b*D \ V*V 31 \Z* +d/1b `*/*E 1aWS bm ]\+W*-\/*O`Sjn 1 �1 4* b*Vdp ]\Y\knD

�Z\-/* Wp/S /1W*pb /Wq Z*a hb\Ob\ Z14Z*hSb1WnZ\1B ]`SO/1`3S,*pb /,1`n SWS ]1`1/*pbfW1+ 4* \+1/\YD �*V 31 ,*3Z\ +W*O-\/*`Sbn Sf /*31 4* b*VS1 Y1W\hSI

˚aWS Ym Z1 4*+m,*1Y -\,\`Sbna]*aS+\ Wp/qYE b1Y +\W11 Ym Z1/\W3Zm 4*+m,*bn +W*-\/*`Sbn Z*Oj1-\ Z1+1aZ\-\ �bg*D �V\WnV\ 31,a1-\ ]`1V`*aZ\-\ ]\/*`SW Z*Y

�1-\,*I �Z /*`\,*W Z*Y3S4Zn S ,a �1E hb\ /1W*1bZ*jd 3S4Zn `*/\abZ\yD˙*,*y 31 V*3/my /1Zn,\4/*,*bn �\-d aW*,d S -\O,\`Sbn \ Z �1Y f\`\j11I

� b\YE hb\ Zd3Z\ ,m`*O3*bn +W*-\/*`Z\abnE YmY\31Y ]`\hSb*bn , �a*WOY1 =5B6C 'e1aqZ*Y 9B6>C \OW\aaqZ*Y 7B5; S 5 �1aa*W\OZSVSyg*Y 9B5<D

�\h1Yd ,*3Z\ Z1 4*+m,*bn+W*-\/*`Sbn /`d-SfH

˚ ˛�%˚"& �� % ��& ��H

˛ ˚"& WS bm Y*WnhSj1V SWS /1,h\Z\VE V\b\`m1 ,1/dba1+q ,m4m,*pk1 S ,a �1 `1j*pb a ]\Y\knp VdW*V\,H ��1+1 Z`*,Sbaq a ZSYS \+k*bnaqH �WS 31 bm f\b1W +m

/`d3Sbn a /\+`mYS S YS`\Wp+S,mYS `1+qb*YSH � 1WSVSy�hSb1Wn aV*4*WB w�h*abWS,m YS`\b,\`gmE ]\b\Yd hb\ \ZS Z*4\O,dbaq tamZ\,nqYS �\-*rx L�*be1q 9B=MD

\ +m,*1bE hb\ hn �1Ob\ ]\,1/1ZS1 Z*a aSWnZ\ 4*/1,*1bE ]`*,O/*H � � Z*a Y\31b /*31 ,\4ZSVZdbn 31W*ZS1 \b]W*bSbn \+S/OhSVd b1Y 31D �/Z*3/m b*V\1 aWdhSW\an a dh1ZSV*YS �Sada*EV\-/* \ZS Z*]`*,WqWSan , �1`da*WSYD ) f\hd `*aaV*4*bn b1+1\+ ob\YD

�Sada S 1-\ dh1ZSVS d31 Z1V\b\`\1 ,`1Yq Z*f\/SWSan, ]dbSD � ,\b 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn ]\amW*1b dh1ZSV\, , +WSO3*yjdp /1`1,Zp a*Y*`SbqZE hb\+m Z*ybS Y1ab\ /Wq Z\hOW1-*D �/Z*V\ 3Sb1WS b\y /1`1,ZSZ1 ]\4,\WSWS SY b*Y \ab*Z\O,SbnaqE ]\aV\WnVd d ZSf +mW*/`d-*q `1WS-SqD �*Y*`SbqZ*Y

xy � � � � � 5 = vw

��& � �� ˙��&�)H

�b\ f\b1WS a/1W*bn�*V\, S �\*ZZE hb\+m]`\dhSbn a*Y*`SbqZH

Z1 Z`*,SWSan Wp/SE V\b\`m1 f\/SWS , �1`da*WSY /Wq ]\VW\Z1OZSq �\-dD

�*V +m bm a1+q ]\, �1WE aWdhSan b*V\1 a b\+\yH �*4\4WSWaq +mH Y\31bE 4*f\b1W +m V*VOb\ \b]W*bSbn obSY Wp/qYH � �Y1ZOZ\ ob\ S a\+S`*WSan a/1W*bn dh1ZSVS �*V\, S �\*ZZD �ZS aV*O4*WS �SadadB w�\h1jnE Ym aV*31YE hb\+m a Z1+* a\j �1W \-\Zn SSab`1+SW SfHx 1d/S,Sb1WnZ\E hb\ �Sada ]`\4,*W Sf wamZ\O,nqYS -`\Y*xI �/Z*V\ �Sada aV*4*WE hb\ +mW\ +m Z1]`*,SWnZ\b*V ]\abd]*bn a Wp/nYS L�dVS =B95P9:C �*`V* 7B5;MD

˙*E Wp/S ]\`\y ]\abd]*pb a Z*YS \h1Zn ]W\f\D ˙`d-S1 /1bSE,\4Y\3Z\E Z1 f\bqb ]`SZSY*bn Z*a , a,\p S-`dD �ZS Y\-db /*O31 aV*4*bnB w�f\/S \bap/*I �m a b\+\y Z1 /`d3SYIx �h1Zn\+S/Z\ aWmj*bn b*VS1 aW\,*E ]`*,/*H *YE ,\4Y\3Z\E /*31 4*Of\h1baq ]`\dhSbn SfD \ /\W3Zm WS Ym ob\ /1W*bnH �

˙*,*y ]\aY\b`SYE hb\ \+ ob\Y -\,\`Sbaq , �S+WSSD �bV`\O1Y VZS-d �`Sbh1yE 68Op -W*,dE 6=Oy abSfD �*Y Z*]Sa*Z\B w 1-\,\`SB tV*V \Z ]\abd]SW a\ YZ\pE b*V S q ]\abd]Wp a ZSYE,\4/*Y h1W\,1Vd ]\ /1W*Y 1-\rxD

�*V bm ]\ZSY*1jn ob\b abSfH � Z �1Y -\,\`SbaqE hb\ YmZ1 /\W3Zm YabSbnE SWS \b,1h*bn 4W\Y 4* 4W\D �m Z1 /\W3Zm]W\f\ \+`*k*bnaq a h1W\,1V\Y b\WnV\ ]\b\YdE hb\ \Z ]\abd]SWa Z*YS Z1f\`\j\D \ hb\E 1aWS Vb\Ob\ Z*Y1`1ZZ\ ]mb*1baq 4*Ob1qbn a b\+\y aa\`dH �b\E 1aWS \Z Z*hSZ*1b \+4m,*bnaqE ]mb*Oqan b1+q `*4\4WSbnH �Z Y\31b /`*4ZSbn b1+q S Z*aY1f*bnaqZ*/ b\+\yD hb\E 1aWS \Z Z*4\, �1b b1+q b`da\YH �b\ bm b\-/*a/1W*1jnH �\W141jn a ZSY /`*bnaqH �

˙*,*y ,Z\,n \+`*bSYaq V �S+WSSD �bV`\1Y ˚,*Z-1WS1 \b�*be1qE 9Op -W*,dE 7=Oy abSfD ˛/1an �Sada -\,\`SbB w 1 ]`\ObS,naq h1W\,1Vd 4W\YdE Z\ Vb\ d/*`Sb b1+q ]\ ]`*,\y k1V1E ]\O,1`ZS V Z1Yd S /`d-dpxD �b\ 31 \4Z*h*pb aW\,* �Sada*H �Y1WWS \Z , ,S/dE hb\E 1aWS b1+q d/*`qb VdW*V\Y , \/Zd k1VdE Zd3Z\]\/ab*,Sbn S /`d-dpH �

��& � �� ˙��&�)H

103

1bE �Sada -\,\`SW a\,a1Y \ /`d-\YD �Z SY1W , ,S/d Z1 d/*`VdW*V\YE * ]\k �1hSZdD �\k �1hSZ*E aV\`11E Z*]\YSZ*1b jW1]\VSWS b\Wh\VD �\k �1hSZd \+mhZ\ /*pbE hb\+m `*4\4WSbn S Z*ybS]\,\/ /Wq /`*VSD hb\ aWdhSbaqE 1aWS Ym ,a]mWSY S , \b,1b b\O31 b\WVZ �1Y Z*j1-\ \+S/hSV*H � *hZ �1baq /`*V*D

\ �Sada Z1 f\b1WE hb\+m 1-\ ]\aW1/\,*b1WS /`*WSanD �\ob\OYd \Z aV*4*WE hb\ Ym Z1 /\W3Zm \b,1h*bn Z* ]\k �1hSZmD 1 Zd3Z\ 4WSbnaq S ]daV*bn , f\/ VdW*VSD 1/n b*V Ym b\WnOV\ ]\V*31YE hb\ ZSh1Y Z1 \bWSh*1Yaq \b b1fE Vb\ 4*b1,*1b/`*VdD

˚aWS bm hd,ab,d1jnE hb\ \+ab*Z\,V* Z*V*Wq1baqE V*V Wdhj1,a1-\ ]\abd]SbnH � ˙*E Wdhj1 ]`\ab\ dybSD �\b ,b\`\y Y\31b]\]mb*bnaq 1k �1 ]*`d `*4 b\WVZdbn SWS jW �1]Zdbn b1+qE Z\ Z*ob\Y ,a �1E ,\4Y\3Z\E S 4*V\ZhSbaqD ˚aWS bm dy/ �1jnE ob\ Z1 +dO

�b\ Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE 1aWS Vb\Ob\4*b1,*1b a Z*YS aa\`dH

104

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

/1b \4Z*h*bnE hb\ bm aW*+myD *\+\`\bE ob\ ]\V*31bE hb\ bmaSWnZmy S Z1 +\Sjnaq ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\D

\ hb\E 1aWS bm ,a �1 31 ]dabSjn , f\/ VdW*VS S ]\+1/Sjn, /`*V1H �b\ Y\31b aWdhSbnaqH � �\bE V\-\ bm ]\+SWE Y\31b,1`ZdbnaqE Z\ d31 a\ a,\SYS /`d3V*YSD �ZS Y\-db /*31Z*+`\aSbnaq Z* b1+q a ]*WV\y SWS Z\3\YD �\ZSY*1jn b1O]1`nE ]\h1Yd �Sada Z1 f\b1WE hb\+m Ym ,,q4m,*WSan , /`*OVSH �

hb\ /1W*bnE 1aWS `q/\Y /1`dbaq /`d-S1H ˙\W3Zm WS Ym4*Zqbn hnpOb\ ab\`\Zd S ]`SZqbn dh*abS1 , /`*V1H � �S+WSS-\,\`SbaqE V*V Zd3Z\ ]\abd]SbnD �bV`\y �`SbhSE 6:Op -W*,dE5;Oy abSfD �*Y aV*4*Z\B w�,*b*1b ]a* 4* djSE Vb\E ]`\f\/q YSOY\E ,Y1jS,*1baq , hd3dp aa\`dxD

�b\ +d/1bE 1aWS bm af,*bSjn a\+*Vd 4* djSH �\+*V1+d/1b +\WnZ\E S \Z* ]\]mb*1baq b1+q dVdaSbnE ,1/nb*VH �1Y +\Wnj1 a\+*V* ,m`m,*1baqE b1Y V`1]h1b1+1 Zd3Z\ /1`3*bn 1 �1 4* djSD \ ob\ +dO/1b 4WSbn a\+*Vd ,a �1 +\Wnj1 S +\Wnj1D˚aWS bm 1 �1 \b]dabSjnE \Z* Y\31b Z*O+`\aSbnaq Z* b1+q S aSWnZ\ ]\Vda*bnD \,1/n bm Z1 Y\31jn ab\qbn b*V ,1hZ\ S/1`3*bn 1 �1 4* djSE ]`*,/*H �

�\ 31 aWdh*1baq S a b1YSE Vb\ ,Y1OjS,*1baq , hd3dp aa\`dE 4*ZSY*q bd SWSSZdp ab\`\ZdD �m Y\31Y S Z1 4Z*bnEVb\ Z*h*W /`*Vd SWS ]\h1Yd ,\4ZSVW*aa\`*D *]`SY1`E Ym 4*Y1bSWSE hb\ V\O-\Ob\ +npbD \ Y\31bE ob\b h1W\,1V

�\h1Yd ,Y1jS,*bnaq , hd3dp aa\`dPob\ ,a �1 `*,Z\ hb\ f,*b*bn ]a* 4* djSH�S V h1Yd f\`\j1Yd ob\ Z1 ]`S,1/ �1bE

]\ob\Yd Z1 /1W*y ob\-\I

��& � �� ˙��&�)H

105

hb\OZS+d/n dV`*WD ˚aWS Ym ,abd]SYaq 4* Z1-\E b\ ]\Y\31Y ,\O`dD ob\ +mW\ +m Z1]`*,SWnZ\E ]`*,/*H

\ hb\ /1W*bnE 1aWS Ym ,S/SY /`*VdH � ˚aWS /1`dbaq ,jV\W1E Y\3Z\ aV*4*bn \+ ob\Y dhSb1WpD 1aWS -/1Ob\ , /`d-\YY1ab1E Y\3Z\ ]\4,*bn `\/Sb1W1y SWS YSWSgS\Z1`*D ˙*E +mbnYS`\Wp+S,mY Y\3Z\ /*31 b\-/*E V\-/* /`d-S1 Skdb aa\`mD

�abSZZm1 dh1ZSVS �Sada* /1W*pb ,a �1 ,\4Y\3Z\1E hb\+mS4+1-*bn aa\` S /`*VD �1Y a*YmY Ym ]\V*4m,*1YE hb\ Ym aSWnOZm1 S Z1 +\SYaq ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\D �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqEhb\ dh1ZSVd �Sada* wZ1 Zd3Z\ ,abd]*bn , `*a]`S �SWS aa\`m�EZ\ +mbn Yq-VSY a\ ,a1YSx L6 �SY\e1p 6B68MD

b1]1`n ]\aY\b`SY 1k �1 Z1aV\WnV\ f\`\jSf a\,1b\,E V\b\O`m1 ]\Y\-db Z*Y S4+1-*bn /`*V S aa\`B �SYWqZ*Y 56B5;P65 S5 �1b`* 7B5>E 55D

�b\ bm +d/1jn /1W*bnE1aWS d,S/Sjn /`*VdH

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

106

��˚�� WS bm Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 ,a1-/* f\bqb +mbn ]1`O,mYSH� \4Y\3Z\E \ZS b\WV*pbaq S `*a]SfS,*pb ,a1fW\VbqYSE hb\+m ]1`,mYS ,ab*bn , \h1`1/nD �m 4*Y1h*W

b*V\1H � 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn ,S/1WE hb\ b*V ]\abd]*WS /*31,4`\aWm1D �ZS f\b1WS 4*Zqbn a*Ym1 WdhjS1 Y1ab*D � �Sadadob\ Z1 ]\Z`*,SW\anD ˙*,*y d4Z*1YE V*V ob\ aWdhSW\anD

�S+WSS `*aaV*4m,*1baqE hb\ �Sada* ]`S-W*aSWS Z* 4,*Zmy\+1/ , /\Y e*`Sa1qD �\b e*`Sa1y +mW ,*3ZmY `1WS-S\4ZmY `dOV\,\/Sb1W1YD \y/q , /\YE �Sada ab*W Z*+Wp/*bn 4* b1YE V*V/`d-S1 -\abS ,m+S`*WS a1+1 WdhjS1 Y1ab*D �\ob\Yd \Z `*aaV*O4*W ,a1Y ]`Sadbab,dpkSY \/Zd Sab\`SpD �\h1jn ]\aWdj*bnH �

xy � � � � � 6 > vw

��˚"& �� % ��˚�̇ ��%& �˚��%�H

�ab`1h*W WS bm Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 ,\ ,a �1Y f\bqb +mbn ]1`,mYSH

�Sada aV*4*WB w�\-/* Vb\OZS+d/n ]`S-W*aSb b1+q Z* a,*O/1+Zmy ]S`E Z1 ab`1YSan 4*Zqbn a*Y\1 Wdhj11E SWS a*Y\1 ]\Oh �1bZ\1E Y1ab\xD ˛Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd �Sada ob\ aV*4*WH � �Z\+lqaZSWE hb\ Z* ]S` Y\31b ]`SybS S +\W11 ,*3Zmy h1W\,1VD�\-/*E V*V ob\ ,S/Z\ Z* V*`bSZV1E f\4qSZ /\Y* ]\/\y/ �1b SaV*31bB w�abd]S a,\ �1 Y1ab\ ob\Yd h1W\,1Vd S ]1`1aq/n bd/*xD�b\ ]\hd,ab,d1b -\abn , ob\b Y\Y1ZbH � ˚Yd ab*Z1b abm/Z\E,1/n Z* -W*4*f d ,a1f 1Yd ]`S/ �1baq ]1`1a*3S,*bnaq Z* Y1Z11]\h �1bZ\1 Y1ab\D

�Sada \+lqaZSWE hb\ Z1]`*,SWnZ\ 4*ZSY*bn a1+1 Wdhj11Y1ab\D �Z aV*4*WB w�\-/* b1+q ]`S-W*aqb Z* a,*/1+Zmy ]S`ES/S S aq/n Z* a*Y\1 ZS4V\1 Y1ab\D �\-/* ]`S-W*aS,jSy b1+q]\/\y/ �1b S aV*31bB t˙`d-E ]1`1aq/n ,mj1rD � b1+1 \V*3db

h1abn ]1`1/ ,a1YS -\abqYSE ]1`1a*/S, Z* Wdhj11 Y1ab\xL�dVS 58B5E ;P55MD

�m ]\ZqWE 4*h1Y �Sada `*aaV*4*Wobd Sab\`SpH � �b\+m d4Z*bn ob\E]`S,1/d \/SZ ]`SY1`D �`1/Oab*,nE hb\ Z* \ab*Z\,Vd ]\/lO1f*W +SbV\Y Z*+Sbmy *,b\+daD�b*Z1jn WS bm ]`\b*WVS,*ObnaqE ab`1Yqan 4*Zqbn a1+1Y1ab\E b*V hb\ ]\3SW\Yd h1OW\,1VdE ,\4Y\3Z\E ]`S/ �1baqab\qbnH � ]\Z`*,Sbaq WSob\ �SadadH �

\ Vb\Ob\ Y\31b aV*4*bnE hb\�Sadad ,a �1 `*,Z\E V*V Ym a1+q ,1/ �1YD

bm V*V /dY*1jnH � �\-/* �Sada +mW ,-\abqf d e*`Sa1qE \Z Z*+Wp/*W 4* b1YE V*VS1 Y1ab* ,m+S`*OWS a1+1 -\abSD �*V Z1d31WS �Sada* Z1 ,\WZd1b b\E V*V Ym,1/ �1Y a1+q a1-\/ZqH � �1yh*a �Sada Z* Z1+1E S \bbd/* 1Yd,a �1 \h1Zn f\`\j\ ,S/Z\D

108

�\-/* Vb\Ob\ ab`1YSbaq ,\ ,a �1Y +mbn ]1`,mYE ob\ ]`S,\/SbV \/ZSY WSjn Z1]`SqbZ\abqYD �+mhZ\ ob\ ,m4m,*1b a]\`m S,4*SYZm1 \+S/mD �*V\1 Y\31b aWdhSbnaqE V\-/* /1bS ,Y1ab11/db Vd/*OZS+d/n Z* *,b\+da1D �*V b\WnV\ \bV`m,*pbaq /,1`SE,a1 a]1j*b ]1`,mYS 4*W14bn , *,b\+daD �*3/my ab*`*1baq 4*OZqbn a1+1 Wdhj11 Y1ab\E hb\+m aS/1bn d \V\jV*D \ V h1Yd ob\Y\31b ]`S,1abSH � ˙*E V aa\`*Y S \+S/*YD

˝1W*ZS1 ,a1-/* S ,\ ,a �1Y +mbn ]1`,mY Y\31b ]`SZ1abSZ1Y*W\ +1/D �*V\1 31W*ZS1 ]`S,1W\ V `*4/\`*Y Y13/d*]\ab\W*YS �Sada*D :Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZS-S `*aaV*O4m,*W\anE V*V \ZS a]\`SWS \ b\YE Vb\ S4 ZSf a*OYmy -W*,ZmyD �b\ 31 a/1W*W �SadaH � �Z ]\Y\-SY ]\ZqbnE hb\ \ZS +mWS Z1 ]`*,mD \ ]\4/Z11Y13/d ZSYS aZ\,* Z*h*Waq a]\`D ˙*O,*y d4Z*1YE V*V ob\ ]`\S4\jW\D

�Sada ,Y1ab1 a\ a,\SYS*]\ab\W*YS S /`dO-SYS Wp/nYS

�1Yd f\b1WZ*dhSbn �SadaEV\-/* `*aaV*4m,*W\ b1fE Vb\ 4*ZqWWdhjS1 Y1ab*H

Z*]`*,Wq1baq , �1`da*WSYD ˙Wq �Sada* ob\ ]db1j1ab,S1 ,�1`da*WSY ]\aW1/Z11D �Z d31 YZ\-\1 `*aaV*4m,*W dh1ZSV*Y\ �*àb,1E S b1]1`n �*V\, S �\*ZZ /dY*pb \ b\YE V*V 4*Zqbn, �*àb,1 ,S/Z\1 ]\W\31ZS1 S ab*bn g*`qYS ,Y1ab1 a �SadOa\YD �ZS /*31 /1Wqbaq ob\y Y1hb\y a\ a,\1y Y*b1`npE �*W\OYS1y L�*be1q 6;B9:C �*`V* 59B8>MD � ,\b ]\ /\`\-1 ,�1`da*WSY �*W\YSq ]\/f\/Sb V �SadadE VW*Zq1baq 1Yd S ]`\OaSb \+ \/\W31ZSSD

w�1-\ bm f\h1jnHx P a]`*jS,*1b �SadaD �\-/* \Z* -\,\`SbBw�*V +m YZ1 f\b1W\anE hb\+m amZ\,nq Y\S a1WS `q/\Y a b\+\y, b,\ �1Y g*àb,1B \/SZ ]\ ]`*,dpE * /`d-\y ]\ W1,dp `dVd \bb1+qxD \ \ ]`\an+1 �*V\,* S �\*ZZ*E V\b\`dp \ZS ]1`1/*pbh1`14 a,\p Y*bnE d4Z*pb /`d-S1 /1aqbn *]\ab\W\,D �*V bm /dOY*1jnE hb\ \ZS ]\hd,ab,\,*WSH �

� h �1Y �*W\YSq ]\]`\aSW* �Sada* S hb\ S4 ob\-\ ,mjW\H

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

˙*E \ZS \h1Zn \+S/1WSan Z* �*V\,* S �\*ZZ*D �\ob\Yd �SOada /*W ,a1Y *]\ab\W*Y f\`\jSy a\,1bD �Sada aV*4*WB w�`*,SOb1WS Z*`\/\, Wp+qb -\a]\/ab,\,*bn S V*4*bnaq ,*3ZmYSD �ZSab`1Yqbaq 4*Zqbn ,ma\V\1 ]\W\31ZS1E hb\+m SY ,a1 ]\/hSZqOWSanD \ Y\S ]\aW1/\,*b1WS Z1 /\W3Zm b*V ]\abd]*bnxD � 4*Ob1Y /\+*,SWB w�b\ f\h1b +mbn ]1`,mY a`1/S ,*aE /\W31Z +mbn,*Y `*+\YxD �`1/ab*,Wq1jnHI L�*be1q 6>B6>P6<MD

4Z*1jnE h1Y 4*ZSY*1baq `*+H � �*+ aWd3Sb /`d-SY S Z1\3S/*1bE hb\ 1Yd +d/db ]`SaWd3S,*bnD �Z ,a1-/* 4*ZSY*1b a*OY\1 ZS4V\1 S Z1]\h �1bZ\1 Y1ab\D �Z ZSV\-/* Z1 ,1/ �1b a1+q V*Va*Ymy -W*,ZmyD �Sada -\,\`SWE hb\ b\bE Vb\ f\h1b +mbn ]1Ò,mYE /\W31Z ,1abS a1+q V*V `*+D

\ V*V ob\ ]`SY1ZSbn V Z*YH � �b*W +m `*+ a]\`Sbn a\a,\SY -\a]\/SZ\Y \ b\YE V\Yd /\ab*Z1baq Wdhj11 Y1ab\H �WS\ b\YE Vb\ ]1`,mY ]`Sabd]Sb V 1/1H �*V bm /dY*1jnH � �*V\+lqaZSW �SadaE `*+ ,a1-/* dabd]*1b a,\1Yd -\a]\/SZd L�dVS5;B;P5>MD

�*V ]\ob\Yd Z*Y Zd3Z\ ]\abd]*bnE ,Y1ab\ b\-\ hb\+m,a1-/* ab`1YSbnaq +mbn ]1`,mYSH � ˙*E Z*Y Zd3Z\ ,1abS a1O+q ]\/\+Z\ `*+*YD *Y aW1/d1b dabd]*bn /`d-SYD �m Z1 +d/1YahSb*bn a1+q a*YmYS -W*,ZmYS S /dY*bnE +d/b\ Ym ,mj1 /`dO-SfD \ V*V ob\ ]\V*4*bnH � ˙*,*y \bV`\1Y 8>Op S 85Op ab`*OZSgm ob\y VZS-S S 1k �1 `*4 ]\aY\b`SYE hb\ 4Z*hSb aWd3Sbn/`d-SYD

a]\YZSE 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn ahSb*W /`d-Sf ,mj1 a1+q S aWdO3SW Wp/qYD ]\aW1/ZSy ,1h1È V\b\`my �Sada ]`\, �1W a\ a,\OSYS *]\ab\W*YSE \Z /*31 \]dabSWaq Z* V\W1ZS S ,mYmW SYZ\-SD ˚aWS Ym +1` �1Y a Z1-\ ]`SY1È Ym +d/1Y `*/\,*bn 1WSOV\-\ �hSb1Wq S 1-\ �bg*E �1-\,d �\-*D

˙*,*y ]`\hSb*1Y 1k �1 Z1aV\WnV\ +S+W1yaVSf abSf\,E ]\+d3/*OpkSf Z*a ahSb*bn /`d-Sf ,mj1 a1+qB �dVS =B8<C �SYWqZ*Y 56B7S�SWS]]Syg*Y 6B7E 8D

��˚"& �� % �˚�˙ �%�& �˚�%�H

111

˛ ˚"&E hb\ b*V\1 f,*ab\,ab,\H � �`S,1/d b1+1 \/SZ]`SY1`D �`Sf\/SW\an WS b1+1 V\-/*OZS+d/n /1W*bn b\Ehb\ d b1+q Z1 \h1Zn f\`\j\ ]\Wdh*1baqH �\31bE +Sbn ]\

Yqhd SWS ]`m-*bn h1`14 aV*V*WVdH �m,*W\ WS b*V\1E hb\ Vb\OZS+d/n , b\b Y\Y1Zb aY1qWaq Z*/ b\+\y S -\,\`SWB w�*Of*Of*I d Y1Zq +m Wdhj1 ]\WdhSW\anxH � \b ob\ S Z*4m,*1baq f,*Oab\,ab,\YD

�b\ bm hd,ab,d1jnE V\-/* Vb\OZS+d/n f,*ab*1baqH �1+1 ob\Z`*,SbaqH � V*V hd,ab,dpb a1+q /`d-S1E V\-/* f,*ab*1jnaqbmH � �\`\j\ WS -\,\`Sbn V\YdOb\B w q Wdhj1 b1+qxH � �pO+Sb WS b*VSf Wp/1y �1-\,*H �

1WSVSy �hSb1Wn ,ab`1h*W Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 /dY*WSE hb\ \ZSWdhj1 /`d-SfD �ZS f,*ab*WSanE `*af,*WS,*WS a1+q S aY\b`1WSZ* ,a1f a,ma\V*D �\ob\Yd �SadaE 31W*q ]\V*4*bnE hb\ b*V ,1OabS a1+q Z1f\`\j\E `*aaV*4*W SY \/Zd Sab\`SpD ˙*,*y ]\aWdOj*1YD

'b* Sab\`Sq \ e*`Sa11 S a+\`kSV1 Z*W\-\,D �*`Sa1S Pob\ `1WS-S\4Zm1 dhSb1Wq b\-\ ,`1Y1ZSD �*ab\ \ZS ,1WS a1+qb*VE aW\,Z\ +mWS a*YmYS Z*+\3ZmYS S ]`*,1/ZmYS Wp/nYS, YS`1D � ,\b \/Z*3/mE V*V `*aaV*4*W �SadaE \/SZ e*`Sa1y]`Sj �1W ]\Y\WSbnaq , �1`da*WSYaVSy f`*YD

�`Sj �1W bd/* S a+\`kSV Z*W\-\,D �\WnjSZab,\ Wp/1y Z1Wp+SWS a+\`kSV\, Z*W\-\,D �Y V*4*W\anE hb\ \ZS b*V S Z\`\O,qb Sf \+Y*ZdbnD � ]`*,/*E YZ\-S1 a+\`kSVS Z*W\-\, Z1 ,a1O-/* ]\abd]*WS h1abZ\D

\y/q , f`*YE e*`Sa1y Z*h*W Y\WSbnaqB w�E �\31I �]*aS+\b1+1E hb\ q Z1 b*V\y -`1jZmyE V*V /`d-S1 Wp/SD ) ZSV\-\ Z1

xy � � � � � 65 vw

��& � �� &�)H

112

\+Y*Zm,*p S Z1 /1W*p ZSh1-\ ]W\f\-\D ) Z1 b*V\yE V*V ob\ba+\`kSV Z*W\-\,D 1/n q h1W\,1V ]`*,1/ZmyD ˙,*3/m , Z1/1OWp q \bV*4m,*pan \b ]SkSE hb\+m +\Wnj1 `*4YmjWqbn \ b1O+1E �\31D ) \b/*p f`*Yd /1aqbdp h*abn S4 ,a1-\E hb\]`S\+`1b*pxD �*VSY 31 a*Y\,Wp+W �1ZZmY +mW ob\b e*`Sa1yEZ1 ]`*,/* WSH � �Z ahSb*WE hb\ Wdhj1 Z1-\ Z1 Z*ybS h1W\,1V*Z* ,a �1Y +1W\Y a,1b1D � ,\b \+ ob\Y \Z `*aaV*4m,*W �\-dD

�+\`kSV 31 Z*W\-\, , �1W a1+q a\,1`j1ZZ\ SZ*h1D �Z /*31Z1 aY1W ]\/Zqbn -W*4* V Z1+dE V\-/* Y\WSWaqE Z\ ab\qW , ab\O`\ZV1 a ZS4V\ \]dk1ZZ\y -\W\,\yD �Z aSWnZ\ ]1`13S,*W S4O4* a\,1`j �1ZZmf SY -`1f\, S , \bh*qZSS +SW a1+q , -`d/nD SaW\,* \Z Z1 aV*4*W \ a,\Sf /\ab\SZab,*fD \ WSjn ]`S-\,*`SO,*WB w�\31E +d/n /\+` V\ YZ1E -`1jZSVdxD

�*V bm /dY*1jnE Vb\ S4 obSf /,\Sf ]\Z`*,SWaq �\-dH �*O`Sa1yE V\b\`my ahSb*W a1+q a*YmY ]`*,1/ZmYE SWS a+\`kSVZ*W\-\,E V\b\`my `*aV*S,*Waq , a,\Sf-`1f*fH �

�Sada aV*4*WE hb\ �\-d ]\Z`*,SWaqa+\`kSV Z*W\-\,D �\h1YdH �Sada\+lqaZSWB w�*3/myE Vb\ /1W*1b ,S/E+d/b\ \Z Wdhj1 /`d-SfE +d/1b dZS31ZD b\bE Vb\ Z1 /dY*1b \ a1+1aWSjV\Y YZ\-\E ,\4,maSbOaqx L�dVS 5<B=P58MD

�1Yd f\b1W Z*dhSbn �SOadaH � �Z f\b1W ]\V*4*bnEhb\ Z1]`*,SWnZ\ /dY*bnE+d/b\ Ym Wdhj1 /`d-SfDw \ q S Z1 -\,\`pE hb\ qWdhj1 /`d-SfxEP aV*31bVb\Ob\D ˙*E Z\ ob\ Y\31b]`\q,Wqbnaq , Z*j1Y

�\h1Yd �\-d]\Z`*,SWaq a+\`kSV

Z*W\-\,E * Z1 e*`Sa1yH

��& � �� &�)H

]\,1/1ZSSD � b\+\y b*V\1 aWdh*W\anH � ˙*,*y `*aaY\b`SY]`SY1` *]\ab\W* �1b`*D

�/Z*3/m �Sada aV*4*W a,\SY *]\ab\W*YE hb\ ]\aW1 1-\ *`1Oab* ,a1 \ZS \ab*,qb 1-\D �aWmj*, ob\E � �1b` ab*W f,*ab*bnaqBw˙*31 1aWS ,a1 \ZS \ab*,qb b1+qE q ZSV\-/* Z1 \ab*,Wp b1O+qIx �*V 31 � �1b` \jS+*WaqI �Z +mW aWSjV\Y a*Y\d,1`1ZD�Z ,a �1 31 \ab*,SW �Sada*D �/Z*V\ ]\4/Z11 \Z ,1`ZdWaqE V*V\+ ob\Y Ym d4Z ‹*1Y , 7>Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZS-S L�*be1q6:B75P77MD

b1]1`n `*aaY\b`SY ]`SY1` S4 a\,`1Y1ZZ\y 3S4ZSD�`1/]\W\3SYE hb\ dhSb1Wn , jV\W1 4*/*W VW*aad ,\]`\aD �b\E1aWS bm f\`\j\ 4Z*1jn Y*b1`S*WE * /`d-\y dh1ZSV Y1/WSb a\b,1b\YH �\Z1hZ\E ]`SqbZ\ a\4Z*,*bnE hb\ bm 4Z*1jnE V*V \bO,1bSbn Z* ,\]`\a dhSb1WqD \ `*4,1 +mW\ +m f\`\j\ a`*,ZSO,*bn a1+q a b1YE Vb\ Z1 Y\31b \b,1bSbn b*V 31 +mab`\E V*VbmH � �*4,1 ]`*,SWnZ\ ]\V*4m,*bn a,\ �1 ]`1,\af\/ab,\ Z*e\Z1 hd3Sf Z1d/*hH �

�Y1ZZ\ ob\ S /1W*W e*`Sa1yD �Z f,*ab*Waq b1YE hb\ \ZWdhj1 a+\`kSV* Z*W\-\,D \ 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn aV*4*WE hb\ e*O`Sa1y +mW Z1]`*,D ˙*E \/ZS Wp/S /1W*pb hb\Ob\ Wdhj1 /`d-SfD \ ob\ 1k �1 Z1 \4Z*h*1bE hb\ \ZS Wdhj1D

�\ob\YdE 1aWS Ym 4Z*1Y +\Wnj1E h1Y /`d-\y h1W\,1VE/* �1b WS ob\ Z*Y ]`*,\ f,*ab*bnaqH � ˙*,*y ]\`*4YmjWq1YD�*4,1 Ym a*YS a\4/*WS a,\y Y\4-H � 1bE Y\4- /*W Wp/qY�\-D �`*VbSh1aVS ,a1YdE hb\ Ym 4Z*1YE Ym Z*dhSWSan \b /`dO-SfD � h �1YOb\ Ym ]`\hSb*WS , VZS-1D �b\Ob\ Z*Y `*aaV*4*WS/`d-S1 Wp/SD \ /*31 1aWS Ym /\/dY*WSan /\ h1-\Ob\ a*YSEV*V Z*Y ob\ d/*W\anH � ˙*E +W*-\/*`q Y\4-dE V\b\`my ]\/*`SWZ*Y �\-D

˚aWS Ym 4*Y1h*1YE hb\ Vb\Ob\ ab*`*1baqE +mW\ +m f\`\j\]\f,*WSbn S ]\/+\/`Sbn b*V\-\ h1W\,1V*D �V*3S 1YdE hb\ b1+1

114

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

]\Z`*,SW*an 1-\ `*+\Ob* SWS ,mabd]W1ZS1D�m Y\31jn /*31 ]\OY\hn 1Yd dWdhjSbnaqD1/n bmE Z*,1`ZqV*Ef\b1W +mE hb\+m a b\O+\y b\31 b*V ]\abd]*OWSE ]`*,/*H �

1V\b\`m1 aSWnZ11/`d-SfD hb\E 1aWS bm aSWnZ11 a,\1-\ +`*b* SWS a1ab`mH ˙* �1bWS ob\ b1+1 ]`*,\ f,*WSbnaqH � 1bD �\b\Yd hb\ `*abS S ab*OZ\,Sbnaq aSWnZ11 Z*Y ]\Y\-*1b ]Sk*E V\b\`dp Ym 1/SYD \,1/n ob\ +W*-\/*`q �\-d a,1bSb a\WZg1 S Wn �1b /\3/SVE V\Ob\`m1 ]\Y\-*pb `*abS \,\k*Y Se`dVb*YE ]`*,/*H � �\ob\Yd Ym/\W3Zm +W*-\/*`Sbn �\-* 4* b\E hb\\Z ]\Y\- Z*Y ,m`*abS V`1]VSYS SaSWnZmYS L˙1qZSq 58B5:E 5;MD

SV\Yd Z1 ]`SqbZ\ aWmj*bnE V*VVb\Ob\ f,*ab*1baqE ]`*,/*H � a]\YOZSY aW\,* �Sada*B w�*V f\bSb1E hb\O+m Wp/S ]\abd]*WS a ,*YSE b*V S ,m]\abd]*yb1 a ZSYSxD �Wdj*qan �SOada*E Ym ZSV\-/* Z1 ab*Z1Y ]\f\O3SYS Z* f,*abWS,\-\ e*`Sa1q S4Sab\`SS 1WSV\-\ �hSb1Wq L�dVS:B75MD

�/Z*3/m Vb\Ob\ Z*4,*W �Sada*/\+`\/1b1WnZmYD �V*4*W WS 1WSVSy

˚aWS bm 4Z*1jn +\Wnj1E/1W*1b WS ob\ b1+q Wdhj1 /`d-SfH

�\h1Yd Z1Wn4qf,*ab*bnaqa,\1y aSW\yH

115

�hSb1WnB w�E /*I ) \h1Zn /\+`\/1b1WnZmyxH � 1bE \Z b*V Z1aV*4*WD *\+\`\bE \Z ,\4`*4SWB w SVb\ Z1 /\+`\/1b1W1ZE V`\OY1 \/Z\-\ P �\-*x L�*`V* 5>B5<MD �\bq 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn +mWa\,1`j1ZZmYE \Z Z1 ab*W f,*WSbnaq a\+\yD Y1ab\ ob\-\ \Z,\4/*W ,ap aW*,d a,\1Yd �bgdE �1-\,1D

�b*VE 1abn WS Vb\Ob\E V\-\ Ym Y\31Y ,\af,*WqbnH � ˙*D �mY\31Y ,\af,*Wqbn Z*j1-\ �,\`g*E �1-\,d �\-*D *+Wp/*q]`1V`*aZmy 4*V*b SWS /`d-S1 ,\afSbSb1WnZm1 b,\`1ZSq �\-*EYm Y\31Y aV*4*bnB wap obd V`*a\bd a\4/*W �\-E �1-\,*xD ˙*O,*y ,a1-/* `*aaV*4m,*bn /`d-SY \ ,1WSh1ab,1ZZmf /1W*f �1-\O,mE \ b\YE hb\ \Z d31 a/1W*W S a/1W*1b , +d/dk1YD

�`\hSb*y \ b\YE hb\ , �S+WSS -\,\`Sbaq \ f,*ab\,ab,1E S \b\YE ]\h1Yd Z1Wn4q f,*WSbnaq a\+\yB �`SbhS 5:B9E 5<C �1`1YSq=B67E 68C 5 \`SZeqZ*Y 8B; S 57B8D

\-\ ,\af,*Wq1b ob\b Y*WnhSVH

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

��˚˙��&E hb\ /1,\hV* ]\\+1k*W* Y*Y1B w) ]`S/d/\Y\y a`*4d 31 ]\aW1 jV\WmxD \ ]\aW1 d`\V\, \Z*4*/1`3*W*an ]\S-`*bn a ]\/`d3V*YSE * Y*Y1 ]\b\Y

aV*4*W*B w'b\ dhSb1WnZSg* ]\]`\aSW* Y1Zq \ab*bnaqxD �\`\Oj\ WS \Z* ]\abd]SW*H �

�WSE Y\31bE Y*WnhSV -\,\`Sb \bgdB w 1bE ]*]E q Z1 S-`*W/\Y* a YqhSV\YxD \ hb\E 1aWS Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 ob\ Z1 b*VH�mW\ +m h1abZ\ a 1-\ ab\`\Zm aV*4*bnE hb\ \Z Z1 S-`*W a YqOh\YH �

1WSVSy �hSb1Wn \+lqaZSWEV*V Zd3Z\ ]\abd]*bnD �Z aV*4*WBw�dabn ,*j1 aW\,\ t/*r \4Z*Oh*1b t/*rE * tZ1br P tZ1brC *,a �1 \ab*WnZ\1 P d31 \b ˛W\O-\x L�*be1q 9B7;MD �b\ �SadaSY1W , ,S/dH � �Z f\b1W]\V*4*bnE hb\ Z*jS /1W* ZSOV\-/* Z1 /\W3Zm `*af\/SbnOaq a\ aW\,*YSD

�S+WSS 1abn Sab\`SqE V\Ob\`*q ]\V*4m,*1bE V*V ,*3Z\,a1-/* -\,\`Sbn ]`*,/dD 'b\Sab\`Sq \ /,df Wp/qfE V\b\O`m1 Z*4m,*WS a1+q dh1ZSV*OYS �Sada*D ˙*,*y d4Z*1YE hb\a ZSYS aWdhSW\anD

xy � � � � � 6 6 vw

��˚�� ˚�&˛) ��&

�b\ ]W\f\-\ a/1W*Wob\b Y*WnhSVH

117

�`\jW\ ]`S+WS4Sb1WnZ\ /,* Y1aqg* a\ /Zq aY1`bS �SadOa*D �Z\31ab,\ Wp/1y S4 a*Ymf \b/*W �1ZZmf d-\WV\, a\O+`*WSan , �1`da*WSY Z* ,*3Zmy Sd/1yaVSy ]`*4/ZSVEZ*4m,*1Ymy �qbS/1aqbZSg*D ]\ab\W � �1b` ]`\S4Z �1a ]`1OV`*aZdp `1hnD �Z `*aaV*4*W \+ �Sada1 S \ b\YE V*V �\- 1-\,\aV`1aSWD �Z\-S1 S4 b1fE Vb\ ]`Sj �1W b\-/* , �1`da*WSYEdaWmj*WS \+ �Sada1 ,]1`,m1D � b1]1`n SY f\b1W\an d4Z*bn

\ Z �1Y ]\+\Wnj1D �b\ 31 \ZS a/1W*WSH

�ZS `1jSWS \ab*bnaq , �1`da*OWSY1 1k �1 V*V\1Ob\ ,`1YqD \

]`\+mWS b*Y /\Wnj1E h1Y\3S/*WSD aV\`1 d ZSfV\ZhSWSan ,a1 /1ZnO-S P Z1 \ab*W\an/*31 Z* 1/dD �4Z*,\+ ob\YE dh1ZSVS ,�1`da*WSY1 4*f\Ob1WS ]\Y\hn obSYWp/qYD �Z\-S1 S4dh1ZSV\, ]`\/*,*OWS a,\ �1 SYdk1ab,\S ]`SZ\aSWS /1ZnO-S *]\ab\W*Y �SOada*D *]\ab\Wm`*4/*,*WS /1Zn-SZd3/*,jSYaqD

Z*ZSq S 1-\31Z* �*]eS`* P

hW1Zm f`SabS*ZaV\-\ a\O+`*ZSq , �1`da*WSY1 P b\31 ]`\/*WS a,\ �1 ]\W1D �f ZSVb\Z1 4*ab*,WqWD 'b\ +mW\ Sf WShZmY `1j1ZS1YD \ \ZS a/1W*WSob\ Z1 S4 Wp+,S V Z\,mY dh1ZSV*Y �Sada*D 1bE Z*ZSq S

*V Z*ZSq\+Y*ZdW �1b`*H

118

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

�*]eS`* ]`\ab\ f\b1WS ]`\S4,1abS Z* /`d-Sf ,]1h*bW1ZS1E]\V*4*bnaq Wdhj1E h1Y \ZS 1abn Z* a*Y\Y /1W1D �\ob\Yd \ZS`1jSWS aV*4*bnE hb\ \b/*pb ,a1 a,\S /1Zn-SE hb\+m ]\Y\hn/`d-SYD * a*Y\Y 31 /1W1 \ZS f\b1WS \b/*bn WSjn h*abn /1OZ1-E * \ab*WnZ\1 ]`S+1`1hn /Wq a1+qD �b\ bm \+ ob\Y /dY*O1jnH �

�b*VE Z*ZSq ]`Sf\/Sb V *]\ab\W*Y S \b/* �1b SY /1Zn-SD \ \b �\-* ZSh1-\ Z1Wn4q db*SbnD �1-\,* 4Z*1bE hb\ ob\ WSjnh*abn /1Z1-E ]\Wdh1ZZmf \b ]`\/*3S ]\WqD �\ob\Yd �\- `*aOV`m,*1b *]\ab\Wd �1b`d Z1h1abZ\abn Z*ZSSD

�\-/* � �1b` -\,\`SbB wZ*ZSqE V*V 31 bm ]\4,\WSW �*b*Z1aVW\ZSbn b1+q V b*V\Yd 4WdH 1/n ]\W1 +mW\ b,\SYD �1+q ZSOVb\ Z1 4*ab*,WqW 1-\ ]`\/*,*bnD � /*31 ]`\/*, a,\ �1 ]\W1E bmY\- /1W*bn a /1Zn-*YS ,a �1 hb\ d-\/Z\D ˛*h1Y 31 bm aV*4*WE hb\\b/*W Z*Y ,a1 /1Zn-SE ,1/n ob\ 31 b\WnV\ h*abn S4 ZSfH �m a\OW-*W Z1 b\WnV\ Z*YD �m a\W-*W �\-dxD

\b Z*aV\WnV\ ob\ +mW\ a1`n �14Z\D Z*ZSq a\W-*WI �Z aV*4*W\/Z\E b\-/* V*V a/1W*W a\,a1Y /`d-\1D �Z aV`mW b\E hb\ +mW\Z* a*Y\Y /1W1D �S+WSS `*aaV*4m,*1baqE hb\ aWdhSW\an /*WnOj1B w�aWmj*, aW\,* �1b`*E Z*ZSq d]*W S dY1`xD 'b\ �\- ]\O`*4SW Z*ZSpI aV\`1 1-\ ,mZ1aWS S ]\f\`\ZSWSD

�b\ aWdhSW\an a Z*ZS1yE]\aW1 b\-\ V*V \Z a\W-*WH

��˚�� ˚�&˛) ��&

�`SY1`Z\ h1`14 b`S h*a* V *]\ab\W*Y ]`Sf\/Sb �*]eS`*D�Z* Z1 4Z*1b \ b\YE hb\ ]`\S4\jW\ a 1 �1 Yd31YD �\ob\Yd� �1b` a]`*jS,*1bB w�V*3SE ,m ]`\/*WS a,\ �1 ]\W1 `\,Z\ 4*ab\WnV\E aV\WnV\ Z*Y \b/*WSHx

w˙*EP \b,1h*1b �*]eS`*EP 4* aV\WnV\ ]`\/*WSE ab\WnV\,*Y S \b/*WSxD \ ,1/n ob\ q,Z*q W\3nI �`\/*, ]\W1E \ZS db*OSWS h*abn /1Z1-D �\ob\Yd �\- Z*V*4m,*1b aY1`bnp S �*]eS`dL˙1qZSq 9B5P55MD

�1Yd Ym dhSYaq S4 b\-\E hb\ aWdhSW\an a Z*ZS1y S�*]eS`\yH � �m d4Z* �1YE hb\ �\- Z1 Wp+Sb W31g\,D �Z 31W*O1bE hb\+m Ym ,a1-/* -\,\`SWS ]`*,/dD \ YZ\-S1 Z1 ,S/qb ZSOh1-\ ]W\f\-\ , b\YE hb\+m W-*bn S \+Y*Zm,*bnD hb\ bm/dY*1jn \+ ob\YH � ˛Z*W WS bmE hb\ ,a1 +\W14ZSE ab`*/*ZSq SaY1`bn P ob\ ]\aW1/ab,Sq W3SH �

�\YZSjnE Ym d31 -\,\`SWS \ b\YE hb\ ˙nq,\W a\W-*W]1`,\y 31ZkSZ1E ˚,1D �Z 4*,1`SW 1 �1 , b\YE hb\ \Z* Z1 dYO` �1bE 1aWS \aWdj*1baq �\-* S al1ab ]W\/E V\b\`my �\- 4*]`1O

bSW b`\-*bnD ˚,* ]\,1`SW* ˙nq,\Wd S al1W* ]W\/D�Z* b*V31 d+1/SW* /*Y* al1abn 4*]`1bZmy]W\/D �*V \ZS ab*WS -`1jZmYSE S ,a1 /1ObSE V\b\`m1 d ZSf `\3/*WSanE b\31 ab*Z\O,SWSan -`1jZmYSD �Y1ZZ\ ]\ob\Yd ,a1]\b\YVS /*Y* ab`*/*pb S dYS`*pbD \ a h1-\ ,a �1 Z*h*W\anH � a �1 Z*h*W\an a\W3SD

\b ]\h1Yd �Sada Z*4,*W �*b*Zd wW31g\YS \bg\Y W3SxI �Y1ZZ\ \Z aV*4*W ]1`,dp ,YS`1 W\3nD �\-/* Wp/S W-dbE \ZS ]\abd]*Opb b*V 31E V*V ˙nq,\WD �+ ob\Y ,*3Z\]\YZSbnE \a\+1ZZ\ V\-/* d Z*a ,\4ZSV*1bSaVdj1ZS1 aV*4*bn Z1]`*,/d L�\*ZZ* <B88MD

b\E ]\ aW\,*Y�Sada*E aV*4*W]1`,dp W\3nS h1Y ,a �1 ob\\+1`ZdW\anH 120

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

\ V\-/* Y\31b ]\q,Sbnaq b*V\1 SaVdj1ZS1H � �\aW1b\-\ V*V Ym a/1W*WS hb\Ob\ ]W\f\1E ,1/n b*VH � *]`SY1`E bmY\- aWdh*yZ\ hb\OZS+d/n `*4+SbnD �\Z1hZ\E bm ob\-\ Z1 f\b1WD \ 1aWS b1+q a]`\aqbE Vb\ ob\ a/1W*WE ab*Z1jn WS bm a,*WSO,*bn ,a �1 Z* a,\1-\ +`*b* SWS a1ab`dH �WS /1W*bn ,S/E +d/b\ Z14Z*1jnE V*V ob\ aWdhSW\anH �

,\b /`d-\y ]`SY1`B b1+1 Zd3Z\ ,m]\WZSbn /\Y*jZ11 4*O/*ZS1E Z\ bm a/1W*W b\WnV\ h*abnD �d/1b WS h1abZ\ aV*4*bnE hb\bm a/1W*W ,a1 d`\VSH � *3Z\ ]\YZSbn \ ]`SY1`1 Z*ZSS S�*]eS`mD �ZS Z1 aV*4*WS ,a1y ]`*,/m S 4* ob\ ]\]W*bSWSan3S4ZnpD �\- ]\`*4SW SfE ]\V*4*, b1Y a*YmYE V*V \Z \bZ\aSbOaq V\ W3SD

�\ob\YdE V*VSY +m bqO3 �1WmY ZS +mW Z*j ]`\Oabd]\VE a\W-*,E Ym a/1W*1Yb\WnV\ fd31D 1Wn4q b*VO31 -\,\`Sbn S ]\Wd]`*,/dD �S+WSS aV*4*Z\B w�\,\O`Sb1 SabSZdxD b*V31Bw 1 W-Sb1 /`d- /`d-dxD �1O-\,* ,a1-/* -\,\`Sb SabSOZdE S \Z 31W*1bE hb\+m Ymb\31 b*V ]\abd]*WS L'e1OaqZ*Y 8B69C �\W\aaqZ*Y7B=MD

m ,a1-/* /\W3Zm -\,\O`Sbn ]`*,/dD 'b* YmaWn]\/h �1`VS,*1baq , �af\/16> B5:C �`Sbh*f :B5:P5=C56B5=C 58B9C 5:B: S ˚,`1qY8B57D

\-/* ]\q,Wq1baq SaVdj1ZS1aV*4*bn Z1]`*,/dH

��˚�� ˚�&˛) ��&

�% ˛ ˚"& Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 h1YOZS+d/n +\W1pbH �\4Y\3Z\E bm a*Y V\-/*Ob\ +\W1WD �\31bE d b1+q +mOW* ]`\abd/* SWS +\W1W 3S,\bD 1V\b\`m1 Wp/S \h1Zn

+\WnZmD �ZS Z1 Y\-db /*31 ,ab*bn +14 ]\ab\`\ZZ1y ]\Y\OkSD �*V\1 h*ab\ ]`\Saf\/SbE V\-/* h1W\,1V ab*`11bD

�*3/my ,`1Yq \b ,`1Y1ZS +\W11bD bm 4Z*1jnE ]\h1YdWp/S +\W1pbE ab*`1pb S dYS`*pbH � �*VOb\ `*4 V �Sadad]`SZ1aWS \h1Zn +\WnZ\-\ h1W\,1V*E V\b\`my Z1 Y\- f\/SbnD� ,\b b\-/* 1WSVSy �hSb1Wn \+lqaZSWE ]\h1Yd Wp/S +\W1Opb S dYS`*pbD ) f\hd `*aaV*4*bn b1+1 \+ ob\YD

�Sada ]`Sf\/Sb , -\`\/E V\b\`my `*a]\W\31Z ,+WS4S �*OWSW1yaV\-\ Y\`qD /\Y1E -/1 \Z \ab*Z*,WS,*1baqE a\+S`*1bOaq YZ\31ab,\ Z*`\/*D �p/1y b*V YZ\-\E hb\ Z1,\4Y\3Z\/*31 ]`\bSaZdbnaq V /,1`SE Z1 -\,\`q d31 \ b\YE hb\+m,\ybS , /\YD \ Wp/S ,a �1 ]`Sf\/qb S ]`Sf\/qbI \b Z1adb]*`*WS4\,*ZZ\-\ h1W\,1V*C \Z Z*ab\WnV\ aW*+E hb\ Z1 Y\31b/*31 f\/SbnD �Z W13Sb Z* Z\aSWV*fE V\b\`m1 Z1adb h1bm`1h1W\,1V*D

\ 4*h1Y \ZS Z1adb +\WnZ\-\ V �SadadH � �ZS ,1`qbE hb\�Sada , aSW*f 1Yd ]\Y\hnD �ZS 4Z*pbE hb\ 1WSVSy �hSOb1Wn Y\31b Sag1WSbn ob\-\ h1W\,1V*D \ , /\Y Z1,\4Y\3Z\,\ybSD �*V 31 SY ,Z1abS ]*`*WS4\,*ZZ\-\ V �SadadH �

�\aY\b`S Z* V*`bSZVdD ˛/1an ]\V*4*Z\E V*V \ZS ob\ /1OW*pbD Z*h*W1E \ZS ]\/ZSY*pb a,\1-\ /`d-* Z* V`mjd P* V`mjS , b\y Y1abZ\abS +mWS ]W\aVSYSD ˛*b1Y \ZS `*4O+S`*pb h*abn V`mjS S /1W*pb , Z1y \b,1`abS1D � Z*V\Z1g

xy � � � � � 6 7 vw

��˚�� (˙� ��˚(

122

a]daV*pb +\WnZ\-\ Z* Z\aSWV*f ]`qY\ , V\YZ*bdD �*V*q 31d obSf Wp/1y aSWnZ*q ,1`*I

a1E Vb\ ob\ ,S/SbE S4dYWqpbaqD �\WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nB a ]\Ob\WV* Z* a1`1/SZd V\YZ*bm \]daV*pb ]*`*WS4\,*ZZ\-\ h1OW\,1V*I �*aa1`/SW\ WS ob\ �Sada*H � \,a1 Z1bI �Z \h1Zn`*/E hb\ d obSf Wp/1y b*V*q aSWnZ*q ,1`*D �Z-\,\`Sb ]*`*WS4\,*ZZ\YdB w�`\k*pbaq b,\S-`1fSxD

�/Z*V\ Z1V\b\`m1 ,\4Ydk*pbaqE aWmj*aW\,* �Sada*D �ZS Z1-\/dpbB w�*V \Z Y\O31b ]`\k*bn -`1fSHx �\ob\Yd �Sada f\Oh1b ]\V*4*bnE hb\ 1Yd /*Z* b*V*q ,W*abnD�Z -\,\`Sb +\WnZ\YdB wab*ZnE ,\4nYS

a,\S Z\aSWVS S S/S /\Y\yxD

�b\ �Sada ,1WSb]*`*WS4\,*ZZ\Yd

h1W\,1VdH

��˚�� (˙� ��˚(�

�*V b\WnV\ �Sada ]`\S4Z\aSb obS aW\,*E h1W\,1V ab*Z\O,Sbaq a\,1`j1ZZ\ 4/\`\,mYI �Z +\Wnj1 Z1 ]*`*WS4\,*ZD

�1]1`n \Z a*Y Y\31b ,ab*bn S f\/SbnD�p/S S4dYWqpbaq ob\Yd hd/dD SV\-/* , a,\1y 3S4ZS \ZS Z1,S/1WS ZSh1-\ ]\/\+Z\-\I �ZS,\af,*Wqpb �1-\,d 4* b\E hb\\Z ]\aW*W V ZSY 1WSV\-\�hSb1WqE V\b\`my Y\31b SaOg1Wqbn b*VS1 +\W14ZS L�*`OV* 6B5P56MD

�1Yd Ym dhSYaq S4 ob\-\hd/*H � �m d4Z*WSE hb\ d �Sada*

1abn aSW* ]`\k*bn -`1fS S Sag1Wqbn+\WnZmfD \ Ym d4Z*WS 1k �1 V\1Ohb\,*3Z\1D �V*4m,*1baqE Wp/S +\W1pb S4O4* -`1f*D

\ ,1/n ,a1 Ym ,`1Yq \b ,`1Y1ZS +\OW11YD 1d31WS ,a1 Ym -`1jZm1H � ˙*E ,

�S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ ,a1 Wp/S `\/SWSan a -`1f\YD 4Z*1jnE hb\ \4Z*h*1b `\/Sbnaq a -`1f\YH � 'b\ 4Z*hSbEhb\ Ym `\/SWSan Z1a\,1`j1ZZmYSD �\`\y Ym ]\abd]*1YZ1]`*,SWnZ\E f\bq a\,a1Y Z1 f\bSY ob\-\D \ ,\b ,\]`\aBV*VSY \+`*4\Y ,a1 Wp/S ab*WS -`1jZmYSH �

'b\ aWdhSW\an S4O4* b\-\E hb\ ]1`,my h1W\,1VE /*YEZ1 ]\aWdj*Waq �\-*D �Z a\-`1jSWE Z*`djS, �\3Sy 4*V\ZD h1`14 /*Y* -`1f ]1`1/*Waq ,a1Y Z*YD ˛Z*1jnE V*V ob\]`\S4\jW\H �\ab*`*pan \+lqaZSbn b1+1 Z*-Wq/Z\D

�mE ,\4Y\3Z\E ,S/1WE V*V ]1Vdb fW1+ , e\`Y1D \ hb\ +dO/1bE 1aWS ,4qbn e\`Yd a S4lqZ\YE SWS ,YqbSZ\yH � �W1+ b\O31 ]\WdhSbaq a S4lqZ\YE SWS ,YqbSZ\yE ,1/n b*VH �

�1Yd Ym dhSYaqS4 ob\-\ hd/*H

124

��& � ˚�� ˚�)

/*Y* Y\3Z\ a`*,ZSbn a e\`OY\yE * Z*a P a fW1+\YD�\-/* /*Y Z*`djSW 4*OV\Z �\-*E \Z ab*W Z1a\O,1`j1ZZmYD 'b\ +mW\b*VE aW\,Z\ , Z �1Y ]\q,SWOaq S4lqZ SWS Z* Z1-\ +mW Z*OW\31Z \b]1h*b\V Z1a\,1`j1Zab,*D hb\ aWdhSW\anE V\-/* d Z1-\ `\/SOWSan /1bSH � 1a\,1`j1Zab,\ \b`*4SOW\an Z* ,a1f 1-\ ]\b\YV*fD

�\WnjSZab,\ Wp/1y Z1 `\3/*pbaq a,S/SYmYS ]\`\V*YSE Z*]`SY1` +14 `dVS SWS +14 Z\-SD�1Y Z1 Y1Z11 Z1a\,1`j1Zab,\ \h1Zn ]W\f\ Z* ZSfaV*4m,*1baqD �4O4* Z1-\ \ZS +\W1pb S a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y dYSO`*pbD

�/Z*V\ Z1V\b\`m1 +\W1pb h*k1 /`d-SfD �\h1YdH �\O31bE \ZS `\/SWSan +\W11 -`1jZmYSH � 1bE ,a1 `\3O/*pbaq , `*,Z\y ab1]1ZS -`1jZmYSD �m ,a1 `\3/*1YaqZ1a\,1`j1ZZmYSD �\ob\Yd `*Z\ WS ]\4/Z\ ,a1 Wp/S 4*+\OW1,*pbD ˛*+\W1bn Y\-db /*31 b1E Vb\ ab*`*1baq a\+Wp/*bn,a1 4*V\Zm �\-* S Z1 /1W*1b ZSh1-\ ]W\f\-\D

�\-/* ]\h1Yd Z1V\b\`m1 Wp/S +\W1pb h*k1 /`d-SfH � * b\ 1abn YZ\-\ ]`ShSZD �b\Ob\E ,\4Y\3Z\E Z1/\1/*1bD�WS 1ab Z1]\WZ\g1ZZdp ]SkdE Z*]`SY1` aWSjV\Y YZ\-\V\Ze1b S ]S`\3ZmfD ˙`d-S1 \h1Zn ]\4/Z\ W\3*baq a]*bnS S4O4* ob\-\ Z1 ,mam]*pbaqD �WSE Y\31bE \ZS aWSjV\YW1-V\ \/1,*pbaqE V\-/* Z* dWSg1 f\W\/Z\D d Z1V\b\`mf]`\ab\ aW*+my \`-*ZS4YD �f \`-*ZS4Y Z1 Y\31b +\`\bnaqa `*4ZmYS ,S`da*YS S +\W14ZqYSE /*31 1aWS \ZS 4*+\bqbOaq \ a,\ �1Y 4/\`\,n1D

*V Wp/S ab*WS-`1jZmYSH

��˚�� (˙� ��˚(�

125

�\ Z*abd]Sb WS b*V\1 ,`1OYqE V\-/* +\W14Z1y +\Wnj1 Z1+d/1bH �4+*,SYaq WS Ym V\-/*OZS+d/n \b -`1f*H � �a]\YZSB hb\a/1W*W �Sada /Wq ]*`*WS4\,*ZZ\O-\ h1W\,1V*H � �Sada ]`\abSW1Yd -`1fS S Sag1WSW 1-\D 'bSY�Sada ]\V*4*WE hb ‹\ \Z a/1W*1b ,

\/SZ ]`1V`*aZmy /1Zn /Wq ,a1fE Vb\ab`1YSbaq ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\D

˚aWS Ym Z1 f\bSY -`1jSbn S Z1Z*O,S/SY 4W\E �Sada Sag1WSb Z*aD � +d/dk1Y\Z d/*WSb Z*j1 Z1a\,1`j1Zab,\D �Z a/1W*O1b ob\E b*V V*V \Z P �*`n �\3n1-\ �*`Oab,*D �\ -`1f Z1 +d/1b d/*W �1Z a`*4d 31E ,

Y-Z\,1ZS1 \V*D ˙Wq ob\-\ ]\b`1+d1baqZ1V\b\`\1 ,`1YqD \-/* -`1f +dO/1b ]\WZ\abnp dZShb\31ZE Ymd31 Z1 +d/1Y +\W1bnD Z*a+d/1b a\,1`j1ZZ\1 4/\`\,n1D*VSY 31 ]`1V`*aZmY +dO/1b ob\ ,`1YqI

�\Wnj1 \ b\YE V*V-`1f ,WSq1b Z* V*3/\O-\ S4 Z*aE Y\3Z\ ]`\OhSb*bn , �\,1 58B8C�a*WY1 9>B;C �SYOWqZ*Y 7B67C 9B56

S :B67D

�*V\1 d Z*a +d/1b 4/\`\,n1EV\-/* -`1f Sah14Z1b Z*,a1-/*H

� �˚�) V\-/*OZS+d/n hb\OZS+d/n V`*WSH � �b\ bm b\-/*hd,ab,\,*WH � �\bE Vb\ V`*/ �1bEP ,\`E * ,\`\, ZSVb\Z1 Wp+SbD �\ V*V h1W\,1V ab*Z\,Sbaq ,\`\YH �1d31WS

\Z b*VSY `\3/*1baqH �

*V Ym d4Z*WSE Wp/S `\3/*pbaq -`1jZmYSD \ob\Yd ,a1Ym Z1a\,1`j1ZZmD �\ ZSVb\ Z1 `\3/*1baq ,\`\YD �\` Y\31b,m`*abS , f\`\j1yE ]\`q/\hZ\y a1Yn1D ˚-\ `\/Sb1WSE +`*bnq Sa �1ab`m Y\-db +mbn h1abZmYS Wp/nYSD ,\`\,ab,d h1W\,1V*EV*V ]`*,SW\E ]\/b*WVS,*1b 31W*ZS1 SY1bn YZ\-\ /1Z1- SWSSY1bn b\E hb\ Y\3Z\ Vd]Sbn 4* /1Zn-SD

� Vb\ +mW ]1`,mY ,\`\YH � ˙*,*y ]\/dY*1YD �1WSVSy hSOb1Wn 4Z*W 1-\E V\-/* 3SW Z* Z1+1D 'b\b ,\` +mW *Z-1W\YD �\,1/n �\- a\4/*W ,a1f *Z-1W\, a\,1`j1ZZmYSD *V 31 b\-/*\/SZ S4 ZSf Y\- ab*bn ,\`\YH � 'b\b *Z-1W 4*f\b1W SY1bn b\Ehb\ 1Yd Z1 ]`SZ*/W13*W\D �+ ob\Y -\,\`SW\an , <Oy -W*,1ob\y VZS-SD \YZSjnE h1Y \Z f\b1W 4*,W*/1bnH �

\-/* �\- a\b,\`SW ]1`,mf Wp/1yE ob\b *Z-1W 4*f\b1WE hb\O+m \ZS 1Yd ]\VW\ZqWSanD �\ d Z1-\ Z1 +mW\ Z* ob\ ZSV*V\-\]`*,*D �1/n ]\VW\Zqbnaq aW1/d1b b\WnV\ �\-dD �/Z*V\ \Z ]`SOa,\SW ]\VW\Z1ZS1 a1+1D �\3Z\ aV*4*bnE \Z dV`*W 1-\I \+d/S,�/*Y* S ˚,d ]\VW\Zqbnaq 1YdE ob\b *Z-1W ab*W ,\`\YD �Z ab*W�*b*Z\y ˙nq,\W\YD

�b\ Y\31b ]\+d/Sbn ab*bn ,\`\YH � ˝1W*ZS1 SY1bn b\Ehb\ Z*Y Z1 ]`SZ*/W13SbD 'b\ 31W*ZS1 +m,*1b b*VSY aSWnOZmYE hb\ Z1`1/V\ ]\+d3/*1b /*31 f\`\jSf Wp/1y ]\abd]*bn]W\f\D �Z\-/* b1E Vb\ ab*Z\,qbaq ,\`*YSE b*V ZSV\-/* S Z1

xy � � � � � 6 8 vw

��˙� �˚ ��&�� I

127

,\4,`*k*pbaq Z* ]`*,SWnZmy ]dbn S \ab*pbaq Z1h1abZmYSWp/nYSD `SY1` b\Yd \/SZ S4 *]\ab\W\, �Sada*D ˚-\ 4,*WS�d/* �aV*`S\bD

�d/* ]\ZSY*WE hb\ ,\`\,*bn P Z1]`*,SWnZ\E ,1/n \Z 4Z*W˛*V\Z �\-* a a*Y\-\ /1bab,*D �Z 4Z*W \ b\YE hb\ �\- \/Z*3/ma*Y aV*4*W a Z1+1a a,\1Yd Z*`\/dB w�1 V`*/Sx L�af\/ 6>B59MD\-/* �d/* ,m`\aE \Z ]\4Z*V\YSWaq a �1WSVSY hSb1W1Y Sab*W 1-\ dh1ZSV\YD \4/Z11 �Sada /*31 S4+`*W 1-\ \/ZSY S4a,\Sf 56 *]\ab\W\,D

�Sada ,a1-/* ]db1j1ab,\,*W ,Y1ab1 a\ a,\SYS *]\ab\W*YSD�ZS ,Y1ab1 1WSD � ,a1 a,\S /1Zn-S f`*ZSWS , \+k1Y qkSV1D�Sada ]\`dhSW Z\aSbn ob\b qkSV �d/1D ˙1Zn-SE 1ab1ab,1ZZ\EZ1 ]`SZ*/W13*WS �d/1E \ZS +mWS \+kSYSD �\ 4Z*1jnE hb\ \Za\ ,`1Y1Z1Y Z*h*W /1W*bnH �

�Z ab*W +`*bn /1Zn-S S4 qkSV* /Wq a1+q WShZ\D � /1W*W ob\EV\-/* /`d-S1 Z1 ,S/1WSD �\ S ob\-\ 1Yd +mW\ Y*W\D �Z ab*`*WOaq 4*]\WdhSbn a1+1 V*V Y\3Z\ +\Wnj1 /1Z1-D �a1 1-\ YmaWSb1]1`n +mWS \ /1Zn-*fD ˙*,*y ]\aY\b`SYE V h1Yd ]`S,1W\ b*OV\1 Z1]`*,SWnZ\1 31W*ZS1D �WdhSW\an ob\ 4* Z1aV\WnV\ /Z1y/\ V*4ZS �1WSV\-\ hSb1WqD

�*`SqE a1ab`* �*4*`qE V\b\`my +mW /`d-\Y �Sada*E ]`SOZ1aW* \h1Zn /\`\-\1 Y*aW\ S ]\Y*4*W* SY Z\-S �Sada*D ,SO/1, ob\E �d/* ,\4YdbSWaqD ˛Z*1jn ]\h1YdH � �Z aV*4*WE hb\Y*aW\ Z*/\ +mW\ ]`\/*bnE * /1Zn-S `*4/*bn +1/ZmYD �* a*Y\Y31 /1W1 \Z 4*+\bSWaq Z1 \ +1/ZmfD �Z f\b1WE hb\+m /1Zn-S]\W\3SWS , qkSVE S b\-/* \Z Y\- +m ]`S+`*bn Sf V `dV*YL�\*ZZ* 56B5P:MD

�Sada ,1W1W �d/1 Z1 +1a]\V\Sbn �*`SpE ,1/n \Z* a/1W*W*/\+`\1 /1W\D *V 31 Z1 ]\Z`*,SW\an �d/1 b\E hb\ aV*4*W �SOadaI �1 /\W-\ /dY*qE \Z ]\j �1W V ab*`jSY a,qk1ZZSV*YE ,`*O-*Y �Sada*D 'bS Wp/S f\b1WS *`1ab\,*bn �1WSV\-\ hSb1Wq S`1jSWS a/1W*bn ob\ Z\hnpE hb\+m ZSVb\ Z1 d,S/1WD

128

��& �˚�� ˚�)

�d/* aV*4*W a,qk1ZZSV*YB w˛* /1Zn-S q Y\-d aV*4*bn ,*YEV*V af,*bSbn �Sada*D �V\WnV\ ,m /*/Sb1 YZ1E 1aWS q ]\Y\-d,*YHx

w�m /*/SY b1+1 b`S/g*bn a1`1+`qZmf Y\Z1bxEP \b,1bSWSa,qk1ZZSVS L�*be1q 6:B58P5:MD

�d/* ,4qW /1Zn-SD 'b\ +mW\ `*,Z\aSWnZ\ b\YdE hb\ \Z ]`\O/*W �1WSV\-\ hSb1Wq obSY Wp/qYI *V\y d3*aI �*V\1 b`d/Z\a1+1 /*31 ]`1/ab*,SbnE ]`*,/*H � �\b hb\ Y\31b ]`\S4\ybS ab1YE Vb\ ab*Z\,Sbaq ,\`\Y S V`*/ �1b /1Zn-SD �*V\y h1W\,1V WpO+Sb /1Zn-S +\Wnj1E h1Y Wp/1yE S /*31 +\Wnj1E h1Y �\-*D

�/Z*V\ bmE Y\31b +mbnE aV*31jnB w) ,a1-/* +d/dWp+Sbn �1-\,d +\Wnj1 ,a1-\ Z* a,1b1xD 'b\ 4*OY1h*b1WnZ\E hb\ d b1+q b*V\y Z*ab`\yD\-/* �d/* +mW ,m+`*Z *]\ab\W\YE \ZEaV\`11 ,a1-\E b\31 b*V /dY*WD �*V\y31 Z*ab`\yE ,\4Y\3Z\E +mW S d /`dO-Sf Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 a\ ,`1Y1Z1Yab*WS ,\`*YSD ˙*,*y d4Z*1Y \Z1V\b\`mf S4 ZSfD

˚k �1 4*/\W-\ /\ b\-\E V*V `\O/SWaq �1WSVSy hSb1WnE Z* 41YOW1 3SW \/SZ aWd3Sb1Wn �\-*D˛,*WS 1-\ �f*ZD �/Z*3/m \Zd,S/1W ]`1V`*aZdp \/13O/dE aWSb\V 4\W\b* S a1`1O+`qZm1 Y\Z1bmD �\ ob\+mWS Z1 1-\ ,1kSD � �S+OWSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ ,a �1ob\ ]`SZ*/W13*W\ �1O-\,1E ]\aV\WnVd +mW\

�\h1Yd �d/*ab*W ,\`\,*bnH

��˙� �˚ ��& ��I

\bZqb\ d ,`*-\, �\3n1-\ Z*O`\/*D �\ �f*Zd b*V ]\Z`*O,SWSan obS ,1kSE hb\ \Z SfdV`*W L�Sada �*,SZ :B5<C;B55E 6>P66MD

� ,\b 1k �1 \/SZ ]`SY1`D� /*,ZS1 ,`1Y1Z* �1-\,*]\ab*,SW ˙*,S/* g*` �1Y Z*/Z*`\/\Y �4`*SWnD�\ \/Z*3/m ˙*,S/4*aY\b`1Waq Z* \/ZdV`*aS,dp 31ZkSZdD˚ �1 4,*WS �S`a*,SqD'b* 31ZkSZ* \h1Zn]\Z`*,SW*an ˙*,S/dES \Z ab*W /dY*bn \b\YE V*V ,4qbn 1 �1 ,a,\y /\YD �\ d Z1 �1+mW Yd3E `SqD *VZd3Z\ +mW\ ]\abd]Sbn˙*,S/dH �

˚Yd aW1/\,*W\ ]1`1Oab*bn /dY*bn \ �S`a*O,SS S +\Wnj1 Z1 Wp+\O,*bnaq 1pD �\ \Z ob\-\ Z1 a/1W*WD �Z]`S, �1W 1 �1 V a1+1 /\Y\yD � 4*b1Y ]\/ab`\OSW d+Syab,\ `SSD �\ ]\h1Yd ˙*,S/ b*V]W\f\ ]\abd]SWH � \b\Yd hb\ \Z Z1 ]1O`1ab*W /dY*bn \ ]W\f\YD �Z ]`\/\W3*W

�*VS1 Z1]`*,SWnZm1YmaWS \,W*/1WS �f*Z\YS ˙*,S/\YH

�\h1Yd �,1aa*W\Y* b\31Y\3Z\ Z*4,*bn ,\`\YH

/dY*bn \ 31ZkSZ1E V\b\`*q ]`SZ*/W13*W* /`d-\Yd L6 �*àb,55B6P6;MD

�/Z*V\ ]\b\Y ˙*,S/ `*aV*qWaqE 1Yd ab*W\ \h1Zn abm/Z\D \ob\Yd �1-\,* a\f`*ZSW 1Yd 3S4ZnD �\ aV\WnV\ 31 ]`\O+W1Y ]\q,SW\an d ˙*,S/*I ˚-\ amZ �,1aa*W\Y 4*f\b1W ab*bn g*O` �1Y ,Y1ab\ Z1-\D \-/* Vb\OZS+d/n ]`Sf\/SW V ˙*,S/dE�,1aa*W\Y ,ab`1h*W b*VSf Wp/1y a `*a]`\ab �1`bmYS \+lqbSqOYS S g1W\,*W SfD � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w� ,V`*/m,*Waq �,1aa*OW\Y , a1`/g1 �4`*SWnbqZxD �Z f\b1WE hb\+m obS Wp/S ]\Y\-WS1Yd ab*bn g*` �1Y ,Y1ab\ ˙*,S/* L6 �*àb, 59B5P56MD

�m,*W\ WSE hb\ b1+1 f\b1W\an h1-\Ob\ b*V 31 aSWnZ\E V*V�f*ZdE ˙*,S/d S �,1aa*W\YdH � �\ 1aWS ob* ,1kn hd3*qE+`*bn 1 �1 +14 `*4`1j1ZSq P ob\ ,\`\,ab,\D \YZSjnE h1-\f\b1W a*Ymy ]1`,my ,\È �*b*Z*H � �Z f\b1WE hb\+m Wp/S]\VW\ZqWSan 1YdE * Z1 �\-dD \ob\Yd �*b*Z* V`*WE V\-/* ]\O+d3/*W �/*Y* S ˚,d aWdj*bnaq 1-\E * Z1 �\-*D

�*a]\`q3*bnaq V*V\yOWS+\ ,1knp S `1j*bnE Vb\ Y\31b1 �1 ,4qbnE SY11b ]`*,\ b\WnV\ b\bE V\Yd ob* ,1kn ]`SZ*/W1O3SbD `1/]\W\3SYE bm ]\j �1W ]\S-`*bn , -\abS V /`d-SY /1ObqYD �mW\ +m ]`*,SWnZ\ ,4qbn hb\Ob\ d ZSf /\Y* S ]`SZ1abS Va1+1H � �1bE ob\ Y\3Z\ a/1W*bn b\WnV\ a `*4`1j1ZSq Sf `\O/Sb1W1yD ˚aWS bm +1` �1jn hb\Ob\ +14 a]`\a*E ob\ Z*4m,*1baq ,\O`\,ab,\YD

�\ ]\h1Yd Y\31b ,\4ZSVZdbn SaVdj1ZS1 hb\OZS+d/n dVO`*abnH � �1+1 Y\31b ]\Z`*,Sbnaq V*V*qOb\ hd3*q ,1knE S bm4*f\h1jn ,4qbn 1 �1 a1+1D �\ /*31 1aWS ,\V`d- ZSV\-\ Z1bE Vb\,S/Sb ,a �1E hb\ bm /1W*1jnH � �1-\,* �\-D �m ,a1-/* /\W3Zm]\YZSbnE hb\ �\- Z1Z*,S/Sb ,\`\,ab,\D ˙*E Wp+\,n V �\-d S+WS3ZSY d+1`13 �1b b1+q \b b\-\E hb\+m ab*bn ,\`\YD

� �S+WSS ]`qY\ -\,\`SbaqE hb\ ,\`\,*bnP Z1]`*,SWnZ\D �\O3*Wdyab*E ]`\hSb*y *`V* 5>B5;P5=C �SYWqZ*Y 57B= S 'e1OaqZ*Y 8B6<D

��˙� �˚ ��& ��I

131

��˙�E +mW\ +m 4*Y1h*b1WnZ\E 1aWS +m ,a1 Wp/S ]\Oabd]*WS ]`*,SWnZ\H � �\E V a\3*W1ZSpE ,a1 Ym h*Oab\ \jS+*1YaqD �m,*1b /*31E hb\ Ym f\bSY a/1W*bn

hb\Ob\ f\`\j11E * ,mf\/Sb ,a �1 Z*\+\`\bD ˛Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd b*V]\Wdh*1baqH � \b\Yd hb\ Ym `\/SWSan -`1jZmYSD �/Z*V\1abn Wp/SE V\b\`m1 ,1/db a1+q \h1Zn ]W\f\D �ZS /1W*pb YZ\O-\ 4W*E Z1Z*,S/qb /`d-Sf S Z*Y1`1ZZ\ ]`ShSZqpb ,`1/D *Vbm /dY*1jnE Y\-db WS b*VS1 Wp/S S4Y1ZSbnaq S ab*bn/\+`mYSH �

\aY\b`S Z* ob\-\ Y\W\/\-\ h1W\,1V* Z* V*`bSZV1D �Z ab1O`13 �1b ,1`fZS1 \/13/m b1fE Vb\ +`\a*1b V*YZS , �b1e*Z*D ˚,O`1yaV\1 SYq ob\-\ h1W\,1V* P �*,WE * 1-\ `SYaV\1 SYq P *,1WD �Z \/\+`q1b d+Syab,\ �b1e*Z*E dh1ZSV* �1WSV\-\ hSOb1WqD ˙*,*y d4Z*1YE ]\h1Yd �*,W b*V ]W\f\ ]\abd]*1bD

�*,W ]`SZ*/W13Sb V Sd/1yaV\y `1WS-S\4Z\y -`d]]1E Z*4mO,*1Y\y e*`Sa1qYSD �*`Sa1S ]`S4Z*pb �\3n1 �W\,\E Z\ +\WnOj1 /\,1`qpb dh1ZSqY a,\Sf `dV\,\/Sb1W1yD �\b ]\h1Yd �*,Wa\,1`j*1b ]W\fS1 /1W*D

\-/* , �1`da*WSY1 �b1e*Z* +1`db ]\/ ab`*3dE �*,W b\31Z*f\/Sbaq b*YD �b1e*Z* ]`S,\/qb , ad/D �*Y a`1/S ad/1y 1abnS e*`Sa1SD �b1e*Z* W\3Z\ \+,SZqpbE Z* Z1-\ Z*-\,*`S,*pbD�/Z*V\ �b1e*Z a\f`*Zq1b a]\V\yab,S1D �Z aY1W\ \b,1h*1ba,\SY \+,SZSb1WqY S /* �1b ad/nqY ]`1V`*aZ\1 a,S/1b1Wnab,\\+ �1-\,1 �\-1 S �Sada1D

xy � � � � � 69 vw

�� ˛ ˚��&)�˚E �� ˚�

�˚��&�H

132

�\ aWmj* aW\,* �b1e*Z*E ad/nS ,\4Ydk*pbaqD �ZS d31YZ\-\1 4Z*pb \+ �Sada1D ˚k �1 a\,a1Y Z1/*,Z\ \ZS ]\/ab`\SWSV*4Zn �1WSV\-\ hSb1WqD �\ �1-\,* ,\aV`1aSW �Sada* S ,4qW1-\ \+`*bZ\ Z* Z1+\D �1]1`nE ,Y1ab\ b\-\ hb\+m S4Y1ZSbnaqEad/nS ]`1]qbab,dpb dh1ZSV*Y �Sada*D

�ZS f,*b*pb �b1e*Z* S ,mb*WVS,*pb 1-\ 4* ]`1/1Wm -\O`\/*D �,*WS, 1-\ a Z\-E \ZS 4*+`*am,*pb 1-\ V*YZqYSD �* V*`ObSZV1 bm Y\31jn d,S/1bnE hb\ �*,W ab\Sb `q/\Y S Z*+Wp/*1b4* obSYD �Z d,1`1ZE hb\ �b1e*Z 4*aWd3S,*1b aY1`bSD

˛Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd \Z b*V /dY*1bH � �ap a,\p 3S4Zn �*,W+mW e*`Sa11Y S a,qb\ ,1`SW , b\E h1Yd dhSWS 1-\ e*`Sa1SD �Z]\/`*3*W obSY Wp/qY S ,\ ,a �1Y +`*W a ZSf ]`SY1` L˙1qZSq;B98P:>MD

�b\ 31 /1W*1b �*,W ]\aW1 aY1`bS �b1e*Z*H � �Z ab`1YSbOaq `*a]`*,Sbnaq S a /`d-SYS dh1ZSV*YS �Sada*I �Z ,`m,*O1baq , Sf /\Y* S ,mb*aVS,*1b Z* dWSgd Yd3hSZ S 31ZkSZD�a1f Sf \Z \b/* �1b , bp`nYdD �Z\-SY dh1ZSV*Y ]`Sf\/Sbaq

�\h1Yd *,W ahSb*WE hb\ b1e*Z 4*aWd3S,*1b aY1`bSH

�� ˛�˚��&�) �˚E �� ˚� �˚ ��&��H

+13*bn S4 �1`da*WSY*E Z\ \ZS Z1 ]1`1ab*pb ]`\]\,1/\,*bn\+ �Sada1 L˙1qZSq <B5P8MD

�4O4* ob\-\ �*,W 1k �1 +\Wnj1 Z1Z*,S/Sb dh1ZSV\, �Sada*D�Z Z*]`*,Wq1baq V ]1`,\a,qk1ZZSVd *S*e1 S ]\Wdh*1b`*4`1j1ZS1 ,4qbn ]\/ ab`*3d f`SabS*Z , -\`\/1 ˙*Y*aVD �*,Wf\h1b ]`S,1abS Sf , �1`da*WSY S 31ab\V\ Z*V*4*bnD �\ ]\/\`\-1 , ˙*Y*aV aWdh*1baq Z1hb\ Z1,1`\qbZ\1D

�Z14*]Z\ ,a]mfS,*1b a,1b a Z1+*E S �*,W aWmjSb -\W\aE -\O,\`qkSy 1YdB w�*,WE �*,WE ]\h1Yd bm Y1Zq ]`1aW1/d1jnHx'b\ a Z1+1a -\,\`Sb a*Y �SadaI �,1b b*V\y q`VSyE hb\ �*,WaW1]Z1bD � Wp/SE V\b\`m1 a\]`\,\3/*pb �*,W* , ˙*Y*aVE ,1O/db 1-\ bd/* 4* `dVSD

�]dabq b`S /Zq �Sada q,Wq1baq , ,S/1ZSS \/Z\Yd S4 a,\Sfdh1ZSV\, , ˙*Y*aV1D 'b\-\ dh1ZSV* 4\,db �Z*ZSqD �Sada ,1OWSb �Z*ZSS ]\ybS V �*,Wd S ,1`Zdbn 1Yd 4`1ZS1E * b*V31 ]\O-\,\`Sbn a ZSYD �W\,* �Z*ZSS /\abS-*pb a1`/g* �*,W*E S \Z]`SZSY*1b SabSZd \+ �Sada1D Z1Yd ,\4,`*k*1baq 4`1ZS1D�1Zq1baq ,aq 1-\ 3S4ZnE S \Z ab*Z\,Sbaq ,1`ZmY aWd3Sb1W1Y�\-* L˙1qZSq =B5P66MD

\h1Yd `*Znj1 �*,W b*V ]W\f\ ]\abd]*WH � �Z +mW Z1O]`*,SWnZ\ \+dh1ZD �Z aW1/\,*W 4* b1YSE Vb\ Z1 +mW ,1`ZmY�\-dD 'bS Wp/S +\Wnj1 ]`S/1`3S,*WSan a,\1-\ YZ1ZSqE h1Y/\,1`qWS �W\,d �\-*D �\ ]\h1Yd 31 �*,W S4Y1ZSW a,\p3S4Zn S ab*W /1W*bn /\+`\ Z1aY\b`q Z* b\E hb\ /`d-S1 e*O`Sa1S ]`\/\W3*WS +\`\bnaq a �\-\YH � �*,W S4Y1ZSWOaqE ]\b\Yd hb\ d Z1-\ Z1 +mW\ Z1Z*,SabS V SabSZ1D \-/*1Yd \+lqaZSWSE V*V ]`*,SWnZ\ ]\abd]*bnE \Z Z*h*W /1W*bn/\+`\D

˛Z*1jnE V1Y �*,W ab*W ,]\aW1/ab,SSH � ˙*E \Z ab*W *]\ab\OW\Y *,W\YE *]\ab\W\Y �Sada*D � V*V Ym d31 -\,\`SWSESY1ZZ\ *,1W Z*]Sa*W +\Wnj1 ,a1-\ VZS- �S+WSSD

134

��& �˚�� ˚�)

˙`d-S1 Wp/SE ]\/\+Z\ *,WdE b\31 Y\-db S4Y1ZSbnaqD�/Z*V\ ob\ Z1W1-V\E ]\b\Yd hb\ 1abn Z1Vb\E Vb\ S4\,a1f aSW ab`1YSbaq aVW\ZSbn Wp/1y V ]W\f\YdD ˛Z*O

1jnE Vb\ ob\H � �1WSVSy hSb1Wn d]\YqZdW \Z �1YE V\-/* q,SWaq �*,Wd ]\ /\`\-1 , ˙*Y*aVD�Sada aV*4*W �*,WdB w) ]\amW*p b1+q \bOV`mbn Wp/qY -W*4*E \+`*bSbn Sf \b bnYm Va,1bd S \b ,W*abS �*b*Zm V �\-dx L˙1qZSq6:B5;E 5<MD

˙*E SY1ZZ\ �*b*Z* ˙nq,\W ab`1YSbaq aVW\OZSbn Z*a V ]W\f\YdD �d,ab,d1jn WS bm ]\`\yEV*V bq31W\ ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\H � �*Y ,a1Y+m,*1b Z1W1-V\D � ob\ ]`\SaVS �*b*ZmD �\ 1abn1k �1 \/Z\ ]`1]qbab,S1D ˛Z*1jn V*V\1H � �`1fE aV\b\`mY Ym `\3/*1YaqD

�*ab\ Z*Y ]`\k1 +m,*1b ]\abd]Sbn Z1]`*O,SWnZ\E S ,SZ\y b\Yd -`1fD �b\ 31 /1W*bnH �˙*E Ym /\W3Zm +\`\bnaq 4* b\E hb\+m ]\Oabd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\D �\-/* �SadaE V\b\`myZ*a \h1Zn Wp+SbE +d/1b Z*Y ]\Y\-*bnD

˝S,q Z* 41YW1E �Sada ]`\q,WqW Wp+\,n Vb1YE Vb\ `*Znj1 ]\abd]*W ]W\f\E Z\ ]\b\Y

Sa]`*,SWaqD �Z 4Z*WE V*V bq31W\ +mW\ b*OVSY Wp/qY S4Y1ZSbnaqD �*]`SOY1`E , b1 ,`1Y1Z* Z1V\b\`m131ZkSZm SY1WS ]\W\,m1 \bOZ\j1ZSq a\ YZ\-SYS Yd3OhSZ*YSD \Z1hZ\ 31E ob\ +mOW\ Z1]`*,SWnZ\D � �S+WSS b*VS1

31ZkSZm Z*4m,*pbaq +Wd/Z ‹Sg*YSD

�b\ -\,\`Sb a *,W\Y S hb\\Z 1Yd ]\`dh*1bH

�� ˛�˚��&�) �˚E �� ˚� �˚ ��&��H

�/Z* b*V*q 31ZkSZ* daWmj*W* \+ �Sada1D *VOb\ `*4\Z* ]`SjW* , /\Y e*`Sa1qE ]\aV\WnVd 4Z*W*E hb\ �1WSVSyhSb1Wn , ob\ ,`1Yq +mW d Z1-\ , -\abqfD W*h*E \Z* ,mWSW*Y*aW\ Z* Z\-S �Sada* S ab*W* ,mbS`*bn a,\SYS ,\W\a*YSaW �14m a 1-\ Z\-D �Z* aSWnZ\ a\3*W1W* \ a,\Sf a\-`1j1ZSqfE]\ob\Yd �Sada ]`\abSW 1 �1D �\ e*`Sa1p ob\ Z1 ]\Z`*,SW\anD�Z Z1 ahSb*WE hb\ ob* 31ZkSZ* 4*aWd3S,*1b ]`\k1ZSq L�dVS;B7:P9>MD

˛Z*1jnE hb\ �Sada \/Z*3/m aV*4*W Z1V\b\`mY e*`Sa1OqYH � �\b 1-\ aW\,*B w�Wd/Z ‹Sgm ,]1` �1/ ,*a S/db , g*`ab,\ �\O-*x L�*be1q 65B75MD �Z aV*4*W ob\ ]\b\YdE hb\ obS +Wd/Z ‹Sgm

]\,1`SWS , Z1-\ S S4Y1ZSWS a,\y ]W\Of\y \+`*4 3S4ZSD �*`Sa1S 31E Z*O]`\bS,E Z1 f\b1WS Y1ZqbnaqD �ZS]`\/\W3*WS /1W*bn 4W\ dh1ZSV*Y�Sada*D

�b*VE 1aWS V*VS1Ob\ Z*jS ]\Oabd]VS \ad3/*pbaq , �S+WSSE Z*YZd3Z\ S4Y1ZSbnaq S +\Wnj1 Sf Z1a\,1`j*bnD 4Z*, \ b\YE hb\ \3SO/*1b \b Z*a �1-\,*E /*,*y ab*O

`*bnaq ,a1-/* ]\abd]*bn ]\1-\ ,\W1D �1-\,* +d/1b ob\OYd \h1Zn `*/ S , +d/dk1Y/*`d1b Z*Y ,1hZdp 3S4ZnD

�4+1-*bn ]W\fSf ]\abd]V\,Z*Y ]\Y\-db aW1/dpkS1 abSOfSD ˙*,*y ,Y1ab1 Sf ]`\hSb*O1YB �a*W\Y 55<B=P55C �`SbhS7B9P; S 56B59D

�\h1Yd �Sada ]`\abSW31ZkSZdE V\b\`*q

,1W* Z1]`*,SWnZmy\+`*4 3S4ZSH136

��& �˚�� ˚�)

�� `*/\,*W �*,WE V\-/* ]\abd]*W Z1]`*,SWnZ\H ��*b*Zd ˙nq,\W*D � b*V31 Sd/1yaVSf `1WS-S\4Zmf `dOV\,\/Sb1W1yD �\ V\-/* �*,W ab*W dh1ZSV\Y �1WSV\-\

hSb1Wq S ab*W Z*4m,*bnaq *,W\YE b1 31 a*Ym1 `1WS-S\4OZm1 `dV\,\/Sb1WS 1-\ ,\4Z1OZ*,S/1WSD �1]1`n bm ,S/SjnE]\h1Yd dh1ZSV*Y �Sada* b*Vb`d/Z\ /1W*bn b\E hb\ ]`*O,SWnZ\H �

�/Z*3/m ]1`,\a,qk1ZZSVEV\b\`\-\ 4,*WS �Z*ZSqE ]`SOV*4*W +Sbn *,W* ]\ WSgdD�Z*ZSq /*31 ]\]mb*Waq ]\a*O/Sbn *,W* , bp`nYdD *,1WYZ\-\ ab`*/*WE ab*, dh1ZSV\Y�Sada*D ˛Wm1 Wp/S Z1aV\WnOV\ `*4 S4+S,*WS *,W* S /*O31 +`\a*WS , Z1-\ V*YZqYSE]mb*qan 1-\ d+Sbn L˙1qZSq67B5E 6C 6 \`SZeqZ*Y 55B68E69MD

�*a b\31 +d/db ]\/b*WVSO,*bn V b\YdE hb\+m a\,1`jSbnV*V\yOZS+d/n Z1d-\/Zmy �\-d]\abd]\VD \ob\Yd ,\4ZSV*1b

xy � � � � � 6 : vw

��˚ � ��̇ � ˙˚��& �E�� &�

�*VS1 ab`*/*ZSq]`1b1`]1W �*,1W 4* b\E

hb\ ]\abd]*W ]`*,SWnZ\H

,\]`\aB Z*aV\WnV\ bm Wp+Sjn b\E hb\ ]`*,SWnZ\H �p+Sjn WSbm /\+`\ b*V aSWnZ\E hb\ +d/1jn ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\ /*31E1aWS /`d-S1 ,\4Z1Z*,S/qb b1+q 4* ob\H 'b\ b`1+d1b Yd31ab,*E]`*,/*H �

�mE ,\4Y\3Z\E a]`\aSjnB w \h1Yd Wp/S Z1Z*,S/qb Z*a 4*f\`\jS1 /1W*H �1/n \ZSE Z*\+\`\bE /\W3Zm `*/\,*bnaqxD'b\ V*31baq `*4dYZmYD � \aZ\,Z\Y Wp/S Wp+SWS �SadOa* 4* 1-\ f\`\jS1 /1W*D �/Z*3/m ,a1 3Sb1WS -\`\/* a\O+`*WSan d /,1`1y /\Y*E -/1 \Z \ab*Z\,SWaqD �ZS ]`SjWS]\b\YdE hb\ �Sada Sag1WqW ,a1f +\WnZmf Wp/1y L�*`V*5B77MD

�\h1Yd obS Wp/S]mb*pbaq d+Sbn�Sada*H

138

�\ +m,*W\E hb\ Wp/qY Z1 Z`*,SW\an b\E h1Yd dhSW �SadaD� f\bq \Z ,a1-/* dhSW ]`*,SWnZ\YdE Z1V\b\`mf ob\ `*4/`*3*OW\D �ZS Z1Z*,S/1WS 1-\ 4* b\E hb\ \Z dhSW SabSZ1D �\b hb\]`\S4\jW\ \/Z*3/m , �*4*`1b1 P , -\`\/1E -/1 ,m`\a �SadaD*VOb\ `*4 �Sada ]`Sj �1W , aSZ*-\-dE Vd/* Sd/1S \+mhZ\ a\O+S`*WSan /Wq ]\VW\Z1ZSq �1-\,1D

�Sada ]`\S4Z �1a ]`1V`*aZdp `1hnE \aZ\,*ZZdp Z* Sa*ZSSD�Z*h*W1 ob* `1hn ,a1Y \h1Zn ]\Z`*,SW*anD �p/S d/S,WqWSan]`SqbZmY aW\,*YE Saf\/S,jSY S4 1-\ dabD �`d/Z\ +mW\ ]\,1O`SbnE hb\ ob\b Y\W\/\y h1W\,1V ,m`\a , Sf -\`\/1D

�\ 4*b1Y �Sada aY1ZSW b1YdD �Z ab*W `*aaV*4m,*bn \ b1f,`1Y1Z*fE V\-/* �\- ]`\q,WqW \a\+dp +W*-\aVW\ZZ\abn V Z1OSd/1qYD aWmj*, ob\E ,a1E Vb\ +mW , aSZ*-\-1E ,\4YdbSWSanD˛Z*1jn ]\h1YdH � �ZS ahSb*WSE hb\ �\- /\W31Z \V*4m,*bn\a\+dp +W*-\aVW\ZZ\abn b\WnV\ SY P Sd/1qYD �Y V*4*W\anEhb\ \ZS Wdhj1 /`d-SfD \ob\Yd \ZS ,\4Z1Z*,S/1WS �Sada* 4*1-\ aW\,*D � 4Z*1jnE hb\ \ZS ]\]mb*WSan a ZSY a/1W*bnH �

� �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ \ZS af,*bSWS �Sada* S ,m,1WS 1-\4* -\`\/D 'bS Wp/S ]`S,1WS �Sada* V ,mabd]d -\`m S ]\]mb*OWSan ab\WVZdbn 1-\ ,ZS4D �ZS f\b1WS d+Sbn �Sada*I �\ 1Ydd/*W\an a]*abSan L�dVS 8B5:P7>MD

˚aWS +m b*V\1 aWdhSW\an a b\+\yE ,1`ZdWaq +m bm V obSYWp/qYE hb\+m ]\-\,\`Sbn a ZSYS \ �\-1H � ˙Wq ob\-\ Zd3Z\Z1Y*W\1 Yd31ab,\E ]`*,/*H � `S+WS4Sb1WnZ\ -\/ a]dabq �SOada ,a �1 31 ,1`ZdWaq , �*4*`1bD � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ \Zwab*W Sf dhSbn , Sf aSZ*-\-1xD �Sada Z1 Sa]d-*Waq Wp/1yE V\Ob\`m1 Z1 Wp+SWS �\-*D �Z ]`\/\W3*W -\,\`Sbn SY SabSZdL�*be1q 57B98MD

*VOb\ `*4E , ad++\bdE ]`S/q , aSZ*-\-dE �Sada d,S/1W h1OW\,1V* a adf\y `dV\yD �Sada* +mW* aSW* \b �\-*E S \Z Y\-Sag1WSbn 1-\D �\ Z1V\b\`m1 f\b1WS 1Yd ]\Y1j*bnD �b\ 31 �1OWSVSy hSb1Wn a/1W*WH � �Z*h*W1 \Z a]`\aSWB w˚aWS +m d ,*a

��˚� ��˙�� ˙˚��& ��E �� &��

139

+mW* \,g* S \Z* , ad++\bd d]*W* +m , +\Wnjdp qYdE ,mb*kSWS+m ,m 1 �1Hx

\Z1hZ\E ,mb*kSWS +mI ˙*31 Z1aY\b`q Z* b\E hb\ , ad+O+\bd SY ]\W*-*W\an \b/mf*bnD ˛Z*q ob\E �Sada aV*4*WB w�\ ,1/nh1W\,1V Z*YZ\-\ g1ZZ11 \,gmI \ob\Yd ]\Y\hn h1W\,1Vd ,ad++\bd P ob\ 1k �1 +\Wnj11 /\+`\xD ˙*E a\,1`j1ZZ\ qaZ\E hb\�Sadad Zd3Z\ +mW\ Sag1WSbn ob\-\ Z1ah*abZ\-\I

w `\bqZS `dVdxEP aV*4*W �SadaD � b\b ]`\bqZdWD � bd 31a1VdZ/d 1-\ `dV* ab*W* 4/\`\,\yD *V 31 ah*abWS, +mW ob\b h1OW\,1VI �\ V*V `1*-S`\,*WS /`d-S1H �+`*/\,*WSan WS \ZS ob\OYd hd/dH � �1bD �ZS 1k �1 +\Wnj1 ,\4Z1Z*,S/1WS �Sada*D 'bSWp/S djWS S ab*WS 4*YmjWqbnE V*V +m d+Sbn �1WSV\-\ hSb1OWqI L�*be1q 56B=P58MD

�1-\/Zq Y\3Z\ Z*+Wp/*bn Z1hb\ ]\/\+Z\1D �b\ +m Ym ZS/1W*WSE ,a1Y ZSV\-/* Z1 d-\/SjnD \ob\Yd Z*Y Z*/\ `1jSbnEV\Yd Ym f\bSY d-\3/*bnD ˚aWS �1-\,1 �\-d S 1-\ �mZdE �SadOad �`SabdE b\-/* Z*Y ,a1-/* Zd3Z\ /1W*bn b\E h1Yd \ZS dh*bD�\ Vb\ b\-/* +d/1b Z*a Z1Z*,S/1bnH b\ Y1j*1b Z*Y /1W*bnb\E hb\ ]`*,SWnZ\H �

�*b*Z* ˙nq,\WD � Vb\ 1k �1H � �1E V\-\ \Z \+Y*Zm,*1b S ,,\O/Sb , 4*+Wd3/1ZS1E 4*ab*,Wqq ,1`Sbn W3SD �Sada V*VOb\ aV*4*W`1WS-S\4ZmY `dV\,\/Sb1WqY b\-\ ,`1Y1ZSB w�m \b \bg* ,*Oj1-\E ˙nq,\W*E S f\bSb1 Sa]\WZqbn 31W*ZSq \bg* ,*j1-\xL�\*ZZ* <B88MD

˚abn Wp/SE V\b\`m1 Z`*,qbaq ˙nq,\WdD � b*VSf Wp/1y \h1ZnYZ\-\D �Sada Z*4,*W Sf wYS`\YxD *V bm /dY*1jnE hb\ �Sada]\/`*4dY1,*W ]\/ aW\,\Y wYS`xH � ˙*,*y \bV`\1Y ˚,*Z-1OWS1 \b �\*ZZ*E 59Op -W*,dE 5=Oy abSfD �Sada aV*4*WB w˚aWS +m,m +mWS \b ob\-\ YS`*E YS` /\`\3SW +m a,\SYD � ]\aV\WnVd,m Z1 \b YS`*E Z\ q S4+`*W ,*a S4 YS`*E ]\b\Yd YS` S Z1Z*,SO/Sb ,*axD

140

��& �˚�� ˚�)

˙*E YS`E Z1Z*,S/qkSy dh1ZSV\, �Sada*EP ob\ Wp/SE V\Ob\`m1 Z1 aW1/dpb 4* �1WSVSY hSb1W1YD �\ ]\h1Yd YS` Z1Z*O,S/Sb dh1ZSV\, �Sada*H � \/dY*yE Vb\ ]`*,Sb obSYYS`\YH � � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w�1an YS` W13Sb ,\ ,W*abS˛W\-\xD � ob\b ˛W\y P �*b*Z* ˙nq,\W L5 �\*ZZ* 9B5=MD

\ZSY*1jn b1]1`nE ]\h1Yd b*V b`d/Z\ /1W*bn b\E hb\ ]`*O,SWnZ\H � 'b\Yd Y1j*pb �*b*Z* S 1-\ YS`D �\ 1abn 1k �1 \/OZ\ ]`1]qbab,S1D \YZSjn V*V\1H � �4 67Oy -W*,m ob\yVZS-S Ym d4Z*WSE hb\ ,a1 Wp/S `\3/*pbaq -`1jZmYSD *V 31+d/1b 4*Y1h*b1WnZ\E V\-/* -`1fE ˙nq,\W S 1-\ YS` +d/db dZSOhb\31ZmE ]`*,/*H �

� �S+WSS /* �1baq b*V\1 \+1k*ZS1Bw�S` ]`\f\/SbxD 'b\ 4Z*hSbE hb\ Z*41YW1 +\Wnj1 Z1 +d/1b b1fE Vb\ Z1aW1/d1b 4* �1WSVSY hSb1W1YD �YZ1 +d/1b ]\4,\W1Z\ 3Sbn ,1hZ\D� 4Z*1jnE Vb\ aY\31b 3Sbn ,1hOZ\H � � �S+WSS /*Wnj1 -\,\`SbaqBw�a]\WZqpkSy ,\Wp �\-* ]`1+mO,*1b ,1hZ\x L5 �\*ZZ* 6B5;MD ˙*Eb\WnV\ b1E Vb\ ]\abd]*1b ]`*,SWnZ\S Sa]\WZq1b w,\Wp �\-*xE +d/db 3Sbn,1hZ\ , Z\,\Y YS`1 �1-\,mD \ob\OYdE V*V +m Z*Y ZS +mW\ b`d/Z\E Ym,a �1 `*,Z\ +d/1Y ]\abd]*bn ]`*O,SWnZ\E ]`*,/*H �

˙*,*y ,Y1ab1 ]`\hSb*1Y abSOfSE , V\b\`mf ]\V*4m,*1baqE ]\Oh1Yd Z1W1-V\ /1W*bn b\E hb\ ]`*O,SWnZ\B *be1q ;B57E 58C �dVS57B67E 68 S ˙1qZSq 58B65E 66D

�\-/* ob\b YS` ]`\y/ �1bEhb\ +d/1b a b1YSE Vb\]\abd]*1b ]`*,SWnZ\H

��˚� ��˙�� ˙˚��& ��E �� &��

� �� b,\y �\-H \h1Yd ob\b ,\]`\a b*V ,*31ZH � \Ob\Yd hb\ Wp/S ]\VW\Zqpbaq YZ\-SY +\-*Y L5 \O`SZeqZ*Y <B9MD �/Z*3/m *]\ab\W *,1WE ]\WdhS,

aSWd \b �1-\,mE Sag1WSW h1W\,1V*E V\b\`my ZSV\-/* Z1 f\O/SWD ,S/1, ob\ hd/\E Z*`\/ ,\aVWSVZdWB w�\-S ]`SZqWS\+WSV h1W\,1h1aVSy S a\jWS V Z*YIx 'bS Wp/S 4*f\b1WS ]\OVW\Zqbnaq *,Wd S 1-\ /`d-d �*`Z*,1D �ZS Z*4,*WS *,W*�1`Y1a\YE * �*`Z*,d ˛1,a\YE ]\ SY1ZS a,\Sf W\3Zmf +\-\,D

�\ *,1W S �*`Z*,* Z1 ]\4,\WSWS Z*`\/d ]\VW\ZqbnaqSYD �ZS VSZdWSan , b\W]d S 4*V`Sh*WSB w�+`*bSb1an \b b\-\Ehb\ ad1bZ\E V 3S,\Yd �\-dx L˙1qZSq 58B<P59MD �\ Vb\ b*OV\y w3S,\y �\-xH b\ a\4/*W ,a �1H � \Z1hZ\ 31E �1-\,*Ew�a1,mjZSy Z*/ ,a1y 41YW �1yxD �Sada Z*4,*W �1-\,d w1/SZOab,1ZZmY SabSZZmY �\-\YxD b\ ]\ob\Yd 1/SZab,1ZZmy 4*OaWd3S,*1b ]\VW\Z1ZSqH � �\WnV\ �1-\,*I L a*W\Y <6B5=C�\*ZZ* 5;B7C �bV`\,1ZS1 8B55MD

�\ +\WnjSZab,\ Wp/1y Z1 aWd3*b w1/SZab,1ZZ\Yd SaObSZZ\Yd �\-dxD �1V\b\`m1 ]\VW\Zqpbaq b\YdE hb\ a/1W*Z\S4 /1`1,*E V*YZq SWS Y1b*WW* L�af\/ 76B7P;C �1,Sb 6:B5C�a*Sq 88B58P5;MD �Z\-/* /*31 4Z*Y1ZSb\ab1y Z*4m,*pb+\-*YSE 4, �14/*YS SWS VdYS`*YSD �\ ]`*,SWnZ\ WS +\-\b,\O`Sbn obSf Wp/1yH �

\aW1 b\-\ V*V �*,W ab*W *]\ab\W\Y *,W\YE \Z Z*]Sa*WEhb\ w+\- ob\y aSab1Ym ,1k1y \aW1]SW dYm Z1,1`dpkSfxL6 \`SZeqZ*Y 8B8MD b\ 31 ob\b +\-H � �1 Vb\ SZ\yE V*V�*b*Z* ˙nq,\WI �*b*Z* ]`1da]1W , b\YE hb\ YZ\-S1 ab*WS ]\OVW\Zqbnaq Wp/qY S `*4ZmY ,1k*YD

xy � � � � � 6 ; vw

�� • ��H

142

�\ hb\ \b,1bSW �SadaE V\-/* �*b*Z* ]`1/W\3SW 1Yd ]*abn]1`1/ ZSY Z* V\W1ZS S ]\VW\ZSbnaqH � �Sada aV*4*WBw�*]Sa*Z\B t \VW\Zqyaq �1-\,1E �\-d b,\1YdE S b\WnV\ 1Yda\,1`j*y a,qk1ZZ\1 aWd31ZS1rx L�*be1q 8B5>MD ˙*E �SadaqaZ\ ]\V*4*WE hb\ ]\VW\Zqbnaq aW1/d1b b\WnV\ �1-\,1D� ob\Y +mWS b*V31 d+13/1Zm b`\1 pZ\j1yE V\b\`m1 3SWS, /*W �1V\Y ]`\jW\YD �f 4,*WS �1/`*fE �Sa*f S �,/1Z*-\D ˙*O,*y d4Z*1YE hb\ a ZSYS ]`\S4\jW\D

'bS Y\W\/m1 1,`1S ]`SZ*/W13*WS V Z*`\/d �4`*SWnEV\b\`my +mW Z*`\/\Y �\-*D �f d,1WS , ]W1ZE , /*W �1Vdp ab`*OZd �*,SW\ZD �*`n b\y ab`*ZmE �*,df\/\Z\a\`E ]\ab*,SW\-`\YZmy 4\W\b\y SabdV*ZD � ,\b \/Z*3/m g*`n ]`SV*4*WBw*V b\WnV\ 4*S-`*1b Yd4mV*E ,a1 /\W3Zm ]`1VW\ZSbnaq ]1O`1/ 4\W\bmY SabdV*Z\YD � Vb\ Z1 ]*/ �1b S Z1 ]\VW\ZSbaqEP

�\h1Yd �*,1W S �*`Z*,* Z1 ]\4,\WSWSWp/qY ]`1VW\ZSbnaq ]1`1/ ZSYSH

143

]`1/d]`1/SW \ZEP b\bh*a +d/1b +`\j1Z, `*aV*W �1ZZdp ]1hnxD *V ]\abd]SW +m bm , ob\Y aWdh*1H �

�+mhZ\ �1/`*fE �Sa*f S �,/1Z*-\ ,m]\WZqWS ,a1 ]\,1OW1ZSq g*`qD �\ Z* ob\b `*4 \ZS 1-\ Z1 ]\aWdj*WSanD ˛Z*1jn]\h1YdH � \b\Yd hb\ �\- , a,\ �1Y 4*V\Z1 aV*4*WB w b1+q Z1/\W3Z\ +mbn /`d-Sf +\-\,E V`\Y1 Y1ZqD �1 /1W*y a1+1 `14OZmf S4\+`*31ZSy S Z1 VW*Zqyaq SYx L�af\/ 6>B7P9MD �1/O`*fE �Sa*f S �,/1Z*-\ ]\,SZ\,*WSan 4*V\Zd �1-\,mE * Z1]\,1W1ZSp g*`qD

4Z*, \+ ob\YE g*`n aSWnZ\ `*4-Z1,*WaqD �Z ,1W1W ]`SO,1abS V Z1Yd b` �1f Y\W\/mf 1,`11,D w `*,/* WSE hb\ ,m Z1aWd3Sb1 Y\SY +\-*YH P a]`\aSW Sf g*`nDP ˙*p ,*Y ]\OaW1/Zpp ,\4Y\3Z\abnD \-/* 4*S-`*1b Yd4mV*E ]*/Sb1 S]\VW\ZSb1an SabdV*ZdE V\b\`\-\ q a/1W*WD � 1aWS Z1 ]\aWdOj*1b1anE +d/1b1 +`\j1Zm , `*aV*W �1ZZdp ]1hnD �\-/* ]\aY\bO`SYE V*V\y +\- S4+*,Sb ,*a \b Y\1y `dVSxD

�b\ 31 +mW\ /1W*bn obSY pZ\j*YH *V ]\abd]SW +mbmH � �\b hb\ \b,1bSWS g*`p �1/`*fE �Sa*f S �,/1Z*O-\B w�*j �\-E V\b\`\Yd Ym aWd3SYE , aSW*f a]*abS Z*aD �\/*31 1aWS \Z ob\-\ Z1 a/1W*1bE Ym Z1 ab*Z1Y aWd3Sbnb,\SY +\-*Y S Z1 +d/1Y ]\VW\Zqbnaq b,\1Yd 4\W\b\Yd SabdOV*ZdxD

�\h1Yd obS pZ\jSZ1 ]`1VW\Zqpbaq]1`1/ SabdV*Z\YH

144

�*`n +mW ,Z1 a1+q \b q`\abSD �Z ]`SV*4*WB w�*4\3-SOb1 ]1hn , a1Yn `*4 aSWnZ11 \+mhZ\-\Ix ˛*b1Y \Z ]\,1W1W a,\OSY a*YmY aSWnZmY ,\SZ*Y a,q4*bn �1/`*f*E �Sa*f* S�,/1Z*-\ S +`\aSbn Sf , `*aV*W �1ZZdp ]1hnD W*Yq +mW\ b*OVSY aSWnZmYE hb\ d+SW\ ,\SZ\, g*`qI � hb\ aWdhSW\an a b`1OYq 1,`1qYSH

�1/`*fE �Sa*f S �,/1Z*-\ d]*WS ]`qY\ , a*Y\1 ]1VW\D �\,\b hd/\B \ZS bdb 31 ,ab*WS P g1Wm S Z1,`1/SYmI �ZS +\WnOj1 Z1 +mWS a,q4*ZmD *V b*V\1 ,\4Y\3Z\H � ˛*-WqZd, ,]1hnE g*`n aSWnZ\ Sa]d-*WaqD w�1 b` �1f WS h1W\,1V Ym +`\aSOWS , \-\ZnHx P a]`\aSW \ZD w�abSZZ\ b*VE g*`nIx P \b,1bSWS1Yd aWd-SD

�\-/* g*`n ,\aVWSVZdWB w�\bE q ,S3d h1b,1`mfYd3hSZE f\/qkSf a`1/S \-ZqE S ]W*Yq Z1 ]`ShSZqO1b SY ZSV*V\-\ ,`1/*xD ˛Z*1jnE Vb\ +mW ob\b h1bO, �1`bmyH � �Z-1W �1-\,mD 'b\ \Z 4*kSk*W b` �1f1,`11, \b \+3S-*pk1-\ ]W*Y1ZSD

,S/1, ob\E g*`n ]\/\j �1W V /,1`S , ]1hn S V`SVOZdWB w�1/`*fE �Sa*f S �,/1Z*-\E `*+m �\-* �a1O,mjZ1-\E ,my/Sb1 S ]\/\y/Sb1Ix � b`S Y\W\/mf

�*V �1-\,* a]*a a,\Sf aWd3Sb1W1y , `*aV*W �1ZZ\y ]1hSH

�� • ��H

1,`1q ,mjWSD S4dYW1ZSp ,a1f ]`SadbOab,dpkSfE ZS 1/SZ\-\ ,\W\aV* Z* Sf -\O

W\,1 Z1 +mW\ \]*W1Z\D �b ZSf /*31 Z1]*fW\ /mY\YD �\-/* g*`n ,\aVWSVZdWB w�W*O-\aW\,1Z �\- �1/`*f*E �Sa*f* S �,/1Z*-\EV\b\`my ]\aW*W *Z-1W* S S4+*,SW a,\SfaWd3Sb1W1yE ]\b\Yd hb\ \ZS Z1 ]\VW\ZSOWSan ZSV\YdE V`\Y1 a,\1-\ �\-*x L˙*ZSOSWE -W*,* 7MD

�m Y\31Y YZ\-\Yd Z*dhSbnaq S4 ob\-\aWdh*qD ˙*31 a1-\/Zq Wp/S ]\VW\ZqpbOaq `*4WShZmY S4\+`*31ZSqYE SWS S/\OW*YD � w�Y1`SV*ZaV\y oZgSVW\]1/SSx-\,\`SbaqB w*V S V`1abE eW*- ]\hSb*1bO

aq 4* a,qbmZpxD �4\+`*31ZSq h*ab\ /1W*pbS4 /1`1,*E V*YZqE Y1b*WW* SWS S4 bV*ZSD�*ZZS1 dh1ZSVS �Sada* \bV*4m,*WSan ]\OVW\Zqbnaq `SYaV\Yd SY]1`*b\`dD �ab\`SV˙oZS1W �*ZZSVa a`*,ZSW ob\ a \bV*4\Y \b/*O,*bn h1abn eW*-d S /*,*bn VWqb,dE SWS \+1k*OZS1E \ab*,*bnaq ,1`ZmY V*V\yOWS+\ ab`*Z1D

*V bm /dY*1jnE SY11b WS /Wq �\-* 4Z*h1ZS1ES4 h1-\ a/1W*Z\ S4\+`*31ZS1B S4 bV*ZSE /1`1O,*E V*YZq SWS Y1b*WW*H � �mW\ +m ]`*,SWnZ\E1aWS +m aWd3Sb1Wn �1-\,m ]\VW\ZqWaq b*VSYS4\+`*31ZSqYH � �1/`*fE �Sa*f S �,/1Z*-\Z1 ab*WS ob\-\ /1W*bnD � �1-\,* +mW SYS

\h1Zn /\,\W1ZD � V*V bm Y\31jn +`*bn a ZSf ]`SY1`H �

1E Vb\ aWd3Sb �1-\,1E Z1 /\W3Zm ]\VW\Zqbnaq V\YdOb\ SWSh1YdOb\ 1k �1D �`\hSb*yE hb\ \+ ob\Y -\,\`Sbaq , aW1/dpkSfabSf*fB �Sada �*,SZ 68B58E 59E 5=P66C �a*Sq 86B<C 5 �\*ZZ*9B65 S �bV`\,1ZS1 5=B5>D

�1Yd Wp/S]\VW\Zqpbaqa1-\/Zq S V\-\\ZS +\-\b,\`qbH

146

��& �˚�� ˚�)

��̇ � +m,*1b b`d/Z\ ]\ZqbnE V\-\ Zd3Z\ aWdj*bnaqD�*Y* SWS ]*]* Y\-db b`1+\,*bn \b b1+q \/Z\-\D� dhSb1Wn , jV\W1 SWS YSWSgS\Z1` a\,a1Y /`d-\-\D

*V bdb +mbnH �

� ;Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZS-S ]`S,\/SWSan aW\,* S4 'e1aqZ*Y:B5P7D �*Y -\,\`SbaqE hb\ /1bS /\W3Zm aWdj*bnaq a,\Sf `\O/Sb1W1yD w�d/nb1 ]\aWdjZm a,\SY `\/Sb1WqY , �\a]\/1xEPaV*4*Z\ , �S+WSSD � 4Z*1jnE hb\ \4Z*h*1b aWdj*bnaq `\/Sb1OW1y w, �\a]\/1xH � 'b\ 4Z*hSb aWdj*bnaq `\/Sb1W1yE V\-/*\ZS dh*b 4*V\Z*Y �\-*D

�/Z*V\ Z1 ,a1 ,4`\aWm1 ,1`qb , �1-\,dD �1V\b\`m1 ahSb*OpbE hb\ Z1b ZSh1-\ ]W\f\-\ , b\YE hb\+m ]\Wn4\,*bnaq j]*`O-*WV*YS Z* V\Zb`\WnZmf SWS +`*bn , Y*-*4SZ1 ,1kSE Z14*]W*bS, 4* ZSfD �\ `*4,1 Y\3Z\ `1+ �1ZVd \+Y*Zm,*bn SWS,\`\,*bnH �

�a]\YZSE hb\ g*`n �*,df\/\Z\a\` \/Z*3/m ]\,1W1W ,a1Y]`1VW\ZSbnaq ]1`1/ 4\W\bmY SabdV*Z\YE V\b\`\-\ \Z ]\ab*O,SWD �\ �1/`*fE �Sa*f S �,/1Z*-\ \bV*4*WSan ,m]\WZSbng*`aVSy dV*4D ˛Z*1jn ]\h1YdH � \b\Yd hb\ , �S+WSS aV*O4*Z\E hb\ Wp/S /\W3Zm ]\VW\Zqbnaq b\WnV\ �1-\,1 L�af\/6>B7C �*be1q 8B5>MD

\aW1 aY1`bS �Sada* *]\ab\W\, ]`S,1WS , �SZ1/`SO\Z P -W*,Zmy `1WS-S\4Zmy ad/ Sd/11,D 1`,\a,qk1ZZSV*S*e* aV*4*WB w�m ab`\-\OZ*ab`\-\ Z*V*4*WS ,*Y Z1 dhSbn\b SY1ZS �Sada*E S hb\ 31HI ,m Z*]\WZSWS �1`da*OWSY a,\SY dh1ZS1YxD \h1Yd *]\ab\Wm Z1 ]\aWdj*WSan

xy � � � � � 6 < vw

�� ˛��&E�� "��&)

147

]\,1W1ZSq �SZ1/`S\Z*H � �1b` \b,1bSW *S*e1 \b SY1ZS,a1f *]\ab\W\,B w�m /\W3Zm ]\/hSZqbnaq �\-d V*V ]`*,Sb1O

WpE * Z1 Wp/qYx L˙1qZSq9B6;P6=MD

Sd/1yaVSf `1WS-SO\4Zmf `dV\,\/Sb1OW1y b\-\ ,`1Y1ZS+mW\ YZ\-\ ,W*abSD�/Z*V\ Sf ab`*Z*

Z*f\/SW*an ]\/ -\a]\/Oab,\Y `SYaV\-\ -\adO/*àb,*D `*,Sb1Wq ob\O-\ -\ad/*àb,* Z*4m,*WSV1a*`1YD �\bq Sd/1S Z1f\b1WSE hb\+m V1a*`nd]`*,WqW Sf ab`*Z\yE`SYaV\1 -\ad/*àb,\ /1OW*W\ /Wq Z*`\/* YZ\-\f\`\j1-\D �1-\/Zq ]`*O,Sb1Wnab,* b\31 4*+\Obqbaq \ -`*3/*Z*f a,\OSf ab`*Z S /1W*pb /Wq

ZSf YZ\-\ ]\W14Z\-\D ˛Z*O1jnE hb\E Z*]`SY1`H �

�\ad/*àb,\ ab`\Sb /\`\-S S \]W*hS,*1b b`d/ YSWSgSO\Z1`\, S ]\3*`ZmfE 4*+\bqan b*VSY \+`*4\Y \ Z*j1y+14\]*aZ\abSD �Z\ b*V31 4*+\bSbaq \ b\YE hb\+m /1bS ]\WdOh*WS \+`*4\,*ZS1E * ]\3SWm1 df\/ S W1h1ZS1D \Z1hZ\E ,a1ob\ ab\Sb Z1Y*Wmf /1Z1-D ˛Z*1jnE \bVd/* -\ad/*àb,\ +1` �1ba`1/ab,*H � �Z\ ]\Wdh*1b Sf \b 3Sb1W1y a,\1y ab`*ZmD˙1Zn-SE V\b\`m1 Wp/S ]W*bqb -\ad/*àb,dE Z*4m,*pbaqZ*W\-\YD

�b\ � �1b`-\,\`Sb �*S*e1H

148

��& �˚�� ˚�)

�\ ,`1Y1Z* �Sada* YZ\-S1 Sd/1S Z1 f\b1WS ]W*bSbn Z*OW\-S `SYaV\Yd -\ad/*`ab,dD \ob\Yd \/Z*3/m a,qk1ZZSVS]\/\aW*WS V �1WSV\Yd dhSb1Wp a,\Sf Wp/1yE hb\+m 4*/*bn1Yd V*,1`4Zmy ,\]`\aD 'bS Wp/S a]`\aSWSB w˛*V\ZZ\ WS]W*bSbn Z*W\- V1a*`p SWS Z1bHx �\]`\a +mW Z1]`\abmYD ˚aOWS +m �Sada aV*4*WB w˙*E ,a1Y Zd3Z\ ]W*bSbn Z*W\-SxE ob\Z1 ]\Z`*,SW\an +m YZ\-SY Sd/1qYD �\ a /`d-\y ab\`\ZmE�Sada Z1 Y\- aV*4*bnB w�1 Z*/\ ]W*bSbn Z*W\-SxD \b\Yd hb\ob\ +mW\ +m Z1]`*,/\yD

*V 31 ]\abd]SW �SadaH �Z ]\]`\aSWB w \V*3Sb1 YZ1Y\Z1bdxD \-/* 1Yd ]`SZ1aWS Y\Z1bdE \Z a]`\aSW b1f Wp/1yBw�n �1 S4\+`*31ZS1 Z* Y\Z1b1 S hn �1 SYq ab\Sb Z* Z1yHx Pw1a*`qxEP daWmj*W \Z , \b,1bD �\-/* �Sada aV*4*WBw�b*VE \b/*,*yb1 V1a*`1,\ V1a*`pE * �\3n1 �\-dx L�dVS6>B5=P6:MD

b*V\Yd \b,1bd Z1,\4Y\3Z\ ]`S/`*bnaqD ˚aWS V1a*`n 4*O+\bSbaq \ Z*`\/1E b\ a]`*,1/WS,\ ]W*bSbn 1Yd 4* ob\ /1Zn-SEV\b\`m1 \Z 31 S ,m]daV*1bD �*V �Sada ]\V*4*WE hb\ ,*3Z\]W*bSbn Z*W\-S -\ad/*`ab,d 4* b\E hb\ \Z\ /Wq Z*a /1W*1bD

�*V �Sada \b,1bSW Z* V*,1`4Zmy ,\]`\aEV\b\`my 4*/*WS 1Yd obS Wp/SH

� ˛��&E �� "��&�)

�\ bmE Y\31b +mbnE 1k �1 Z1/\ab*b\hZ\ +\Wnj\yE hb\+m]W*bSbn Z*W\-SH �/Z*V\ d b1+q b\31 1abn \+q4*ZZ\abn ]1`1/-\ad/*àb,\YD ˛Z*1jn V*V*qH � �\+Wp/*bn -\ad/*àb,1ZZm14*V\ZmD � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ Ym /\W3Zm w]\/hSZqbnaq,majSY ,W*abqYxD w�majS1 ,W*abSx P ob\ Wp/SE d V\b\`mf1abn ,W*abn , -\ad/*àb,1D � SY1ZZ\ �\- b`1+d1b \b Z*a ]\/OhSZ1ZSq 4*V\Z*YE V\b\`m1 S4/*Zm -\ad/*àb,\Y L�SYWqZ*Y57B5E 6MD

`1/]\W\3SYE adk1ab,d1b 4*V\ZE 4*]`1k*pkSy a\`Sbn S+`\a*bn +dY*3VS Z* dWSg1D ˙\W31Z WS bm a\+Wp/*bn ob\b 4*OV\ZH � \Z1hZ\E ,1/n ob\-\ \b b1+q \3S/*1b �\-D � Zd3Z\ WSb1+1 aWdj*bnaq YSWSgS\Z1`*H � �\ad/*àb,\ ]W*bSb YSWSOgS\Z1`*Y 4*`]W*bdE hb\+m \ZS Y\-WS \+1a]1hS,*bn ]\`q/\VS 4*kSk*bn Wp/1yD �Wdj*bnaq Sf P b\ 31 a*Y\1E hb\ ]\/hSOZqbnaq -\ad/*àb,dD

`1/ab*,nB bm a\+`*Waq ]1`1f\/Sbn dWSgdE Z\ bdb YSWSOgS\Z1` -\,\`SbB w \/\3/SIx *V bm ]\abd]SjnH � � 1aWS/`d-S1E Z1aY\b`q Z* ]`1/d]`13/1ZS1E ]1`1+1-*pb h1`14 /\O`\-dE ]\+13Sjn WS bm ,aW1/ 4* ZSYSH � �*3Z\ aWdj*bnaq/*31 b\-/*E V\-/* ZSVb\ /`d-\y ob\-\ Z1 /1W*1bD �1/n ob\-\b`1+d1b \b Z*a �\-D

�\4Y\3Z\E Z* a\a1/Z1y dWSg1 hb\Ob\ ]`\S4\jW\E S YSWSOgS\Z1` -\,\`SbB w�a1 ]\ /\Y*YI �* dWSgd Z1 ,mf\/SbnIx \O,ap/d aWmj*baq V`SVSE S b1+1 Wp+\]mbZ\ d4Z*bnE hb\ b*Y]`\Saf\/SbD �\3Z\ WS b1+1 af\/Sbn ]\aY\b`1bnH � �d/1b WSob\ ]\/hSZ1ZS1Y w,majSY ,W*abqYxH �

�\ad/*àb,\ \+mhZ\ ab`\Sb jV\Wm S ]W*bSb 4*`]W*bd dhSOb1WqYD � V*V bm /dY*1jnE 31W*1b WS �\-E hb\+m bm aWdj*WaqdhSb1WqH � ˙*,*y ]\/dY*1YD �\ad/*àb,\ ]W*bSb dhSb1WqYEhb\+m \ZS Z*a \+dh*WSE * YSWSgS\Z1`*YE hb\+m \ZS Z*a 4*OkSk*WSD \ob\YdE aWdj*qan dhSb1WqE * b*V31 YSWSgS\Z1`*Ebm ]\V*31jnE hb\ bm ]\aWdj1Z -\ad/*àb,dD

150

��& �˚�� ˚�)

�\ hb\E 1aWS dhSb1Wn ]\b`1+d1bE hb\+m bm ]`1OVW\ZSWaq ]1`1/ V*VSYOZS+d/n S4\+`*31ZS1YH �b\ bm

b\-/* a/1W*1jnH � �`S 1,`1q Z1 ]\aWdj*WSan ]\,1W1ZSq g*O`q �*,df\/\Z\a\`* S Z1 ab*WS ]`1VW\Zqbnaq ]1`1/ SabdOV*Z\YD \YZSjn ]\h1YdH � \b\Yd hb\ \ZS f\b1WSaWdj*bnaq �\-*D

�ab\`SV SWW ˙p`*Zb aV*4*W \ `*ZZSf f`SabS*Z*fE hb\, ]1`,dp \h1`1/n \ZS +mWS ]`1/*Zm Z1 V1a*`pD �ZS +mWS]`1/*Zm �1-\,1I ˙*,*y ,a1-/* ]\YZSbnE hb\ -W*,ZmY , Z*Oj1y 3S4ZS /\W31Z +mbn �\-D

�m ]\aWdjZm -\ad/*`ab,dE ]\aV\WnVd ob\-\ \b Z*a \3SO/*1b �\-D �\ V*V +mbnE 1aWS \b Z*a b`1+dpb a/1W*bn b\E hb\Z1d-\/Z\ �\-dH � �m ]\,b\`SY aW\,* *]\ab\W\,E aV*4*ZZm1]1`,\a,qk1ZZSVdB w�m /\W3Zm ]\/hSZqbnaq �\-d V*V ]`*O,Sb1WpE * Z1 Wp/qYx L˙1qZSq 9B6=MD

�S+WSq dhSb Z*a d,*3*bn 4*V\ZD �`\hSb*y b\E hb\ 4*]Sa*OZ\ , *be1q 9B85C Sbd 7B5 S 5 �1b`* 6B56P58D

�\h1Yd Z*Y aW1/d1b aWdj*bnaq]`1/ab*,Sb1Wq ,W*abSH

151

�% �(��"& ]`*4/ZSVSH � �* ZSf Y\31b +mbn \h1Zn,1a1W\D � V*V bm /dY*1jnE ]\Z`*,SW\an +m �1WSV\YdhSb1WpE 1aWS +m Ym ]\jWS Z* ]`*4/ZSVH �

�Sada a*Y \/Z*3/m +mW Z* ]`*4/ZSV1D �Y1ab1a\ a,\SYS dh1ZSV*YS \Z ]\+m,*W Z* a,*/n+1D �1O

-\,* P wah*abWS,my �\-xE ]\ob\Yd \Z `*O/d1baqE V\-/* Ym ,1a1WSYaq Z* f\`\jSf]`*4/ZSV*f L5 �SY\e1p 5B55C �\*ZZ* 6B5P55MD

�* 6=Oy ab`*ZSg1 ob\y VZS-S \]Sam,*W\anEV*V �1-\,* `*4/1WSW ,\/m `*aZ\-\ Y\`q S

S4`*SWnbqZ1 aY\-WS ]`\ybS ]\ adf\Yd/Zd Z* /`d-\y +1`1-D \YZSjn ob\b `*aOaV*4H � \aW1 ob\-\ Z*`\/ Z*h*W ]1bn Sb*Zg1,*bnE ,\af,*Wqq �1-\,dD 'b\ +mW Z*Oab\qkSy ]`*4/ZSVI �*`\/ +mW \h1Znah*abWS,E S �1-\,1E +14 a\YZ1ZSqE ob\/\ab*,SW\ \-`\YZdp `*/\abn L�af\/59B5E 6>E 65MD

`SY1`Z\ h1`14 8> W1b S4`*SWnbqZ1]`Sadbab,\,*WS Z* /`d-\Y +\Wnj\Y]`*4/ZSV1D �* ob\b `*4 ]`*4/ZSV dab`*SO,*WS b1E Vb\ Z1 aWd3SW �1-\,1D �\4q1,*ob\-\ ]`*4/ZSV* ]\VW\ZqWSan /`d-SY +\O-*Y S SY1WS ]\W\,m1 \bZ\j1ZSq a Wp/nOYSE a V\b\`mYS Z1 a\ab\qWS , +`*V1D *Vbm /dY*1jnE ab\SW\ WS S4`*SWnbqZ*Y ]`SO

xy � � � � � 6= vw

�˚ �� ˛˙��˙�% ��H

�\h1Yd �1-\,1 ]\Z`*,SWaq ob\b ]`*4/ZSVH

f\/Sbn Z* ob\b ]`*4/ZSVH � �1-\,1 ob\ \h1Zn Z1 ]\Z`*,SW\anES \Z Z*V*4*W S4`*SWnbqZ L�SaW* 69B5P=C 5 \`SZeqZ*Y 5>B<MD

� �S+WSS b*V31 `*aaV*4m,*1baq \ /,df ]`*4/Z\,*ZSqf /Zq`\3/1ZSqD �\31bE \/SZ S4 ZSf +mW /Z �1Y `\3/1ZSq �1WSV\-\hSb1WqH � �1bD 'bS /ZS `\3/1ZSq ]`*4/Z\,*WS Wp/SE V\b\O`m1 Z1 aWd3SWS �1-\,1D �/ZSY S4 ZSf +mW g*`n �`\/ �ZbS]*D�\ ,`1Y1Z* �Sada* ob\b h1W\,1V +mW ]`*,Sb1W1Y �*WSW1yaV\y\+W*abSD

�*`n �`\/ /1W*W YZ\-\ 4W*D �Z 31ZSWaq Z* 31Z1 a,\1-\+`*b*D ˚ �1 4,*WS �`\/S*/*D �Wd3Sb1Wn �\-* �\*ZZ `1abSb1Wn\ad/SW 1-\ 4* ob\D �`\/d ob\ \h1Zn Z1 ]\Z`*,SW\anE S \Z 4*OVWphSW �\*ZZ* , bp`nYd L�dVS 7B5=E 6>MD

\-/* �\*ZZ aS/1W , bp`nY1E Z*abd]SW /1Zn `\3/1ZSq �`\O/*D �`\/ dab`\SW ]`*4/ZShZmy ]S`D �Z a\4,*W YZ\-\ 4Z*bZmf-\ab1yD �a1 \ZS 1WSE ]SWS S ,1a1WSWSanD ˛*b1Y ,\jW* /\hn �`\O/S*/m S Sa]\WZSW* /Wq ,a1f -\ab1y ]`1V`*aZmy b*Z1gD 'b\bb*Z1g Z*ab\WnV\ ,a1Y ]\Z`*,SWaqE hb\ g*`n �`\/ 4*f\b1W a/1OW*bn /1,djV1 \a\+my ]\/*`\VD �Z ]\VWqWaqB w�1-\ ZS ]\]`\OaSjn d Y1ZqE /*Y b1+1E /*31 /\ ]\W\,SZm Y\1-\ g*`ab,*xD

�b\ ]`\S4\jW\ ,\ ,`1Yq ]`*4/Z\,*ZSq/Zq `\3/1ZSq �`\/*H

��˚ �� ˛˙�� ˙�% ��H

153

�1-\ 31 1y ]\]`\aSbnH �\31bE /1Z1-H Z*`q/Zdp \/13/dHSWS a\+ab,1ZZmy /,\`1gH ˙1,djV* Z1 4Z*W*E hb\ S ,m+`*bnD� \Z* \b]`*,SW*an 4* a\,1b\Y V Y*b1`SD w�1-\ YZ1 ]`\OaSbnHx P a]`\aSW* \Z* d �`\/S*/mD

�`\/S*/* 31 aSWnZ\ Z1Z*,S/1W* �\*ZZ* `1abSb1WqD \Oob\Yd \Z* aV*4*W*B w `\aS -\W\,d �\*ZZ*E V\b\`my V`1abSWxD�b*VE ,\y/q V g*`pE /1,djV* ]\]`\aSW*B w�\hdE hb\+m bm ]`qOY\ a1yh*a /*W YZ1 Z* +Wp/1 -\W\,d �\*ZZ* `1abSb1WqxD

�*`n �`\/ 4Z*WE hb\ �\*ZZ P f\`\jSy h1W\,1VE S ]\ob\YdZ1 f\b1W d+S,*bn ob\-\ �\3n1-\ aWd3Sb1WqD �\ ,1/n \Z /*W aW\O,\D � 1aWS \Z Z1 Sa]\WZSb ]`\an+dE -\abS ]\/dY*pbE hb\ g*`nZ1 a/1`3S,*1b a,\Sf \+1k*ZSyD �1 /\W-\ /dY*qE �`\/ ,1WSbaWd-1 ]\ybS , bp`nYd S \b`d+Sbn �\*ZZd -\W\,dD �Wd-* ,m]\WOZq1b a,\ �1 h �1`Z\1 /1W\D �Z ]`SZ\aSb Z* +Wp/1 -\W\,d �\*ZZ* S\b/* �1b 1 �1 /1,djV1D � b* ]1`1/* �1b 1 �1 Y*b1`S L�*`V* :B5;P6=MD

˙`d-\y /1Zn `\3/1ZSqE V\b\`my \]Sa*Z , �S+WSSE +mW ZSOh1Y Z1 Wdhj1D 'b\ +mW /1Zn `\3/1ZSq e*`*\Z*E ]`*,Sb1Wq˚-S]b*D �\ ,`1Yq ob\-\ ]`*4/ZSV* e*`*\Z b\31 \b`d+SW -\W\O

,d \/Z\Yd h1W\,1VdD �1W\ b\-\ h1W\,1V* ]\,1aSWS Z* /1O`1,1E -/1 1-\ SaVW1,*WS ]bSgmI L�mbS1 8>B5=P66MD

�\h1Yd �Sada Z1 Y\- `\/Sbnaq 69 /1V*+`qH

��& �˚�� ˚�)

*V bm /dY*1jnE \/\+`qW WS �\- obS ]`*4/ZSVSH � � f\b1W\an+m b1+1 Z* ZSf ]`Sadbab,\,*bnH �

�m 4Z*1YB ,a �1E hb\ 4*]Sa*Z\ , �S+WSSE Z*f\/Sbaq b*Y Z1 aWdOh*yZ\D � Z1y `*aaV*4m,*1baq WSjn \ /,df /Zqf `\3/1ZSqD �\,\ ,`1Yq obSf b\`31ab, ]`\Saf\/SWS d3*aZm1 ,1kSD �b\ �\-f\b1W obSY aV*4*bnH �\h1b WS �\-E hb\+m Ym ]`*4/Z\,*WS /ZS`\3/1ZSqH �

�1-\/Zq ,\ ,`1Yq b*VSf ]`*4/ZSV\, Wp/SE V\Z1hZ\ 31E Z1\b`d+*pb /`d-SY - ‹\W\,mD �/Z*V\ ]`*4/Z\,*ZS1 /Z1y `\3/1OZSq ]`S/dY*WS Wp/SE V\b\`m1 Z1 ]\VW\ZqWSan SabSZZ\Yd �\O-dD � \bZ\j1ZSS ]`*4/Z\,*ZSy /Z1y `\3/1ZSqE d]\YqZdbmf ,�S+WSSE , \/Z\y `1WS-S\4Z\y oZgSVW\]1/SS -\,\`SbaqB w�\WnOV\ -`1jZSVSDDD dab`*S,*WS `\aV\jZm1 ]S`j1ab,* ]\ aWdh*pa,\1-\ /Zq `\3/1ZSqx Lw*b\WSh1aV*q oZgSVW\]1/SqxMD �*4,1Ym f\bSY +mbn ]\f\3SYS Z* ZSfH �

� �1WSVSy hSb1WnH `*4/Z\,*W WS \Z a,\y /1Zn `\3/1OZSqH � �1bE , �S+WSS ZSh1-\ \+ ob\Y Z1 -\,\`SbaqD �*ZZS1dh1ZSVS �Sada* b\31 ZSV\-/* Z1 ]`*4/Z\,*WS 1-\ /1Zn `\3O/1ZSqD ˛Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd ]\4/Z11 Wp/S ab*WS \bY1h*bn /1Zn`\3/1ZSq �Sada* 69 /1V*+`qE * , Z1V\b\`mf ab`*Z*f P ; qZO,*`qH �

*V -\,\`Sbaq , \/Z\y S4,1abZ\y oZgSVW\]1/SSE obd /*bd,m+`*WS ]\b\YdE hb\ w3Sb1WS �SY* d31 /\W-\1 ,`1Yq \bY1h*OWS , ob\b /1Zn `*4/ZSV �*bd`Z*E ]\a,qk �1ZZmy /Zp `\3/1OZSq a\WZg*x Lw\`W/ +dVxMD \Wdh*1baqE hb\ /1Zn `\3/1ZSq�Sada* a\,Y1abSWS a /Z �1YE V\-/* q4mhZSVS P Wp/SE ]\VW\OZq,jS1aq /`d-SY +\-*YEP \bY1h*WS a,\y ]`*4/ZSVI

� 4Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd �Sada Z1 Y\- `\/Sbnaq , /1V*+`1H �� S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\E V\-/* �Sada `\/SWaqE ]*abdfS Z\h1,*OWS a\ a,\SYS ab*/*YS , ]\W1 L�dVS 6B<P56MD 'b\ Z1 Y\-W\]`\Saf\/Sbn , /1V*+`1E ]\b\Yd hb\ /1V*+`n , b\y Y1abZ\abS Pf\W\/Zmy S /\3/WS,my Y1aqgD

��˚ �� ˛˙�� ˙�% ��H

155

�Z\-S1 Wp/S 4Z*pbE hb\ �\3/1ab,\ P ob\ Z1 /1Zn `\3O/1ZSq �Sada*D �ZS /*31 4Z*pbE hb\ , ob\b /1Zn q4mhZSVS \bOY1h*WS Z1d-\/Zmy �\-d ]`*4/ZSVD �\ \ZS ,a �1 `*,Z\ ]`*4/Zdpb�\3/1ab,\D �Y Z*ab\WnV\ Z`*,Sbaq ob\b ]`*4/ZSVE hb\ \ZS Z1\+`*k*pb ,ZSY*ZSq Z* b\E V*V \bZ\aSbaq V Z1Yd �\-D �\ ,1/nYm f\bSY `*/\,*bn �1-\,dE ]`*,/*H �

�b*VE 1aWS Ym f\bSY dab`\Sbn ]`*4/ZSVE /*,*y ,Z*h*W1 d+1O/SYaqE hb\ \Z ]\Z`*,Sbaq �1-\,1D `*4/ZSVS Y\3Z\ dab`*SO,*bn , Wp+\1 ,`1Yq -\/*E V\-/* b\WnV\ 4*f\bSYD � Z*Y Z1Zd3Z\ 3/*bn V*V\-\Ob\ \]`1/1W �1ZZ\-\ /ZqD �\3Z\ ]`S-\b\O,Sbn ,VdaZmy \+1/ S ]\S-`*bn , SZb1`1aZm1 S-`mD �1+1 +mob\-\ f\b1W\anH � �\-/* aV*3S \+ ob\Y `\/Sb1WqY S ]\]`\aSSf ]\Y\hn b1+1 ]\/-\b\,Sbn ]`*4/ZSVD 'b\ +d/1b 4/\`\,\E]`*,/*H � �\ ]1`1/ b1Y V*V dab`\Sbn ]`*4/ZSVE d+1/SanE hb\\Z ]\Z`*,Sbaq �\-dD

��S+WSS Z1 `*4 ]\/h �1`VS,*1baqE Z*aV\WnV\ ,*3Z\ ,a1-/* /1W*bnb\E hb\ Z`*,Sbaq �\-dD ˙*,*y ]`\hSb*1YE hb\ \+ ob\Y -\,\`SbOaq , �`Sbh*f 56B6C �\*ZZ* <B6=C �SYWqZ*Y 56B6 S 5 �\*ZZ* 7B66D

�*V d4Z*bnEZ`*,qbaq WS �\-dZ*jS ]`*4/ZSVSH

��& �˚�� ˚�)

�˚�� WS aWd3Sbn �1-\,1H � �1WSVSy hSb1Wn Z1 -\O,\`SWE hb\ ob\ +d/1b W1-V\D � Z\hn ]1`1/ a,\1y aY1`Obnp �Sada aV*4*W *]\ab\W*YB w˚aWS YS` Z1Z*,S/Sb

,*aE 4Z*yb1E hb\ Y1Zq \Z ,\4Z1Z*,S/1W ]`13/1 ,*ax L�\*ZZ*59B5<MD

�1b` ]\f,*ab*WaqE hb\ ZSV\-/* Z1 \ab*,Sb �Sada*D �\ �SOada aV*4*W 1YdB w'b\y 31 Z\hnp bm b`S3/m \b`1h �1jnaq \bY1ZqxD � /1yab,Sb1WnZ\E , bd 31 Z\hn �1b` b`S3/m aV*4*WEhb\ Z1 4Z*1b �Sada*I L�*be1q 6:B75P79E :=P;9MD �\ V*V b*OV\1 Y\-W\ aWdhSbnaqH � �1b` S /`d-S1 *]\ab\Wm ]`\ab\ SaO]d-*WSanD

˛Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd *]\ab\W*Y ab*W\ ab`*jZ\H � �ZS d]dOabSWS hb\Ob\ \h1Zn ,*3Z\1D ˙*,*y d4Z*1YE , h �1Y +mW* Sf\jS+V*D \ZSY*ZS1 ob\-\ ]\Y\31b Z*Y aWd3Sbn �1-\O,1 Z14*,SaSY\ \b b\-\E hb\ -\,\`qb SWS /1W*pb /`d-S1D �\,Z*h*W1 ]\aY\b`SYE hb\ aWdhSW\an , Z\hn ]1`1/ aY1`bnp�Sada*D

�Sada S 1-\ *]\ab\Wm ,Y1ab1 \bY1h*pb ]`*4/ZSV *afSD*3/my -\/ Sd/1S dab`*S,*WS ob\b b\`31ab,1ZZmy d3SZE,a]\YSZ*q \ b\YE V*V �\- \a,\+\/SW a,\y Z*`\/ S4 1-SO]1baV\-\ `*+ab,*D �V\ZhS, ]`*4/Z\,*ZS1 *afSE �Sadadab`*S,*1b 1k �1 \/SZ \a\+my d3SZD � \/Z\y S4 aW1/dpkSf-W*, Ym ]\-\,\`SY \ b\YE V*V ob\b d3SZ ]\Y\-*1b Z*Y,a]\YSZ*bn �Sada*D ˛* ab\W\Y �Sada 4*,1`q1b *]\ab\W\,, ]\//1`3V1 S dV`1]Wq1b SfD \aW1 ob\-\ �1WSVSy hSOb1Wn ,1/ �1b Sf , �1eaSY*ZaVSy a*/D 'b\ Sf Wp+SY\1 Y1ab\,ab`1hD

xy � � � � � 7 > vw

�� &) ��

157

`S/q , a*/E �Sada \ab*,Wq1b *]\ab\W\, S df\/Sb ]\Y\OWSbnaqD �Z ]`\aSb 1b`*E �*V\,* S �\*ZZ* b\31 ]`1+m,*bn, Y\WSb,1D �/Z*V\ \ZS 4*am]*pbD � b*V ]\,b\`q1baq b`S `*O4*I �`S3/m �Sada df\/Sb ]\Y\WSbnaq S b`S3/mE V\-/* ,\4O,`*k*1baqE 4*ab* �1b 1b`* S /`d-Sf *]\ab\W\, a]qkSYSL�*be1q 6:B7:P8;MD �\ ]\h1Yd SY Zd3Z\ +mW\ +\/`ab,\O,*bn S Y\WSbnaqH � ˙*,*y d4Z*1YD

� b\b ,1h1` �d/* �aV*`S\b b\31 \bY1h*W ]`*4/ZSV *aOfS ,Y1ab1 a �Sada\Y S \ab*WnZmYS *]\ab\W*YSD �d/*E V*VbmE Y\31b +mbnE ]\YZSjnE ab*W ,\`\YD �1]1`n \Z ab*Z\,Sbaq1k �1 S ]`1/*b1W1YD �Z f\`\j\ 4Z*1b b\ Y1ab\ , �1eaSY*ZOaV\Y a*/dE , V\b\`\Y �Sada YZ\-\ `*4 ,ab`1h*Waq a\ a,\SYS*]\ab\W*YSD \ob\Yd \Z ]`S,\/Sb bd/* ,\SZ\,E hb\+m *`1Oab\,*bn �Sada*D ,S/1, Wp/1y a \`d3S1YE �Sada a]`*jS,*O1bB w\-\ Sk1b1Hx

w�Sada*xEP \b,1h*pb ,\SZmD �Sada Sf Z1 +\Sbaq S ]\oOb\Yd aY1W\ \b,1h*1bB w'b\ qxD �S/q b*V\1 Z1\+mVZ\,1ZZ\1Yd31ab,\ �Sada*E ,\SZm , S4dYW1ZSS ]*/*pb Z* 41YWpD� �Sada -\,\`SbB w˚aWS ,m Sk1b1 Y1ZqE b\-/* \b]dabSb1 Y\OSf *]\ab\W\,x L�\*ZZ* 5<B5P=MD

�\SZm f,*b*pb �Sada* S a,q4m,*pbD �]\ab\Wm 31 , ab`*Of1 d+1-*pbD �/Z*V\ 1b`d S �\*ZZd SZb1`1aZ\ d4Z*bnE hb\+d/1b /*Wnj1E ]\ob\Yd \ZS Z14*Y1bZ\ aW1/dpb 4* ,\SZ*YSD�Sada* ]`S,\/qb , /\Y ]1`,\a,qk1ZZSV* *S*emD �\*ZZ4Z*V\Y a ]1`,\a,qk1ZZSV\YE ]\ob\Yd aWd3*ZV* `*4`1j*1b1YdE * b*V31 1b`d 4*ybS ,\ /,\`D

�,qk1ZZSVS d31 a\+`*WSan , /\Y1 *S*em S ]`S-\b\,SOWSan ,1`jSbn ad/D �ZS f\bqb \ad/Sbn �Sada* Z* aY1`bn S]\ob\Yd ]`S,\/qb a,S/1b1W1yE V\b\`m1 -\,\`qb \+ �Sada1W\3nD �Sada* +npb VdW*V*YS S d/*`qpb 1-\ ]\ k1V*YD �a �1ob\ ,`1Yq �1b` Z*f\/Sbaq Z1]\/*W �1VdD

158

��& �˚�� ˚�)

�Wd3*ZV*E V\b\`*q ,]dabSW* *]\ab\W\,E d4Z* �1b 1b`*D w�mb\31 +mW a �Sada\YIx P ,\aVWSg*1b \Z*D �\ �1b` -\,\`SbEhb\ Z1 4Z*V\Y a �Sada\YD �dbn ]\431 /`d-*q aWd3*ZV* d4Z*O�1b 1b`* S -\,\`Sb \ab*WnZmYB w'b\b h1W\,1V +mW a �SadOa\YxD �\ S , ob\b `*4 �1b` \b`1V*1baq \b �Sada* S -\,\`SbEhb\ Z1 4Z*1b 1-\D ˛*b1Y 1k �1 Z1aV\WnV\ h1W\,1V d4Z*pb 1b`*S -\,\`qbB w�m b\hZ\ \/SZ S4 ZSfxD �\-/* �1b` , b`1bSy`*4 \b`1V*1baq \b a,\1-\ hSb1Wq S -\,\`SbB w�1 4Z*pob\-\ h1W\,1V*Ix �1b` /*31 VWqZ �1baqE hb\+m 1Yd ]\,1`SWSD� , ob\b a*Ymy Y\Y1Zb �Sada \+\`*hS,*1baq S aY\b`SbZ* 1b`* L�*be1q 6:B9;P;9C �dVS 66B98P:6C �\*ZZ*5<B59P6;MD

˛Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd �1b` aV*4*W Z1]`*,/dH � ˙*E \Z Sa]dO-*WaqD �\ ]\h1YdH *V ]\WdhSW\anE hb\ d Z1-\ Z1 f,*bSW\ YdO31ab,*H ˙*,*y ]\/dY*1YD �b\ ]\Y\-W\ �Sadad ]`\q,SbnYd31ab,\H � �Sada Y\WSWaq �\-dE S �\- dV`1]SW 1-\D �a]\YOZSE �Sada b`S `*4* aV*4*W 1b`dE hb\+m \Z Y\WSWaq S +\/`Oab,\,*WD �\ hb\ /1W*W �1b`H �

�\h1Yd �1b`dE �*V\,d S �\*ZZd Zd3Z\ +mW\ +\/`ab,\,*bnH

159

�Z V*3/my `*4 4*am]*WD �Z Z1 Y\WSWaq SZ1 +\/`ab,\,*WD \ob\YdE V\-/* �Sada* *`1ab\O,*WSE �1b` `*ab1`qWaqD � ]\4/Z11E Z* ad/1Ed4Z*,E hb\ �Sada* +npb S /*31 a\+S`*pbaq

d+SbnE �1b` aSWnZ\ Sa]d-*WaqD �\ \h �1Y �Sada ]`1/d]`1/SW *]\ab\OW\, ,a1-\ WSjn 4* Z1aV\WnV\ h*a\,/\ ob\-\H � �1WSVSy hSb1Wn aV*O4*WE hb\ YS` ,\4Z1Z*,S/1W a*Y\-\�Sada* S +d/1b Z1Z*,S/1bn 1-\dh1ZSV\,D

� b1]1`n /*,*y ]\/dY*1YE Y\O31b WS a Z*YS aWdhSbnaq hb\Ob\]\/\+Z\1H `1/]\W\3SYE , VW*aOa1 `1+qb* ab*WS ]W\f\ \b4m,*bnOaq \ b1fE Vb\ Z1 \b/* �1b h1abn

�\h1Yd � �1b` Z*ab\WnV\ Sa]d-*WaqE hb\ /*31\b` �1Vaq \b �Sada* S aV*4*W Z1]`*,/dH

�*V bm Y\31jn \V*4*bnaq, b*V\Y 31 ]\W\31ZSSE

hb\ S � �1b H̀

eW*-d S Z1 ]`*4/Zd1b �\3/1ab,\D �b\E 1aWS Vb\OZS+d/n ,ob\b Y\Y1Zb ]\,1`Z �1baq V b1+1 S a]`\aSbB w� bm hb\E b\31Z1 \b/* �1jn h1abn eW*-dHx �WSB w�m aWmj*WSE bm /*31Z1 ]`*4/Zd1jn �\3/1ab,\Ix �Y\31jn WS bm Z1 Sa]d-*bnOaq S aV*4*bn SY ]`*,/dH � �WS ]\abd]Sjn b*V 31E V*V �1b`H �

\4/Z11 �1b` aSWnZ\ ]\3*W1W \ b\YE hb\ \b` �1Vaq \b�Sada*D \-/* \Z ]\ZqWE hb\ ]`\S4\jW\E \Z ,mj1W S -\`nOV\ 4*]W*V*WD ˙*E \Z ,1`ZdWaq V �Sadad L�dVS 66B76MD �*Vhb\ 31 ]\Y\31b Z*Y Z1 Sa]d-*bnaq S Z1 ab*bn ]\f\3SYSZ* 1b`*H � �a]\YZSE �1b` Z1 Y\WSWaq S Z1 +\/`ab,\,*WD�b\ ]\ob\Yd Zd3Z\ /1W*bn Z*YE hb\+m aW1/\,*bn 4* �1WSVSYhSb1W1YH �

�1a\YZ1ZZ\E Z*Y Zd3Z\ Y\WSbnaq �1-\,1 \ ]\Y\kSD˛Z*1jnE hb\ a/1W*W �\- , \b,1b Z* Y\WSb,d �Sada*H � �Z]\aW*W *Z-1W* S dV`1]SW 1-\ L�dVS 66B87MD �\-db WS *Z-1Wm]\Y\hn S Z*YH � � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w�Z-1W �\a]\/1Zn\]\Wh*1baq ,\V`d- +\qkSfaq ˚-\ S S4+*,Wq1b Sfx L a*W\Y77B<MD �\ hb\+m ]\WdhSbn ]\Y\kn �\-*E Y*W\ WSjn ]`\ab\]\Y\WSbnaqD ˛Z*1jnE hb\ 1k �1 Z1\+f\/SY\H � �Sada ]\+dO/SW a,\Sf dh1ZSV\, +\/`ab,\,*bnD �\ hb\ /Wq ob\-\ Zd3Z\/1W*bnH �

�h1Zn ,*3Z\ ,ZSY*b1WnZ\ aWdj*bn Z* f`SabS*ZaVSf,ab`1h*f S g1ZSbn b\E hb\ Ym hSb*1Y , �S+WSSD `\Y1 b\O-\E Z*Y Zd3Z\ `1-dWq`Z\ Y\WSbnaq �1-\,1 S ]`\aSbn 1-\ \]\Y\kSE hb\+m ]`\/\W3*bn 1Yd aWd3SbnD �\-/* �1-\,* ]\OY\31b Z*Y a]`*,Sbnaq a\ ab`*f\YD � Ym +d/1Y `*/m `*aaV*O4m,*bn /`d-SY \ �1WSV\Y hSb1W1 S 1-\ �bg1D

�Z\-/* ab`*f ]1`1/ Wp/nYS Y\31b d/1`3S,*bn Z*a \b b\O-\E hb\+m ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\D 'bS abSfS ]\Y\-db Z*Y Z1]\//*,*bnaq b*V\Yd ab`*fdB �`SbhS 6=B69C �1`1YSq 6:B56P59E6>P68 S �\*ZZ* 56B86E 87D

� ��&�) ��

161

� ˚�˚ +mW\ V\-/*OZS+d/n -`dabZ\ S \/SZ\V\H � � Y\O31bE b1+1 V*4*W\anE hb\ b1+q ZSVb\ Z1 Wp+SbH � � Z1OV\b\`mYS /1bnYS b*V\1 aWdh*1baqD �\ �\- \+1k*1bB

w) Z1 4*+d/d b1+qx L�a*Sq 8=B59MD �*4,1 ob\ Z1 ]`1V`*aZ\H �˙*E �1-\,* �\- Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 Z*a Wp+SbI

�/SZ ]Sa*b1Wn �S+WSS V*VOb\ aV*4*WB w�+\ \b1g Y\y SY*bn Y\q \ab*,SWS Y1ZqE Z\ �\a]\/n ]`SY1b Y1Zqx L a*W\Y6:B5>MD ˙Wq Z*a ob\ Z*ab\qk11 db1j1ZS1E ]`*,/*H � �1-\,*4*,1`q1bB w�1 +\yaqE ]\b\Yd hb\ q a b\+\yD ) ]\Y\-d b1+1xL�a*Sq 85B5>MD

�\ SZ\-/* �1-\,* /\]daV*1bE hb\+m �*b*Z* ]`ShSZqW Z*Y,`1/D �1-\,* /*31 ]\4,\Wq1b �*b*Z1 Sa]mbm,*bn a,\Sf aWdO3Sb1W1yD �/Z*3/m �Sadad ]\ ,SZ1 ˙nq,\W* +mW\ b*V ]W\f\Ehb\ \Z ,4Y\WSWaq �1-\,1B w�\31 Y\yE �\31 Y\yE ]\h1Yd bmY1Zq \ab*,SWHx L�*be1q 6;B8:MD �\bq �Sada ab`*/*WE \Z ZSOV\-/* Z1 a\YZ1,*Waq , b\YE hb\ �1-\,* 1-\ Wp+Sb L�\*ZZ*5>B5;MD �\ �Sada b*V31 4Z*WE hb\ �\- ]\4,\Wq1b �*b*Z1 SaO]mbm,*bn a,\Sf aWd3Sb1W1y S ]`ShSZqbn SY ab`*/*ZSqD� \/Z\y S4 aW1/dpkSf -W*, Ym d4Z ‹*1YE ]\h1Yd �\- ]\4,\Wq1b�*b*Z1 ob\ /1W*bnD

�*W1ZnVSY h*ab\ +m,*1b ab`*jZ\D �a]\YZSE bm V\-/*OZSO+d/n b1`qWaqH � �mW\ WS b1+1 b\-/* ab`*jZ\H � �Z\-S1 /1ObS Sa]d-*WSan +mD *VOb\ `*4 �1WSVSy hSb1Wn `*aaV*4*WSab\`Sp \ b\YE Vb\ b\31 \/Z*3/m ]\b1`qWaqD �\ ob\ +mW Z1`1+ �1Z\VD 'b\ +mW* \,1hV*D

� V*V\YOb\ \bZ\j1ZSS bm b\31 ]\f\3 Z* \,1hVdD *VSY\+`*4\YH �,gm \+mhZ\ Z1+\WnjS1 S Z1 \h1Zn aSWnZm1D �f

xy � � � � � 75 vw

�˙˚ ��•�� ˚"˚��˚

162

Zd3Z\ ]\ab\qZZ\ \]1V*bn S 4*kSOk*bnD �1W\,1VE V\b\`my 4*+\bSbaq \+\,g*fE Z*4m,*1baq ]*abdf\YD

�Sada `*aaV*4*W Sab\`Sp \ ]*abdf1Ed V\b\`\-\ +mW\ ab\ \,1gD �\ ]\b\Y \/OZ* \,1hV* ]\b1`qW*anD �\4Y\3Z\E 1y 4*Of\b1W\an ]\aY\b`1bnE hb\ Z*f\/Sbaq Z*/`d-\y ab\`\Z1 f\WY*D �h1Zn aV\`\ \Z*\b+SW*an \b ab*/* S 4*+Wd/SW*anD �\WnV\]`1/ab*,nE hb\ hd,ab,\,*W* ob* \,1hV* P\/Z*O\/SZ �1j1ZnV* Z* V`db\Y \+`m,1D ˚yEZ*,1`Z\1E ab*W\ \h1Zn ab`*jZ\E ]`*,/*H �

�\ ,\b ]*abdf 4*Y1bSWE hb\ \/Z* \,1hV*]`\]*W*D �b\ 31 1Yd b1]1`n /1W*bnH \/dOY*1b WS \ZB w'b* \,g* a*Y* ,SZ\,*b*D �1 Z*O/\ +mW\ df\/Sbn b*V /*W1V\D �1]1`n ob\ Z1Y\ �1 /1W\xH �WS 31 \Z \ab*,Sb a,\Sf == \,1g, +14\]*aZ\Y Y1ab1 S ]\y/ �1b SaV*bn ]`\]*,Ojdp +1/Zq3VdH �b\Sb WS ob\ /1W*bn `*/S \/Z\y\,1hVSH � � 1aWS +m ob\y ]\b1`qZZ\y \,1hV\y+mW bmE f\b1W\an +m b1+1E hb\+m ]*abdf ]\j �1W b1O+q SaV*bnH �

*abdf \h1Zn aSWnZ\ Wp+SW ,a1f a,\Sf \,1h1V S /*O31 bdE V\b\`*q ]\b1`qW*anD \ob\Yd \Z \b]`*,SWaq Z*]\SaVSD �\WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nE V*V \+`*/\,*W*an ]\b1`qZOZ*q \,1hV*E d,S/1, ]*abdf*I �Sada aV*4*WE hb\ ]*abdf

�b\E ]\Ob,\1YdE hd,ab,d1bob* ]\b1`qZZ*q \,1hV*H

b\31 +mW \h1Zn `*/E V\-/* Z*j �1W +1/Zq3VdD �Z \+`*/\,*Waq1y /*31 +\Wnj1E h1Y == \,g*YE V\b\`m1 Z1 b1`qWSanD �\ V\O-\ ]`1/ab*,Wq1b ]*abdf , Sab\`SS �Sada*H b\ 4*+\bSbaq \Z*a b*V 31 Z13Z\E V*V ]*abdf \ a,\Sf \,1hV*fH � �Sada aV*O4*WE hb\ ob\ 1-\ Z1+1aZmy �b1gD � �b1g �Sada* P �1-\,*D

�1-\,* �\- P �1WSVSy *abm`n a,\1-\ Z*`\/*D �Z Wp+Sb,a1fE Vb\ aWd3Sb 1YdE ,VWph*q S b*VSf pZmfE V*V bmD �Z Z1f\h1bE hb\+m a Z*YS aWdhSW\an hb\Ob\ ]W\f\1D *V 31 4*OY1h*b1WnZ\ 4Z*bnE hb\ �\- b*V 4*+\bSbaq \ Z*aI L�*be1q5<B56P58MD

�m ]`*,/* ,1`Sjn , �1-\,d �\-*H � �V*3SE \Z /Wq b1+q`1*WnZ*q WShZ\abnH � ,S/1bn �1-\,d YmE V\Z1hZ\ 31E Z1Y\31YD �1/n \Z ˙dfD ˚-\ b1W\ Z1,S/SY\ /Wq h1W\,1h1aVSf

-W*4D �\ \Z `1O*WnZ*q WShZ\abn S Y\31b ,SO/1bn Z*aD �Z 4Z*1bE V\-/* Z*YZd3Z* ]\Y\knD � Ym Y\O31Y `*4-\,*`S,*bn a ZSY ,Y\WSb,1 b*V 31E V*V `*4-\,*O

�b\ ]\/\+1Z ]*abdfdEV\b\`my Z*j �1W a,\p \,1hVdH

��& �˚�� ˚�)

`S,*1Y a Wp/nYSD �1-\,* \h1Zn f\h1bE hb\+m Ym \+k*WSana ZSYD

�b\ ]\ob\Yd Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE V\-/* b1+1 -`dabZ\ SWS \/SZ\OV\H � �*aaV*3S \+ ob\Y �1-\,1D `S+WS3*yaq V Z1YdE S \Zdb1jSb b1+q S ]\Y\31b b1+1D \YZSB �1-\,* Wp+Sb b1+q /*O31 b\-/*E V\-/* bm hd,ab,d1jna1+q \/SZ\V\D �\4nYS �S+WSpS \bV`\y a*W\Y 66D �*hSZ*qa 5O-\ abSf* 4/1an -\,\`SbaqBw�\a]\/n P *abm`n Y\yC qZS , h �1Y Z1 +d/d Zd3/*bnaqC�Z ]\V\Sb Y1Zq Z* 4W*hZmf]*3Sbqf S ,\/Sb Y1Zq V ,\O/*Y bSfSYxD

˛*Y1bnE hb\ , 8OY abSf1 /\O+*,Wq1baqB w˚aWS q ]\y/d S /\OWSZ\p aY1`bZ\y b1ZSE Z1d+\pan 4W*E ]\b\Yd hb\ �m a\YZ\pC �,\y 314W S �,\y ]\Oa\f P \ZS da]\V*S,*pb Y1OZqxD �\b hb\ hd,ab,dpb Wp/SE dV\b\`mf �\- P �1-\,*D �ZSZ*f\/qb db1j1ZS1 , b`d/Zm1,`1Y1Z*D ˚abn WS d b1+q b*VS1hd,ab,*H �

\/\+Z\ Wp+qk1Yd ]*abdfdE �1-\,* Z13Z\ 4*+\bSbaq \a,\Sf aWd3Sb1WqfD �1-\,* dV*4m,*1b SY ]`*,SWnZmy ]dbnE S\ZS a +W*-\/*`Z\abnp aW1/dpb 4* a,\SY *abm`1YD � /*311aWS Z* ob\Y ]dbS ,ab`1h*pbaq b`d/Z\abSE SY Z1 Zd3Z\ +\OqbnaqD *abdf 4*kSk*W \,1g \b /SVSf 3S,\bZmf S /Wq ob\-\,a1-/* Z\aSW a a\+\y 314W SWS ]\a\fD � �S+WSS `*aaV*4m,*O1baq \ Y\W\/\Y ]*abdf1 ˙*,S/1E V\b\`my 4*kSk*W a,\Sf

�*ab\WnV\ WS �1-\,* `1*W1Z/Wq b1+qE V*V /`d-S1 Wp/SEZ*]`SY1` b,\y ]*]*H

�˙˚ ��•�� ˚"˚��˚

165

\,1g \b Wn,\, S Y1/,1/1y L5 �*`ab, 5;B78P7:MD �\3nS aWdO3Sb1WS d,1`1ZmE hb\ �1-\,* b\31 \+q4*b1WnZ\ Sf 4*kSbSbD�ZS hd,ab,dpb a1+q , +14\]*aZ\abSE ]\b\Yd hb\ a ZSYS �\-D

�1-\,* Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 Wp+Sb a,\Sf \,1h1V S Z13Z\ \ ZSf4*+\bSbaqD � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ �1-\,*E ]\/\+Z\ ]*abdfdE+d/1b ,\/Sbn a,\Sf \,1gE * q-Zqb +d/1b +`*bn Z* `dVS L�a*Sq8>B55MD

�*4,1 Z1 db1jSb1WnZ\ 4Z*bnE hb\ �1-\,* P b*V\y ]`1OV`*aZmy �\-H � � bm f\h1jn +mbn 1-\ \,1hV\yH � �,gm aWdOj*pbaq -\W\a* a,\1-\ ]*abdf*D �ZS /1`3*baq `q/\Y a ZSYD� bm aWdj*1jnaq �1-\,dH � �WS4\V WS bm V Z1YdH � � b*OV\Y aWdh*1 b1+1 ZSV\-/* Z1 Z*/\ +\qbnaqD �1-\,* ,a1-/* +dO/1b `q/\Y a b\+\yD

�1-\,* a Wp+\,np 4*+\bSbaq \ b1fE Vb\ 1Yd aWd3SbD ˙*,*y,Y1ab1 ]`\hSb*1YE hb\ \+ ob\Y -\,\`Sbaq , �a*WY1 7:B69C98B67 S �dVS 56B6=P75D

�b\E ]\/\+Z\ f`*+`\Yd ]*abdfdE]\Y\31b Z*Y , b`d/Zm1 ,`1Y1Z*H

��& �˚�� ˚�)

��̇ � �1-\,* /1W*1b d/S,Sb1WnZ\1E hb\+m 4*kSbSbnY*W1ZnVSf S +1a]\Y\kZmfD �dWqq , ]*`V1 SWS , W1adEY\3Z\ d,S/1bn \/Z\ S4 ]`\q,W1ZSy b*V\y 4*+\bm

�1-\,mD `*,/*E ]\Z*h*Wd +m,*1b b`d/Z\ ]\ZqbnE hb\ V h1YdD

�m S/ �1jn ]\ b`\]SZV1E S ,\b ]`qY\ ]1`1/ b\+\y Z* 41YWp\]daV*1baq ]bSg*D *31baqE hb\ \Z* `*Z1Z*D �Z* V*VOb\ ab`*ZOZ\ ,\W\hSb 4* a\+\y V`mW\D �m ]mb*1jnaq ]\/\ybS V Z1y ]\O+WS31E Z\ \Z* d+1-*1b \b b1+qD �/`d- ]bSg* Z1\3S/*ZZ\dW1b*1bD � 1 �1 V`mW\Y ,a �1 , ]\`q/V1I ˛*h1Y 31 \Z* b\-/* ]`SOb,\`qW*anH �

�V*4m,*1baqE , Vdab*fE Z1/*W1V\ \b b\-\ Y1ab*E -/1 \]dOabSW*an ]bSg*E +mWS a]`qb*Zm 1 �1 ]b1ZhSVSD bSg* SaO]d-*W*anE hb\ bm Z*y/1jn Sf S ]`ShSZSjn SY ,`1/D \ob\Yd \Z* ]`Sb,\`SW*an `*Z1Z\y S d,1W* b1+q \ba,\Sf Y*Wpb\VD � 4Z*1jnE Vb\ Y\31b 4*kSbSbn Z*aE]\/\+Z\ b\Yd V*V ]bSg* \+1`1-*1b a,\Sf ]b1ZOg\,H � � �S+WSS �1-\,* a`*,ZS,*1baq a \`W\YE+\Wnj\y aSWnZ\y ]bSg1yE V\b\`*q 4*+\bSbaq \a,\Sf ]b1Zg*f L�b\`\4*V\ZS1 76B55E 56MD

xy � � � � � 76 vw

�� ˛�#��

�*V ob* ]bSg*4*kSk*1b a,\Sf

]b1ZhSV\,H167

�*Y\1 /`*-\g1ZZ\1 /Sbq �1-\,m P ob\ 1-\ ,\4Wp+W1ZZmy�mZE �SadaD \-/* �Sada 3SW Z* Z1+1E \Z +mW Y\-dk1ab,1ZOZmY /df\YE ]\/\+Z\ a,\1Yd �bgdD �Z a*Y Y\- ]\ab\qbn 4* a1+qD�\ V\-/* �Sada `\/SWaq Z* 41YW1E \Z \V*4*Waq +1a]\Y\kZmYD˚Yd Zd3Z* +mW* 4*kSb*D

˙Wq b\-\ hb\+m Sa]\WZSbn ,\Wp �\-*E �Sadad Zd3Z\ +mW\,m`*abS S ab*bn a\,1`j1ZZmY ,4`\aWmY h1W\,1V\YD �*b*Z*ob\ 4Z*W S ]\ob\Yd ]\]mb*Waq d+Sbn �Sada*E ]\V* \Z +mW 1k �1Y*W1ZnVSYD � �S+WSS 1abn ,\WZdpk*q Sab\`Sq \ b\YE V*V �1O-\,* 4*kSbSW a,\1-\ �mZ*D �\h1jnE q b1+1 1 �1 `*aaV*3dH � �\-O/* aWdj*yD

�aV\`1 ]\aW1 `\3/1ZSq �Sada* �*b*Z* a/1W*W b*VE hb\ Z*Z1+1E Z* ,\ab\V1E 4*3-W*an q`V*q 4,14/*D �ab`\W\-S P Wp/SES4dh*pkS1 4, �14/mEP ]`\/1W*WS /\W-Sy ]dbnD �ZS ]`\jWS Z1OaV\WnV\ a\b VSW\Y1b`\,E aW1/dq 4* ob\y 4,14/\yD � ,\b Z*V\Z1g4,14/* ]`S,1W* Sf , �1`da*WSYD `S/q , -\`\/E \ZS ab*WS a]`*OjS,*bnE -/1 /\W31Z `\/Sbnaq +d/dkSy g*`n Sd/1yaVSyD �p/SE

�*V\1 ]\,1W1ZS1E a]*aj11 �Sadad 3S4ZnE�\- /*W *ab`\W\-*YE ]\aW1 b\-\

V*V \ZS Z*jWS �Sada*H

��& �˚�� ˚�)

V\b\`m1 4Z*WSE hb\ \+ ob\Y -\,\`Sbaq , �S+WSSE \b,1bSWSBw�*`n `\/Sbaq , �SeW11Y1x L�*be1q 6B5P:MD

*V b\WnV\ �`\/E 4W\y g*`nE V\b\`my ]`*,SW , �1`da*WSY1EdaWmj*W \ Z\,\Y g*`1E `\/S,j1Yaq , �SeW11Y1E \Z aV*4*W*ab`\W\-*YB w�/Sb1 S `*4mkSb1 `1+ �1ZV*E * V\-/* Z*y/ �1b1E a\O\+kSb1 YZ1xD ˛Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd �`\/d b*V f\b1W\an Z*ybS �SOada*H � ˚-\ YdhSW* 4*,Sabn S \Z f\b1W d+Sbn Z\,\-\ g*`qI

�\ V*V �1-\,* 4*kSbSW a,\1-\ �mZ*H � �*y/q �Sada*E*ab`\W\-S ]\/*`SWS 1Yd YZ\-\ ]\/*`V\,D \aW1 ob\-\ �\- ,\aZ1 ]`1/\ab1` �1- SfE ]\,1W1, SY Z1 ,\4,`*k*bnaq V �`\/dD \oOb\Yd Z* \+`*bZ\Y ]dbS *ab`\W\-S Z1 ab*WS 4*f\/Sbn , �1`da*OWSYE * ]\jWS , a,\p ab`*Zd /`d-SY ]db �1YD 4Z*, \+ ob\YE�`\/ \h1Zn `*4\4WSWaqD �\`q 31W*ZS1Y d+Sbn �Sada*E \Z ]`SOV*4*W Sab`1+Sbn , �SeW11Y1 ,a1f Y*WnhSV\, /\ /,df W1bI �\ ,b\b Y\Y1Zb �Sada* d31 Z1 +mW\ , -\`\/1D

˛Z*1jnE V*V �Sadad d/*W\an a]*abSanH � *V b\WnV\ *ab`\OW\-S djWSE �1-\,* ]\,1W1W �\aSedE Yd3d �*`SSB w�ab*ZnE,\4nYS `1+ �1ZV* S +1-S , ˚-S]1bxD�*Y �`\/ Z1 Y\- ]`ShSZSbn�Sadad ZSV*V\-\ ,`1/*D \4/OZ11E a]dabq Z1aV\WnV\ W1bEV\-/* �\aSe S �*`Sq ,\4O,`*bSWSan S4 ˚-S]b*E �\-1k �1 `*4 ]`1/\ab1` �1- �\aSOe*D �Z q,SWaq 1Yd ,\ aZ1 SaV*4*WE hb\+m \ZS ,a1y a1Yn1y\b]`*,WqWSan , �*4*`1bE -/1�Sada +mW +m , +14\]*aZ\abSL�*be1q 6B;P67MD

�S/SjnE V*V �1-\,* 4*kSOk*W a,\1-\ �mZ*H � � Vb\ ]\f\3 Z* V`\j1hZmf ]b1ZhSV\,EV\b\`mf Y*Y*O]bSg* a]`qb*W* , Vdab*fE SWS Z* Y*W1ZnV\-\

�*V �\- ,Z\,n 4*kSbSWY*W1ZnV\-\ �Sada*H

� �� ˛�#��

169

�Sada*H �\31b +mbnE bmH � �1/n b1+1 b\31 f\bqb ]`ShSZSbn,`1/D ˛Z*1jn Vb\H �

� �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ �*b*Z* f\/SbE V*V `mh*kSy W1,E V\Ob\`my f\h1b Z*a al1abnD \/\+Z\ b\Yd V*V Wn,m \+mhZ\ \f\Obqbaq Z* /1b �1Zmj1y 3S,\bZmfE �*b*Z* S 1-\ /1Y\Zm h*ab\,m+S`*pb a,\1y YSj1Znp SY1ZZ\ /1b1y L5 1b`* 9B<MD �\ �1O-\,* aSWnZ11 �*b*ZmD �1-\,* Y\31b 4*kSbSbn a,\Sf /1b1y Sdab`*ZSbn ,`1/E V\b\`my ]`ShSZq1b SY �*b*Z*D

\YZSjnE V h1Yd ]\/b*WVS,*pb Wp/1y ˙nq,\W S 1-\ /1Y\OZmE V*V -\,\`SW\an , 5>Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZS-SH � ˙*E \ZS f\bqb,\,W1hn Z*a , Z1/\4,\W1ZZm1 ]\W\,m1 \bZ\j1ZSq P a/1W*bnb\E hb\ �\- \ad3/*1bD b\ Y\31b SY1bn ]\W\,m1 \bZ\j1ZSqH �˙*E b\WnV\ /,\1 ,4`\aWmf 31Z*bmf Wp/1y `*4Zmf ]\W\,D

�/Z*V\E V a\3*W1ZSpE Z1V\b\`mY ,4`\aWmY Z`*,Sbaq SY1bn]\W\,m1 \bZ\j1ZSq a /1bnYSD \-/* SY ob\ d/* �1baqE Y*WnhSVSS /1,\hVS b\31 Z*hSZ*pb /1W*bn d3*aZm1 ,1kSE V\b\`mY SfZ*dhSWS obS ,4`\aWm1D �ZS b\31 Z*hSZ*pb \+`*k*bnaq a\ a,\OSYS ]\W\,mYS \`-*Z*YS Z1]\4,\WSb1WnZmY \+`*4\YD �Y1ZZ\ob\ aWdhSW\an YZ\-\ W1b Z*4*/ , -\`\/1 �\/\YD � �S+WSS -\,\O`SbaqE hb\ Wp/SE 3S,jS1 , b\Y -\`\/1E w\b Y*WnhSV* /\ ab*O`SV*xE ]mb*WSan ,abd]Sbn , ]\W\,m1 \bZ\j1ZSq a -\abqYS�\b* L�mbS1 5=B8E 9E ��MD

\/\+Z\ b\Yd V*V �Sadad Zd3Z* +mW* 4*kSb*E b1+1 b\31Zd3Z* 4*kSb* \b ,4`\aWmf P S /*31 /1b1yEP V\b\`m1E ,\4OY\3Z\E 4*f\bqb SY1bn a b\+\y ]\W\,m1 \bZ\j1ZSqD �+mhZ\b*VS1 Wp/S ]`Sb,\`qpbaq /`d4nqYSD �ZS Y\-db /*31 ]\\+1Ok*bn b1+1 hb\OZS+d/nE WSjn +m bm Y\Wh*W S Z1 `*aaV*4m,*W/`d-SY \ b\YE hb\ \ZS f\bqb a b\+\y a/1W*bnD �\ obS Wp/SE b*V31 V*V �*b*Z* S 1-\ /1Y\ZmE \h1Zn o-\SabShZmE \ZS /dY*pbb\WnV\ \ a1+1D �ZS f\bqb \/Z\-\ P ]\WdhSbn d/\,\Wnab,S1D� hb\+m ]\WdhSbn ob\ d/\,\Wnab,S1E \ZS ]mb*pbaq ,\,W1hn ,]\W\,m1 \bZ\j1ZSq /1b1yD � ob\ Z1]\4,\WSb1WnZ\I

170

��& �˚�� ˚�)

˛Z*1jnE hb\ \ZS Y\-db /1W*bnEhb\+m ]\WdhSbn d/\,\Wnab,S1H ��ZS Y\-db b`\-*bn SWS ]\-W*3SO,*bn b,\S ]\W\,m1 \`-*ZmD �WS /*O31 ]`SV*a*bnaq V ZSY a,\SYS]\W\,mYS \`-*Z*YSD �\ bm Z1 /\WO31Z ]\4,\Wqbn ZSV\Yd S-`*bn ab,\SYS ]\W\,mYS \`-*Z*YSD �SOV\YdE /*31 a,\1Yd +`*bd SWS a1abO`1E /*31 Y*Y1 S ]*]1I

�\ V*V b1+1 4*kSbSbn a1+q \b`*4,`*k �1ZZmf Wp/1yH � �1 ]\4O,\Wqy ZSV\Yd S-`*bn a b,\SYS ]\OW\,mYS \`-*Z*YSD ˚aWS Vb\Ob\]\]mb*1baq ob\ a/1W*bnE aV*3S-`\YV\ S `1jSb1WnZ\B w�`1V`*ObSI ) ,a �1 ]`\ b1+q `*aaV*3dIx� 1aWS ob\b h1W\,1V aV*31bE hb\ ob\ bm ,SZ\,*b ,b\YE hb\ ]`\S4\jW\E Z1 ,1`n 1YdD 'b\ W\3nI \y/S S,a �1 ]`\ Z1-\ `*aaV*3SE V1Y +m \Z ZS +mWI �/1W*y ob\E /*31 1aOWS \Z +d/1b d-\,*`S,*bn b1+q \ab*,Sbn ,a �1 , a1V`1b1D �*V\y h1OW\,1V Y\31b /*31 4*]d-S,*bn b1+q SWSE Z*\+\`\bE \+1k*bnb1+1 /\`\-S1 ]\/*`VSD �\ bm /\W31Z Z1Y1/W1ZZ\ dybS S ,a �1]`\ Z1-\ `*aaV*4*bnD

�\qbnaq Z1 Zd3Z\E Zd3Z\ +mbn \ab\`\3ZmYD �h1Zn ,*3Z\aWdj*bnaq `\/Sb1W1yE \a\+1ZZ\ V\-/* \ZS ]`1/\ab1`1-*pbb1+q \b V\,*`Zmf Wp/1yE * b*V31 Y1abE V\b\`m1 b*qb , a1+1\]*aZ\abnD ˚aWS bm +d/1jn ]\aWdjZmYE ]W\fSY Wp/qY +d/1bb`d/Z11 ]`ShSZSbn b1+1 ,`1/D

�`\hSb*y \ b\YE V*V 4*kSbSbn a1+q \b Z1/\4,\W1ZZmf ]\OW\,mf \bZ\j1ZSyB �mbS1 7=B;P56C �`SbhS 8B58P5:C 58B59E 5:C5 �\`SZeqZ*Y :B5< S 6 �1b`* 6B58D

�b\ Zd3Z\ aV*4*bn S a/1W*bnE 1aWSVb\Ob\ ]\]mb*1baq /\b`\Zdbnaq/\ b1+q Z1]\4,\WSb1WnZmY \+`*4\YH

171

�� bm /dY*1jnE ]\+W*-\/*`SW WS �Sada , Y\OWSb,1 �1-\,dE V\-/* ,m`\a S d4Z*W \ b\YE V*VSYhd/1aZmY \+`*4\Y �\- a]*a 1-\ , `*ZZ1Y /1bO

ab,1H � � hb\ �SadaE ,\4Y\3Z\E aV*4*W �\aSed S�*`SSE V\-/* d4Z*WE hb\ \ZS a]*aWS 1Yd

3S4ZnE d+13*, , ˚-S]1bH �

�SadaE V\Z1hZ\E d31 Z1 `1+ �1Z\VD � \Z+\Wnj1 Z1 3S, �1b Z* 41YW1D �\ 4*Y1h*W WSbmE hb\ Z1V\b\`m1 /\ aSf ]\` ]`1/ab*,OWqpb �Sada* YW*/1Zg1YE V\b\`my W1O3Sb , V\`YdjV1H � �*VE Z*]`SY1`E,\ ,`1Yq �\3/1ab,* ]\,ap/d Y\3Z\d,S/1bn \bV`mbVS S V*W1Z/*`SE Z*V\b\`mf �Sada S4\+`*3 �1Z YW*/1ZOg1YD

�Sada*E V\Z1hZ\ 31E a1yh*a Z1bZ* 41YW1D �\ V*V bm /dY*1jnE \Z3S,H � ˙*E �Sada +mW ,\aV`1j �1Z S4Y �1`b,mfE S a1yh*a \Z Y\-dk1ab,1ZOZmy �*`n Z* Z1+1D � V*V \Z Y\31b]\Y\hn a,\SY aWd3Sb1WqYH � \-/*�Sada +mW Z* 41YW1E \Z ]\V*4*WE hb\

, aSW*f 4*kSbSbn b1fE Vb\ 1-\Wp+SbD ˙*,*y ]\aY\b`SYE hb\

xy � � � � � 7 7 vw

�� ˝˚�� ˛�#��&

�*V bm ]`1/ab*,Wq1jn �Sada*PV*V Y\-dk1ab,1ZZ\-\ �*`q SWS

+1a]\Y\kZ\-\ YW*/1Zg*H172

]`\S4\jW\E V\-/* �1WSVSy hSb1Wn ]WmW , W\/V1 a\ a,\SYSdh1ZSV*YSD

�WdhSW\an ob\ d31 ]\/ ,1h1`D �1an b\b /1Zn �Sada dhSWZ* +1`1-d �*WSW1yaV\-\ Y\`qD L'b\ \41`\ Z*ab\WnV\ +\Wnj\1Ehb\ 1-\ /*31 Z*4m,*WS Y\`1YC \Z\ 6> VSW\Y1b`\, , /WSZd S56 , jS`SZdDM � ,\b �Sada -\,\`Sb dh1ZSV*YB w 1`1]`*O,SYaq Z* /`d-dp ab\`\Zd \41`*xD �ZS a*/qbaq , W\/Vd S \bO]Wm,*pb \b +1`1-*D �Sada \h1Zn dab*WE ]\ob\Yd \Z S/ �1b Z*V\`YdE , V\Z1g W\/VSE S W\3Sbaq Z* ]\/djVdD �aV\`1 \ZV`1]V\ 4*am]*1bD

�\ dh1ZSVS Z1 a]qbE ,1/n SY Zd3Z\ /1`3*bnaq Z*OY1h1ZZ\-\ Vd`a*D �a �1 S/ �1b f\`\j\E ]\V* Z1 ]\/OZSY*1baq aSWnZmy ,1b1`D �1b1` daSWS,*1baqE SZ*hSZ*1baq Z*ab\qk*q +d`qD �`\Y*/Zm1 ,\WZm\+`djS,*pbaq Z* W\/VdE S 1 �1 4*WS,*1b ,\/\yD

h1ZSVS aSWnZ\ Z*]d-*ZmE \ZS +\qbaqdb\ZdbnD �\ �Sada Z1 +\SbaqD �ZYS`Z\ a]Sb Z* V\`Y1D �*V\Z1gdh1ZSVS +d/qb 1-\ S -\,\O`qbB whSb1WnE a]*aS Z*aESZ*h1 Ym ]\-S+Z1YxD

�b\ �Sada -\,\`Sb,1b`d S ,\WZ*YH

�� ˝˚� �� ˛�#��&

�\-/* �Sada ,ab* �1b S -\,\`Sb ,1b`d S Y\`pB w�bSfZSIyYSanIx

� b\ 31 Y-Z\,1ZS1 ,1b1` abSf*1b S Y\`1 da]\V*S,*1baqDh1ZSVS ]\`*31ZmD �*Znj1 \ZS ZSV\-/* ZSh1-\ ]\/\+Z\-\Z1 ,S/1WSD �ZS -\,\`qb /`d- /`d-dB wb\ 31 ob\E hb\ ]`SV*O4m,*1b /*31 ,1b`*Y S ,\/1E S b1 ]\,SZdpbaq 1YdHx L�dVS<B66P69C �*`V* 8B79P85MD

� bm 4Z*1jnE Vb\ b*V\y �SadaH � �bVd/* d Z1-\ b*OV*q aSW*H � h1ZSV*Y Z1 Zd3Z\ +mW\ +\qbnaqE ,1/n

`q/\Y a ZSYS Z*f\/SWaq �SadaE * \Z Z1+mW \+mhZmY h1W\,1V\YD �Z Y\-

b,\`Sbn hd/1a* S /1W*bn b\E hb\ /`d-SY Z1 ]\/ aSWdD ) `*aaV*O3d b1+1 1k �1 \+ \/Z\Y hd/1E V\b\`\1 �Sada a\,1`jSW ,\ ,`1OYq +d`S Z* Y\`1D

*VOb\ ,1h1`\Y �Sada ,1WSb a,\SY dh1ZSV*Y a1abn , W\/OVd S ]Wmbn Z* /`d-dp ab\`\Zd Y\`qD �*Y \Z b1Y ,`1Y1Z1Y

˙Wq h1-\ �Sada a\,1`j*W hd/1a*H

174

��& �˚�� ˚�)

]\/ZSY*1baq Z* -\`dD ˛/1an , bSjSZ1 \Z Y\31b ]\Y\WSbnaqa,\1Yd �bgdE �1-\,1 �\-dD

h1ZSVS 31 a*/qbaq , W\/Vd S ]Wm,db Z* /`d-\y +1`1-D �\,aV\`1 ]\/ZSY*1baq ,1b1`D �Z /d1b ,a �1 aSWnZ11 S aSWnZ11D�`1Yq d31 ]\4/Z11D h1ZSVS \]daV*pb ]*`da* S Z*hSZ*pb-`1abSD �\ ,1b1` ,ab`1hZmyE ]\ob\Yd \ZS Z1 Y\-db /*W1V\d]WmbnD �\/Vd j,m`q1b S4 ab\`\Zm , ab\`\ZdE , Z1 �1 4*WS,*O1baq ,\/*D h1ZSVSE Z*]`q-*q ,a1 a,\S aSWmE , \bh*qZSS -`1O+db V +1`1-dE Z\ /\ +1`1-* \h1Zn /*W1V\D

�Sada ,a �1 1k �1 Z* -\`1D �Z ]`\, �1W b*Y YZ\-\ ,`1Y1ZSD �\b1]1`n \Z ]\ZSY*1bE hb\ 1-\ dh1ZSV*Y -`\4Sb \]*aZ\abn P\ZS Y\-db ]\-S+Zdbn , a,S`1]mf Y\`aVSf ,\WZ*fD \ob\Yd\Z a]daV*1baq a -\`m V +1`1-dD ˝1W*q ]\Y\hn a,\SY dh1ZSOV*YE �Sada S/ �1b ]`qY\ ]\ +djdpk1Yd Y\`pI

�b\ aWdhSbaqE 1aWS bm ]\]mb*1jnaq ]`\ybSan ]\ ,\/1H ��m ]\y/ �1jn V\ /Zd S Y\31jn db\ZdbnD �\ a �Sada\Y ,a �1SZ*h1D �Z \+W*/*1b \a\+\y aSW\yD �Z ]`\f\/Sb ]\ ,\/1 +\WnOj\1 `*aab\qZS1 S /\-\Zq1b W\/VdD `*VbSh1aVS d31 Z* `*aOa,1b1 dh1ZSVS 4*Y1h*pb �Sada*D �ZS Z1 Y\-db ]\,1`Sbna,\SY -W*4*Y P �Sada S/ �1b ]\ ,\/1I 'b\ ]d-*1b SfE S \ZS ,ab`*f1 Z*hSZ*pb V`Sh*bnD �\ �Sada da]\V*S,*1b SfB w�Y1OW11 P ob\ qE Z1 +\yb1anxD

*V b\WnV\ �Sada a*/Sbaq , W\/VdE +d`q da]\V*S,*1baqDh1ZSVS aZ\,* ]\`*31ZmD �ZS ]*/*pb ]1`1/ �Sada\YZ* V\W1ZSE -\,\`qB w \SabSZ1 bm �mZ �\-*x L�*be1q58B66P77C �\*ZZ* :B5:P65MD

`*,/*E +mW\ +m 4/\`\,\ 3Sbn , b\ ,`1Yq S ,S/1bn ,a �1 ob\a,\SYS -W*4*YSH � � 4Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd �Sada a\,1`j*W b*VS1]\`*4Sb1WnZm1 hd/1a*H � �Z Wp+SW dh1ZSV\, S f\b1W SY ]\OY\hnD �\ 1k �1 �Sada f\b1W ]\V*4*bnE hb\ d Z1-\ 1abn ,1WSV*qaSW* S \Z aY\31b ]`SY1ZSbn 1 �1 , +d/dk1YE V\-/* +d/1b

�� ˝˚� �� ˛�#��&

175

]`*,Sbn V*V �*`n �\3n1-\�*àb,*D

�\ /*31 d31 a1-\/Zq�Sada Z1`1/V\ ]`SY1Zq1bobd aSWdD �Z ]\Y\-*1b a,\OSY ]\aW1/\,*b1WqY `*aaV*O4m,*bn \ �\3n1Y �*àb,1EZ1aY\b`q Z* ,a1 daSWSq�*b*Zm 4*ab*,Sbn Sf 4*Y\WOh*bnD �/Z*V\ �Sada Z1 \+1O`1-*1b a,\Sf dh1ZSV\, \b+\W14Z1y S Z1 Sag1Wq1bSfD ˙*31 *]\ab\Wm �SadOa* , V\Zg1 V\Zg\, dY1ÒWSD �*V\,*E +`*b* �\*ZZ*EV*4ZSWSE * a*Y\-\ �\*ZZ*]\a*/SWS , bp`nYd L˙1qZSq56B6C �bV`\,1ZS1 5B=MD

�1-\/Zq ]`\Saf\/Sb Z1Ohb\ ]\/\+Z\1D �p/S +\W1pbS dYS`*pb Z14*,SaSY\ \bb\-\E aWd3*b \ZS �1-\,1 SWSZ1bD �\ ,aV\`1E V\-/* �Sada+d/1b ]`*,Sbn V*V �*`n ,�\3n1Y ]`*,Sb1Wnab,1E ,a �1S4Y1ZSbaqD �b`*f Sah14Z1bZ*,a1-/*E ,1/n �Sada +d/1b]`SY1Zqbn a,\p aSWd Z*+W*-\ b1fE Vb\ 1-\ aWdj*1baq L�a*Sq =B:E ;MD

� aW1/dpkSf abSf*f -\,\`Sbaq \ b\YE V*V\y \-`\YZ\y aSW\y\+W*/*1b �Sada P b\bE V\-\ �\- S4+`*W �*` �1Y �\3n1-\ �*Òab,*B ˙*ZSSW ;B57E 58C *be1q 6<B5< S 'e1aqZ*Y 5B6>P66D

�*V �Sada 4*kSk*1b a,\Sf]\aW1/\,*b1W1y a1-\/ZqH

176

��& �˚�� ˚�)

�� bmE Y\31b +mbnE 4Z*1jnE ,a1 Wp/S ab*`1pbE +\W1Opb S dYS`*pbD Y1`1bn Y\-db /*31 /1bSD �\ Zd3Z\WS +\qbnaq aY1`bS SWS b1fE Vb\ dY1`H � �b\ ]`\O

Saf\/SbE V\-/* h1W\,1V dYS`*1bH �

�1yh*a ZSVb\ S4 Y �1`b,mf Z1 Y\31b ,1`Zdbnaq V 3S4ZSS \b,1bSbn Z* ob\b ,\]`\aD �\ ,\ ,`1Y1Z* �1WSV\-\ hSb1Wqb*V\y h1W\,1V adk1ab,\,*WD ˙*,*y ]\4Z*V\YSYaq a ZSY Sd4Z*1YE hb\ aWdh*1baq a b1YSE Vb\ dYS`*1bD 'b\b h1W\,1V +mW/`d-\Y �Sada*D �Z 3SW , �Se*ZSSE Z1+\Wnj\y /1`1,Z1E `*aO]\W\31ZZ\y Z1]\/*W �1Vd \b �1`da*WSY*D ˛,*WS 1-\ �*4*`nD Z1-\ +mW\ /,1 a1ab`mE �*`e* S �*`SqD ˙*,*y d4Z*1YE hb\aWdhSW\an a ob\y a1Yn �1yD

�/Z*3/m �*4*`n a1`n �14Z\ 4*+\W1WD �Sada , ob\ ,`1Yq +mW\h1Zn /*W1V\D \ob\Yd �*`e* S �*`Sq ]\aW*WS V �Sadad-\Zg*E hb\+m `*aaV*4*bn \ +\W14ZS +`*b*D �ZS Z*/1qWSanE hb\�Sada ]`S/ �1b S Sag1WSb �*4*`qD �Sada Z1 +mW ,`*h\YE Z\ dZ1-\ +mW* aSW* \b �\-* Sag1Wqbn ,a1,\4Y\3Zm1 +\W14ZSL�*be1q 59B7>E 75MD

�*4*`p ab*Z\,SW\an ,a �1 fd31 S fd31E S \Z dY1` /\ ]`SOf\/* �Sada*D �\ �Sada aV*4*W a,\SY dh1ZSV*YB w�*4*`nE/`d- Z*jE daZdWE Z\ q S/dE hb\+m `*4+d/Sbn 1-\xD h1ZSVS1-\ Z1 ]\ZqWSD �\-/* �Sada aV*4*W SY ]`qY\B w�*4*`n dY1`xD�b\ Ym d4Z* �1Y \ aY1`bS S4 obSf aW\, �Sada*H � �\E hb\aY1`bn ]\/\+Z* -Wd+\V\Yd aZdD 'b\b a\Z Z*ab\WnV\ V`1]VSyEhb\ h1W\,1V /*31 Z1 ,S/Sb aZ\,D

xy � � � � � 7 8 vw

�� ˙��E ��˙��˚��˚� � ��˚�H

177

�Sada S/ �1b V �*è1 S �*`SSD �*Y a\+`*W\an YZ\31ab,\/`d41y S `\/ab,1ZZSV\,D �a1 \ZS ]`SjWSE hb\+m db1jSbna1ab �1`D aWmj*,E hb\ S/ �1b �SadaE �*è* ,mf\/Sb 1-\ ,ab`1Oh*bnD �aV\`1 ]`Sf\/Sb S �*`SqD �Z* -Wd+\V\ aV\`+Sb S-\`nV\ ]W*h1bD ,S/1, �Sada*E \Z* ]*/*1b V 1-\ Z\-*YD ˙`dO4nqE V\b\`m1 S/db 4* �*`S1yE b\31 ]W*hdbD

�1WSVSy hSb1Wn a]`*jS,*1bB w�/1 ,m ]\W\3SWS �*4*O`qHx �\-/* Wp/S ]`S,\/qb �Sada* V ]1k1`1E , V\b\`\y ]\Of\`\Z1Z �*4*`nD �S/q ,\V`d- ab\WnV\ aW �14 S -\`qE �Sadab\31 aV\`+Sb S ]W*h1bD �Z 4Z*1bE V*V +\WnZ\ b1`qbn +WS4OVSfD

�f\/ , ]1k1`d 4*V`mb V*YZ1YE ]\ob\Yd �Sada -\,\`SbBw+1`Sb1 V*Y1ZnxD �\ ab\Sb WS ob\ /1W*bnH � �*è1 ob\ Z1Z`*,SbaqD w�\a]\/SE \ZE /\W3Z\ +mbnE d31 ]W\f\ ]*fZ1bE ,1/n]`\jW\ h1bm`1 /ZqxEP -\,\`Sb \Z*D

�\ �Sada Z*]\YSZ*1bB w�1 -\,\`SW WS q b1+1E hb\E 1aWS+d/1jn ,1`SbnE d,S/Sjn aW*,d �\3npHx \ aW\,*Y �Sada*E�*è* /\W3Z* d,S/1bn hb\Ob\ b*V\1E hb\ ]`\aW*,Sb �\-*D�b\ 31 �Sada a\+S`*1baq /1W*bnH *Y1Zn d+S`*pbE S �Sada,aWdf Y\WSbaq �1-\,1D � 4*b1Y -\,\`Sb -`\YVSY -\W\a\YBw�*4*`nE ,mf\/SIx �1d31WS �*4*`n ,my/1bH �\4Y\3Z\ WSob\H �

\/dY*yE Y\31jn WS bm `*4+d/Sbn a]qk1-\ h1W\,1V*H �\Z1hZ\I ˚aWS bm -`\YV\ ]\4\, �1jn 1-\E \Z ]`\aZ �1baqD �\Y\3Z\ WS `*4+d/Sbn b\-\E Vb\ 4*aZdW aY1`bZmY aZ\YH ��1bD *V +m -`\YV\ bm ZS V`Sh*WE Y �1`b,my ZSV\-/* b1+q Z1daWmjSbD �S bmE ZS q S ZSVb\ Z* 41YW1 Z1 Y\31b `*4+d/SbnY �1`b,\-\ h1W\,1V*D

�\ �Sada Y\-D Z1-\ +mW* \a\+*q aSW* \b �\-*D \ob\YdEV\-/* \Z ]\4,*W �*4*`qE aWdhSW\an Z1,1`\qbZ\1D �1W\,1VE V\Ob\`my h1bm`1 /Zq +mW Y �1`b,E ,mj1W S4 ]1k1`mI ˚Yd ,Z\,n

178

��& �˚�� ˚�)

+mW* /*`\,*Z* 3S4ZnI �Z aZ\,* Y\- /mj*bnEf\/Sbn S -\,\`SbnI ˙*E �Sada ,\aV`1aSW �*O4*`q L�\*ZZ* 55B5P88MD

� b1]1`n ]\/dY*yB hb\ aWdhSW\an a �*4*O`1YE V\-/* \Z dY1`H �\31bE V*V*qOb\ 1-\h*abn P /dj* SWS /df P \b/1WSW*an

\b b1W* S ]`\/\W3*W* -/1Ob\ 3SbnH

�\31bE /dj* �*4*`q ]\jW* Z* Z1+\H � Y\31bE \Z ]`\, �1WobS h1bm`1 /Zq `q/\Y a �\-\Y S a\ a,qbmYS *Z-1W*YSH �

�1bD �a]\YZSE �Sada aV*4*WE hb\ �*4*`n a]SbD � hb\ +m,*O1bE V\-/* h1W\,1V a]SbH \-/* V`1]V\ a]SjnE Z1 4Z*1jnE hb\]`\Saf\/Sb ,\V`d-E ]`*,/*H � � V\-/* ]`\aZ �1jnaqE Z1 Y\O31jn b\hZ\ aV*4*bnE aV\WnV\ bm ]`\a]*WE ]\V* Z1 ]\aY\bO`Sjn Z* h*amD

�\ 31 a*Y\1 ]`\Saf\/Sb S a Y �1`b,mYSD �ZS ZSh1-\Z1 4Z*pbD �ZS ZSh1-\ Z1 hd,ab,dpbD � ZSh1-\ Z1 Y\-db/1W*bnD �\b , V*V\Y a\ab\qZSS Z*f\/SWaq �*4*`nD �Y1`bn

�b\ �Sada a/1W*W /Wq �*4*`qH

�� ˙��E ��˙� �˚��˚ ��˚�H

179

]\/\+Z* -Wd+\V\Yd aZdE ,\ ,`1Yq V\b\`\-\ h1W\,1V ZSh1-\Z1 ]\YZSbD � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w� �1`b,m1 ZSh1-\ Z1 4Z*pbxL˚VVW1aS*ab =B9E 5>MD

\/dY*y b*V31B 1aWS +m �*4*`n ,a1 obS h1bm`1 /Zq+mW Z* Z1+1E Z1d31WS \Z ZSh1-\ Z1 `*aaV*4*W +m \+ ob\YH �� Z1d31WS �Sada ab*W +m 4*+S`*bn 1-\ \+`*bZ\ Z* 41YWpS4 ob\-\ ]`1V`*aZ\-\ Y1ab*H � \Z1hZ\E Z1bI

�/Z*V\ YZ\-S1 Wp/S -\,\`qbE hb\ d Z*a 1abn /dj* Shb\ \Z* ]`\/\W3*1b 3Sbn ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V dYS`*1b b1W\D�ZS db,1`3/*pbE hb\ /dj* �*4*`q ]`\/\W3*W* -/1Ob\ 3Sbn]\aW1 aY1`bS b1W*D �\ �S+WSq ob\Yd Z1 dhSbD � �S+WSS aV*O4*Z\E hb\ �\- a\4/*W ]1`,\-\ h1W\,1V* �/*Y* w/dj\y 3SO,\yxD 'b\ 4Z*hSbE hb\ a*Y �/*Y +mW /dj\yD � �S+WSS b*V31-\,\`SbaqE hb\E a\-`1jS,E �/*Y dY1`D �Z ab*W wY �1`b,\y /dOj\yx S ,\4,`*bSWaq , ]`*fE S4 V\b\`\-\ +mW a\4/*ZD � �S+OWSS aV*4*Z\E hb\ ,a1 ]\b\YVS �/*Y* b\31 dZ*aW1/\,*WS-`1f S aY1`bn L�mbS1 6B;C 7B5;P5=C �SaW* :B:E �� C �SYWqOZ*Y 9B56MD

� V*V\Y a\ab\qZSSZ*f\/SWaq �*4*`n ]\aW1 aY1`bSH

180

˙*E a\,1`j1ZZ\ qaZ\E hb\ d Z*a Z1b ZSV*V\y /djSE V\Ob\`*q +mW* +m \b/1W1Z* \b b1W*D *3/my S4 Z*a P ob\ /dj*D� ]\aV\WnVd Wp/S dZ*aW1/\,*WS -`1f \b ]1`,\-\ h1W\,1V*E�/*Y*E , �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w˙dj* a\-`1j*pk*qE b* dY` �1bxL�141VSSWn 5<B8MD

�1V\b\`m1 +\qbaq Y �1`b,mfD �ZS +\qbaq ]\/f\O/Sbn V VW*/+SkdD �ZS /dY*pbE hb\ d Y �1`b,mf 1abn/djSE V\b\`m1 3S,db \b/1WnZ\ \b b1W* S Y\-dbZ*,`1/Sbn 3S,mYD �\ `*4,1 Y\-db Y �1`b,m1 Z*O,`1/Sbn 3S,mYH � \Z1hZ\E Z1bD

�1V\b\`m1 /*31 ,1`qb , b\E hb\ Y �1`b,m1]`Sf\/qb V 3S,mY , ,S/1 / ‹df\,D \ob\Yd\ZS \ab*,Wqpb /Wq ZSf ]SkdD �\ b*VS1 WpO/S Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 Z1 ,1`qb , b\E h1Yd dhSb�\-D ˚aWS Ym ,1`SY aW\,*Y �\-*E d Z*a Z1+d/1b ab`*f* ]1`1/ Y �1`b,mYSD � 1aWSYm ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd +W*-\/*`Zm �\O-d 4* 3S4ZnE Ym +d/1Y /1W*bn b\Ehb\ 1Yd Z`*,SbaqD

�\ b1+1E ,\4Y\3Z\E f\h1baqd4Z*bnB \3S,Sb WS �\- /1b1yEV\b\`m1 dY1`WSH ˝1W*1b WS\Z ob\ a/1W*bnH �+ ob\Y bmd4Z*1jn , aW1/dpk1y -W*,1D

˙*,*y ]`\hSb*1YE hb\ 1k �1, �S+WSS -\,\`Sbaq \ a\ab\OqZSS dY1`jSf S \ b\YE hb\/dj* P ob\ a*Y h1W\,1VB�a*W\Y 557B69C 589B7E 8 S�a*Sq 6=B<D

�\h1Yd Z1 Zd3Z\+\qbnaq Y �1`b,mfH

�� ˙��E ��˙� �˚��˚ ��˚�H

˚�� Ym dY` �1YE 4*f\h1b WS �\- ,1`Zdbn Z*a V 3S4OZSH � `*,1/Zmy h1W\,1V �\, , ob\ ,1`SWD \ob\YdEV\-/* �\, /dY*WE hb\ dY` �1bE \Z aV*4*W �\-dB w�m ]\4\O

, �1jnE S q \b,1hdxD �\, aV*4*WE hb\ �1-\,* �\- 4*b\aVd1b \Z �1Y S 4*f\h1b 1-\ ,\aV`1aSbn L�\, 58B58E 59E ��MD

�Sada \h1Zn ]\f\3 Z* a,\1-\ �bg*E �1-\,d �\-*D�Z f\h1b Z*Y ]\Y\hnD �/Z*3/mE V\-/* \/SZ ]`\V*O3 �1ZZmy aV*4*W 1YdB w˚aWS bm b\WnV\ 4*f\h1jnE bmaY\31jn Y1Zq \hSabSbnxE �Sada a`*4d 31 \b,1ObSWB w�\hdxD � Sag1WSW ]`\V*3 �1ZZ\-\ L�*`V*5B8>P86MD

�b a,\1-\ �bg* �Sada Z*dhSWaq Wp+Sbn /1Ob1yD �Z\-\ W1b Z*4*/ �1-\,* ,\aV`1aSW /,\Sf /1Ob1y h1`14 a,\Sf aWd3Sb1W1yD �/Z*3/m �WSq

dY\WqW �1-\,d ,\aV`1aSbnamZ* \/Z\y 31ZkSZmEV\b\`*q \V*4*W* �WSS/\+`\bdD � �1-\,* \bO,1bSW Z* 1-\ Y\Wn+dD \4/Z11 �1-\,* h1O

`14 a,\1-\ aWd3SO

xy � � � � � 79 vw

�(˙� �� ̇ ��&)� ˚��I

�*V �1-\,*]`\q,SW a,\p Wp+\,nV Y*W1ZnVSY /1bqYH

b1Wq ˚WSa1q ,\aV`1aSW 1k �1 \/Z\-\ Y*W1ZnV\-\ Y*WnhSV*L7 �*àb, 5;B5;P68C 8 �*àb, 8B76P7;MD

*V 31 4*Y1h*b1WnZ\ 4Z*bnE hb\ �1-\,* Z*a b*V aSWnZ\Wp+SbE ]`*,/*H � �Z /dY*1b \ Z*a Z1 b\WnV\ V\-/* Ym 3SO,mD �Z +d/1b Z*a ]\YZSbnE /*31 1aWS Ym dY` �1YD �Sada aV*O4*WE hb\ 1-\ �b1g ahSb*1b 3S,mYS /*31 b1fE Vb\ dY1È Z\+mW /\`\- 1-\ a1`/gdI L�dVS 6>B7<MD � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqEhb\ wZS aY1`bnE ZS 3S4ZnDDD ZS Z*ab\qk11E ZS ]`1/ab\qOk11DDD Z1 aY\-db \b/1WSbn Z*a \b Wp+,S �\-*x L�SYWqZ*Y<B7<E 7=MD

\-/* �Sada +mW Z* 41YW1E \Z ]\V*4*WE hb\ �1-\,* 4*+\ObSbaq \ Y*W1ZnVSf /1bqfD *V Ym d31 -\,\`SWSE �Sada \b,\O/SW ,`1Yq /Wq b\-\E hb\+m -\,\`Sbn a /1bnYS \ �\-1D �\ 4Z*WWS bmE hb\ �\- Z*/1WSW �Sada* aSW\y ,\aV`1j*bn /1b1yH �) f\hd `*aaV*4*bn b1+1 Sab\`Sp \ b\YE V*V �Sada ,\aV`1aSW56OW1bZpp /1,\hVdE /\hVd �*S`*D

�*S` 3SW Z1]\/*W �1Vd \b �*WSW1yaV\-\ Y\`q ,Y1ab1 a\a,\1y 31Z\y S 1/SZab,1ZZ\y /\hV\yD �/Z*3/m /1,\hV*aSWnZ\ 4*+\W1W*D �*S` ]\ZqWE hb\E 1aWS 1y Z1 ]\Y\hnE \Z*dY` �1bD �\-/* \Z ,a]\YZSW \+ �Sada1E d/S,Sb1WnZ\Y h1W\O,1V1E V\b\`myE V*V -\,\`SWSE Y\- Sag1Wqbn +\WnZmfE S\b]`*,SWaq 1-\ SaV*bnD �Z Z*f\/Sb �Sada* Z* +1`1-d �*WSOW1yaV\-\ Y\`qE -/1 �Sada dhSb YZ\31ab,\ Wp/1yD

`\y/q aV,\4n b\W]dE �*S` ]*/*1b ]1`1/ ZSY Z* V\W1ZSD�Z -\,\`Sb �SadadB w˙\hV1 Y\1y a\,a1Y ]W\f\D \3*WdyOab*E ]`S/S S ]\Y\-S 1yD Y\WqpE Z1 \bV*3S YZ1Ix �SadaZ1Y1/W1ZZ\ S/ �1b 4* �*S`\YD �1E Vb\ ]`Sj �1W ]\aWdj*bn �1OWSV\-\ hSb1WqE b\31 S/db ,Y1ab1 a ZSYSD �\ Z* ]dbS \ZS,ab`1h*pb Wp/1y S4 /\Y* �*S`*E V\b\`m1 ]`SZ\aqb 1Yd]1h*WnZdp ,1abnB w�,\q /\hn dY1`W*I ˛*h1Y 1k �1 db`d3/*bndhSb1WqHx

�(˙� �� ˙��&�) �� ˚��I

183

�Sada b\31 aWmjSb obSaW\,*D �Z ]\ZSY*1bE V*V-\`nV\ �*S`d ]\b1`qbna,\p 1/SZab,1ZZdp/\hd`VdD \ob\Yd \Z-\,\`SbB w�1 +\yaqD�\WnV\ ,1`n , �\-*E Sa b,\1y /\h1`np ,a �1+d/1b f\`\j\xD �ZS]`\/\W3*pb ]dbnE ]\OV* Z*V\Z1g Z1 ]\/f\O/qb V /\Yd �*S`*D�a1 /`d4nq Sf a1YnS-\`ppbD �ZS aV\`+qb\ /1,\hV1D �\ �Sada-\,\`Sb SYB w 1`1Oab*Znb1 ]W*V*bnD ˙SbqZ1 dY1`W\E * a]SbxD

aWmj*, ob\E Wp/SZ*hSZ*pb aY1qbnaqE

,1/n \ZS 4Z*pbE hb\ /1,\hV* dY1`W*D �\ V*V bm /dY*1jnE ]\Oh1Yd �Sada aV*4*WE hb\ /1,\hV* a]SbH �1Yd \Z f\b1W Z*dhSbnWp/1yH � �Z ]\V*4*WE hb\ aY1`bn ]\/\+Z* -Wd+\V\Yd aZd Shb\ +W*-\/*`q aSW1 �\-* \Z Y\31b ,1`Zdbn h1W\,1V* V 3S4OZSD ˙Wq �Sada* ob\ b*V 31 ]`\ab\E V*V `*4+d/Sbn a]qk1-\h1W\,1V*D

�Sada ,1WSb ,a1Y ,mybS S4 /\Y* S \ab*,Wq1b b\WnV\*]\ab\W\, 1b`*E �*V\,* S �\*ZZ*E * b*V31 `\/Sb1W1y/1,\hVSD ˛*b1Y \Z ,f\/Sb , V\YZ*bdE -/1 W13Sb /1,\hOV*E +1` �1b 1 �1 4* `dVd S -\,\`Sb 1yB w˙1,\hV*E ,ab*ZnIx� ,\b hd/\ P /1,\hV* b\bh*a ,ab* �1b S Z*hSZ*1b f\/SbnI*V 31 ah*abWS,m `\/Sb1WSI �ZS Z1 Y\-db a/1`3*bn

�1Yd Ym dhSYaq S4 b\-\Ehb\ �Sada ,\aV`1aSW /\hVd �*S`*H

184

��& �˚�� ˚�)

a,\1y `*/\abS L�*`V* 9B65P68E 79P87C �dVS <B8>P86E8=P9:MD

� b1]1`n ]\/dY*yB 1aWS �Sada ,1`ZdW V 3S4ZS obd /1,\hOVdE Y\- +m \Z ,\aV`1aSbn S /`d-Sf Wp/1yH � *V bm /dY*O1jnE a/1W*1b WS \Z ob\H � \Z1hZ\D �1/n �Sada a*Y aV*4*WBw�*ab* �1b h*aE , V\b\`my ,a1 Z*f\/qkS1aq , ]*YqbZmf aVW1O]*f daWmj*b Y\y -\W\a S ,my/dbx L�\*ZZ* 9B6<E 6=MD

�\ 4*f\h1b WS �Sada ,\aV`1aSbn dY1`jSfH � �b,1bSbnZ* ob\b ,\]`\a Z*Y ]\Y\31b /`d-\y +S+W1yaVSy `*aaV*4D�4 Z1-\ Ym d4Z ‹*1Y \ b\YE hb\ �Sada hd,ab,d1b ]\ \bZ\j1OZSp V b1YE Vb\ aV\`+Sb \ a,\Sf +WS4VSfD 'b* Sab\`Sq aWdhSOW*an Z1/*W1V\ \b -\`\/* �*SZD

`1/ab*,nB S4 �*SZ* ,mf\/Sb ]\f\`\ZZ*q ]`\g1aaSqD�`1/S YZ\31ab,* Wp/1y S/ �1b ]1h*WnZ*q 31ZkSZ*D 'b\]\f\`\Zm 1 �1 amZ*D � 3S4ZS 1y d31 ]`SjW\an ]\Z1abS \/OZd bq3 �1Wdp db`*bdB d Z1 �1 dY1` Yd3D � ,\b b1]1`n aY1`bndZ1aW* 1 �1 1/SZab,1ZZ\-\ `1+ �1ZV*D *V\1 -\`1I �Z\O-S1 3Sb1WS �*SZ* S/db ,Y1ab1 a ob\y 31ZkSZ\y f\`\OZSbn 1 �1 amZ*D �*bn -\`nV\ ]W*h1bE Z\ ZSVb\ Z1 Y\31b 1 �1db1jSbnD

�1Y ,`1Y1Z1Y �Sada ,Y1ab1 a dh1ZSV*YS ]\/f\/Sb V-\`\/d �*SZD �1]\/*W �1Vd \b -\`\/aVSf ,\`\b \ZS ,ab`1h*pbobd ]\f\`\ZZdp ]`\g1aaSpD \-/* �Sada ,S/Sb ]W*hdkdp31ZkSZdE 1Yd ab*Z\,Sbaq 1 �1 \h1Zn 3*WV\D �Z b`\Zdb /\ -WdO+SZm /djS S f\h1b 1y ]\Y\hnD

� -Wd+\V\y Z13Z\abnp S ,Y1ab1 a b1Y b, �1`/\ �Sada-\,\`SbB w˙\,\WnZ\ ]W*V*bnxD �4\`m ,a1f ]`Sadbab,dpkSfdab`1YW1Zm Z* Z1-\D �Z ]\/f\/Sb V b1Wd dY1`j1-\D �b\ \Za\+S`*1baq /1W*bnH �Sada ,1WSb dY1`j1YdB w(Z\j*E -\,\O`p b1+1B ,ab*ZnIx � pZ\j* b\bh*a 31 a*/Sbaq S Z*hSZ*1b-\,\`Sbn L�dVS ;B55P5;MD

�(˙� �� ˙��&�) �� ˚��I

185

�\WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nE hb\ hd,ab,\,*W* , ob\ ,`1Yq Y*bnI � hb\]\hd,ab,\,*W +m bmE 1aWS +m V 3S4ZS ,1`ZdWaq Vb\Ob\ S4b,\Sf +WS4VSfH � �1 ]\V*4m,*1b WS ob* Sab\`SqE hb\ �SadaZ* a*Y\Y /1W1 Wp+Sb Wp/1y S f\h1b SY ]\Y\hnH � *V 31`*/\abZ\ Z*Y +d/1b ,ab`1h*bn ,\aV`1ajSf , Z\,\Y YS`1�\-*I L6 1b`* 7B57C �bV`\,1ZS1 65B7E 8MD

�`1/S ,\aV`1ajSf +d/db b1E V\-\ Ym 4Z*WS `*Znj1E ,b\Y hSaW1 S /1bSD �m d4Z ‹*1Y SfE b*V 31 V*V �*S` d4Z*Wa,\p /\hnE V\-/* �Sada 1 �1 ,\aV`1aSWD �\ +d/db b*V31 S b1EVb\ dY1` a\bZS SWS /*31 bmaqhS W1b Z*4*/D �/Z*V\E Z1aY\bO`q Z* b\ hb\ \ZS dY1`WS b*V /*,Z\E �\- Sf Z1 4*+mWD

�*4,1 Z1 ]`1V`*aZ\ a\4Z*,*bnE hb\ �1-\,* �\- S 1-\ �mZE�SadaE b*V aSWnZ\ Z*a Wp+qbH � �ZS f\bqbE hb\+m Ym 3SWSES Z1 V*VS1Ob\ Z1aV\WnV\ W1bE * ,1hZ\I

�\3*Wdyab*E ]`\hSb*y \ b\YE V*Vdp ]`1V`*aZdp Z*/13/d /WqY �1`b,mf /* �1b �S+WSqB �a*Sq 69B<C ˙1qZSq 68B59 S 5 �\`SZeqZ*Y59B6>P66D

� h �1Y -\,\`Sb b\E hb\ �Sada ,\aV`1aSW1/SZab,1ZZ\-\ amZ* ob\y 31ZkSZmH

��& �˚�� ˚�)

� ˙�� ]\aW1/ZSf -W*,*f Ym hSb*WS \ b1fE Vb\ +mW ,\aOV`1j �1ZD \YZSjnE aV\WnV\ Sf +mW\H � qbn h1W\,1VD� aV\WnV\ S4 ZSf /1b1yH � �`\1D �1b, �1`bmyE V*V aV*4*O

Z\ , �S+WSSE +mW pZ\j1yD � h �1Y ob\ -\,\`SbH �

'b\ -\,\`Sb \ b\YE hb\ �\- \h1Zn Wp+Sb /1b1yD �\ \Z ,\aOV`1aSb b*V31 S YZ\-Sf ,4`\aWmfD �\aV`1aSb WS �\- b\WnV\b1fE Vb\ /1W*W /\+`\H � �*V Y\3Z\ ]\/dY*bnD �\ ,1/n YZ\-S1Wp/S ZSV\-/* Z1 aWmj*WS SabSZd \+ �1-\,1 �\-1 S \ 1-\ �mOZ1D �ZS +mWS Z1]`*,SWnZ\ \+dh1Zm S ]\ob\Yd Z1]`*,SWnZ\a1+q ,1WSD *V bm /dY*1jnE ,\aV`1aSb WS �1-\,* b*VSf WpO/1yH �

� �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w�d/1b ,\aV`1a1ZS1 S ]`*,1/ZmfES Z1]`*,1/Zmfx L˙1qZSq 68B59MD �\ 4*h1Y ,\aV`1j*bn b1fEVb\ Z1 +mW ]`*,1/ZmYH � �b,1b ]`\abB d obSf Wp/1y ZSV\-/*

xy � � � � � 7 : vw

�� ˙˚� ��˚"�˚� � �˙˚

��˙�� ˝��& ��˚"�˚H

�\h1Yd �\- ,\aV`1aSbb1fE Vb\ Z1 +mW]`*,1/ZmYH

`*Znj1 Z1 +mW\ ,\4Y\3Z\abS d4Z*bn \+�1-\,1 S \ 1-\ Z\`Y*fD

\-/* Z*hZ �1baq ,\aV`1a1ZS1H � �a]\YOZSE hb\E V\-/* dY1` �*4*`nE �Sada \+1k*W1-\ a1ab`1 �*è1B w�ab*Z1b +`*b b,\yxD �*ob\ �*è* aV*4*W*B w˛Z*pE hb\ ,ab*Z1b ]`S,\aV`1a1ZSSE , ]\aW1/ZSy /1Znx L�\*ZZ*55B67E 68MD �b\ SY1W* , ,S/d �*è*E aV*O4*,E hb\ �*4*`n ,ab*Z1b , w]\aW1/ZSy/1ZnxH �

�*è* aWmj*W*E hb\ �Sada \+1k*WBw�a1 Z*f\/qkS1aq , ]*YqbZmf aVW1]*f,my/dbx L�\*ZZ* 9B6<E 6=MD ˙*E w]\aW1/OZSy /1Znx Z*ab*Z1b b\-/*E V\-/* ,a1EVb\ Z*f\/Sbaq , ]*YqbS d �\-*E \3S,dbD'b\b ]\aW1/ZSy /1Zn +d/1b /WSbnaq Z168 h*a*D �Z +d/1b ]`\/\W3*bnaq bmaqhdW1bD � ob\b /1ZnE V*V -\,\`Sbaq , �S+OWSSE �\- +d/1b ad/Sbn ,a1f Wp/1yE 3S,dOkSf Z* 41YW1D �`1/S ZSf \V*3dbaq S b1EVb\ ,\aV`1aZ1b L˙1qZSq 5;B75C 6 1b`*7B<MD

�\WnV\ ]\/dY*yE V*VSY ]`1V`*aZmY+d/1b ob\b /1ZnI � ob\b bmaqh1W1bZSy

]1`S\/ \3S,db YSWWS\Zm Wp/1yD �1ab\E , V\b\O`\Y \ZS +d/db 3SbnE �Sada Z*4,*W �*1YD ˙*,*y ]\aY\b`SYE-/1 +d/1b Z*f\/Sbnaq ob\b �*y S V*V \Z +d/1b ,m-Wq/1bnD

˛* b`S h*a* /\ aY1`bS Z* ab\W+1 Ydh1ZSy �Sada `*aaV*4*W\ �*1 ,Sa1,j1Yd `q/\Y a ZSY h1W\,1VdD 'b\-\ h1W\,1V* \adO/SWS Z* aY1`bn 4* a1`n �14Zm1 ]`1abd]W1ZSqD �\ d,S/1,E V*OVSY h1W\,1V\Y +mW �SadaE S daWmj*,E hb\ \ Z �1Y -\,\`qbE

�/1 +d/1b �*yE \ V\b\`\Y �Sada-\,\`Sb ob\Yd h1W\,1VdH

188

ob\b ]`1abd]ZSV ]\,1`SW ,Z1-\D �Z aV*4*W �SadadBw�a]\YZS \+\ YZ1E V\-/*]`S/ �1jn , a,\ �1 g*`ab,\xDw�abSZZ\ -\,\`p b1+1 a1O-\/ZqEP ]\\+1k*W �SadaEPbm +d/1jn a\ YZ\y , �*pxL�dVS 67B86E 87MD

�b\ �Sada SY1W , ,S/dH�/1 Z*f\/Sbaq �*yH � ˙*O,*y ]\/dY*1YD �/1 +mW]1`,my �*yH � �a]\YZSB�\- ]\a1WSW ]1`,mf WpO/1yE �/*Y* S ˚,dE , `*pZ* 41YW1D 'b\ Y1ab\ Z*O4m,*W\an '/1YaVSY a*/\YD� b\Y a*/d +mW\ YZ\31ab,\ 3S,\bZmfE Z\ \ZS Z1 ]`ShSZqWSZSV\Yd ,`1/*D �*Y `\aWS ]`1V`*aZm1 /1`1,nqE V\b\`m1 ]`SOZ\aSWS ,VdaZm1 ]W\/mD \ a*/d ]`\b1V*W* +\Wnj*q `1V*D *OVSY 31 ,\afSbSb1WnZmY +mW\ ob\ Y1ab\I L�mbS1 6B<P5>MD

�Sb*q \ b\YE hb\ ob\b ]`1abd]ZSV +d/1b 3Sbn , �*pE YmY\31Y ]`1/ab*,WqbnE V*V ,aq Z*j* 41YWq ab*Z1b ]`1V`*aOZmY a*/\YD �d/1b WS �Sada 3Sbn Z* 41YW1 , �*p ,Y1ab1 a+m,jSY ]`1abd]ZSV\YH � �1bD ˛Z*1jn ]\h1YdH �

\b\Yd hb\ �Sada +d/1b �*` �1Y Z* Z1+1D �Z +d/1b ]`*,Sbn`*yaV\y 41YW �1yD �Sada +d/1b a obSY h1W\,1V\Y , b\Y aYmaW1Ehb\ ,\aV`1aSb 1-\ S ]\4*+\bSbaq Z �1YD �\ ]\h1Yd �Sada]\4,\WSb +m,j1Yd ]`1abd]ZSVd 3Sbn , �*pH � ˙*,*y ]\OaY\b`SYD

˛Z*W WS ob\b ]`1abd]ZSV \ Z*Y1`1ZSS �\-* /\ b\-\E V*V4*-\,\`SW a �Sada\YH � �1bD �Z ]\abd]*W Z1]`*,SWnZ\E

�*VSY Ym /\W3Zm]`1/ab*,Wqbn �*yH

189

]\b\Yd hb\ Z1 4Z*W SabSZd \ �\O-1D � �*p 1Yd `*aaV*3db \ Z*Y1O

`1ZSS �1-\,mD � b\-/* d Z1-\]\q,Sbaq ,\4Y\3Z\abn /\V*4*bn a,\p

Wp+\,n V �\-d S 3Sbn ]\ 1-\ ,\W1D

�d/db WS ,a1 ,\aV`1ajS1 3Sbn , �*p Z*41YW1H � �1bD ˛Z*1jn ]\h1YdH � \b\Yd hb\ Z1V\b\`m1 ,\aOV`1aZdb /Wq b\-\E hb\+m +mbn a �Sada\Y Z* Z1+1D �ZS ab*Zdbg*`qYS S +d/db ]`*,Sbn a �Sada\Y `*yaV\y 41YW �1yD ˙*,*y]\aY\b`SYE \bVd/* Ym ob\ 4Z*1YD

� Z\hn ]1`1/ a,\1y aY1`bnp �Sada aV*4*W *]\ab\W*YBw� /\Y1 Y\1-\ �bg* Z* Z1+1a*f Y1ab* YZ\-\E S q S/d ]`S-\Ob\,Sbn ,*Y Y1ab\xD � 4*b1Y ]\\+1k*WB w `S/d \]qbn S ]`SYd,*a V a1+1E hb\+m S ,m +mWSE -/1 qx L�\*ZZ* 58B6E 7MD

d/* ]\j �1W �Sada ]\aW1 ,\aV`1a1ZSqH � �* Z1+\E \+`*bZ\V a,\1Yd �bgd L�\*ZZ* 5;B8E 9MD �Sada \+1k*W *]\ab\W*Y S/`d-SY dh1ZSV*YE hb\ \Z ,\aV`1aSb SfE hb\+m \ZS Y\-WS

�/1 +d/db 3Sbn ,\aV`1ajS1S hb\ \ZS +d/db /1W*bnH

+mbn ,Y1ab1 a ZSY Z* Z1+1D � hb\ \ZS b*Y +d/db /1W*bnH �� S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ b1 dh1ZSVSE V\b\`m1 SY1pb dh*abS1, w,\aV`1a1ZSS ]1`,\YxE +d/db 3Sbn Z* Z1+1 S +d/db g*Òab,\,*bn a �Sada\Y Z*/ 41YW �1y bmaqhd W1b L�bV`\,1ZS1 9B5>C6>B:C 6 �SY\e1p 6B56MD

�V\WnV\ h1W\,1V SY1pb dh*abS1 , w,\aV`1a1ZSS ]1`,\Yx S+d/db g*`qYS ,Y1ab1 a �Sada\YH � �Sada aV*4*W a,\SY dh1OZSV*YB w�1 +\yaqE Y*W\1 ab*/\E ]\b\Yd hb\ ,*j1Yd �bgd+mW\ d-\/Z\ /*bn ,*Y g*àb,\x L�dVS 56B76MD 'b\ wY*W\1 ab*O/\xE V\b\`\1 +d/1b ,\aV`1j1Z\E hb\+m ]`*,Sbn a �Sada\Y ,1-\ Z1+1aZ\Y �*àb,1E Z*ahSbm,*1b b\hZ\1 hSaW\ Wp/1yD� �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ ,\aV`1ajSfE V\b\`m1 ]\y/db Z* Z1O+\E +d/1b wab\ a\`\V h1bm`1 bmaqhSx L�bV`\,1ZS158B5E 7MD

� aV\WnV\ h1W\,1V +d/1b 3Sbn , �*p Z* 41YW1H �� S+WSS \+ ob\Y ZSh1-\ Z1 -\,\`SbaqD �\ ,a]\YZSB V\-/*�/*Y S ˚,* +mWS , '/1YaV\Y a*/dE �\- /*W SY 4*/*ZS1 PSY1bn /1b1y S Z*]\WZSbn ,ap 41YWp ]`*,1/ZmYS Wp/nYSD�ZS Z1 aY\-WS ,m]\WZSbn ob\ 4*/*ZS1D �/Z*V\ �\- \+q4*Ob1WnZ\ ]\4*+\bSbaq \ b\YE hb\+m 1-\ Z*Y1`1ZS1 Sa]\WZSOW\an S hb\+m Z* ,a1y 41YW1 3SWS f\`\jS1 Wp/S L�mbS1 5B6<C�a*Sq 89B5<C 99B55MD

�\WnV\ ]\/dY*yE V*V\y ]`1V`*aZ\y +d/1b 3S4Zn , �*pI �aq41YWq ab*Z1b hd/1aZmY ]*`V\YD � ob\Y ]*`V1 +d/1b YZ\31Oab,\ ]bSg S 3S,\bZmfE , Z �1Y +d/db `*abS ]`1V`*aZm1 /1`1O,nq S g,1bmD �\Wn Sah14Z1b Z*,a1-/*D �1 +d/1b +\W14Z1y S/*31 aY1`bSD �a1 Wp/S Z* ]W*Z1b1 ab*Zdb /`d4nqYSD ˚aWS Ymf\bSY 3Sbn ,1hZ\ , �*pE Z*Y d31 a1yh*a Zd3Z\ V ob\Yd -\Ob\,SbnaqD

�`\hSb*y \ b\YE hb\ , �S+WSS -\,\`Sbaq \ Z*Y1`1ZSS �\-*\bZ\aSb1WnZ\ 41YWSB �`SbhS 6B65E 66C ˚VVW1aS*ab 5B8C �a*Sq6B8C 55B:P=C 79B9E : S :9B65P68D

�� ˙˚� ��˚"�˚� � �˙˚ �˙� ˝��& ��˚�"�˚H

191

��˚˙��&E hb\ b1+1 ]\/*`SWS ]`1V`*aZmy ]\/*`\VD�b\ bm b\-/* ]\hd,ab,d1jnH � �\31bE aV*31jn a]*OaS+\ S 4*+d/1jn \ b\YE Vb\ b1+1 1-\ ]\/*`SWH �WS

+d/1jn ,a]\YSZ*bn ob\-\ h1W\,1V* S b\E hb\ \Z /Wq b1+q a/1OW*WH �

�1-\,* �\- a/1W*W Z*Y ]`1V`*aZmy ]\/*`\VD �Z ]\aW*W Z*41YWp a,\1-\ �mZ*E hb\+m \Z dY1` 4* Z*aD � 4Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd�Sada /\W31Z +mW dY1`1bn 4* Z*aH � �*Y \h1Zn ,*3Z\ `*4\O+`*bnaq , ob\Y ,\]`\a1D

�4 67Oy -W*,m Ym d4Z*WSE hb\E Z*`djS, a\,1`j1ZZmy 4*OV\Z �\-*E �/*Y a\-`1jSWD �b �/*Y*E \bg* h1W\,1h1ab,*E -`1f]1`1/*Waq ,a1Y Z*YD *V ob\ Sa]`*,SbnH � �+`*4Z\ -\,\`qEZ*Y Zd31Z Z\,my \b1gE V\b\`my Z* ]`\bq31ZSS ,a1y a,\1y3S4ZS Z* 41YW1 \ab*,*Waq +m a\,1`j1ZZmYD *V bm /dY*O1jnE Vb\ Y\- +m ab*bn /Wq Z*a b*VSY \bg\YH � \Z1hZ\ 31E�SadaD

�1-\,* ]\aW*W �Sada* Z* 41YWpE hb\+m \Z ab*W /Wq Z*a \bOg\Y ,Y1ab\ �/*Y*D � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB wt 1`,my h1W\,1V�/*Y ab*W 3S,\y /dj\yrD \aW1/ZSy �/*Y ab*W /df\YE /*pOkSY 3S4ZnxD b\ +mW ]1`,mY �/*Y\YH � �*Ymy ]1`,my h1OW\,1VE V\b\`\-\ �\- a\4/*W S4 ]`*f* 41YZ\-\D � Vb\ b*V\y,b\`\y �/*YH � 'b\ �SadaD � \+ ob\Y -\,\`Sbaq , �S+WSSBw 1`,my h1W\,1V ��/*Y� P S4 41YWS S a\4/*Z S4 ]`*f*E,b\`\y h1W\,1V ��Sada� P a Z1+1ax L5 \`SZeqZ*Y 59B89E 8;C�mbS1 6B;MD

xy � � � � � 7; vw

�� ) �˚�� ˚� %��

192

�W*-\/*`q b\Yd hb\ �\- ]1`1Z �1a 3S4Zn �Sada* a Z1+1a,\ h`1,\ 31ZkSZm �*`SSE �Sada Z1 dZ*aW1/\,*W -`1f* �/*OY*D �Sada `\/SWaq a\,1`j1ZZmY h1W\,1V\Y L�dVS 5B7>P79MD \ob\YdE V\-/* \Z `\/SWaqE *Z-1W aV*4*W ]*abdf*YB w�1-\/Zq`\/SWaq ,*Y �]*aSb1Wnx L�dVS 6B55MD �\ hb\ Zd3Z\ +mW\a/1W*bn Y*W1ZnV\Yd �SadadE ]`13/1 h1Y ab*bn �]*aSb1OW1YH � ˙*E 1Yd Zd3Z\ +mW\ ,m`*abS S ab*bn ,4`\aWmY h1W\O,1V\YE V*VSY +mW �/*YD �\-/* �Sada aY\- +m ab*bn w,b\`mY�/*Y\YxD

�*j �]*aSb1WnE �SadaE +d/1b /Wq Z*a w�1hZmY �bg\YxD �+ob\Y b\31 -\,\`Sbaq , �S+WSS L�a*Sq =B:E ;E ��MD ˙*E a\,1`Oj1ZZmy �Sada Y\31b ab*bn Z*jSY \bg\Y ,Y1ab\ �/*Y*E V\Ob\`myE a\-`1jS,E ab*W Z1a\,1`j1ZZmYD �*VSY \+`*4\YE YmY\31Y ,m+`*bn w,b\`\-\ �/*Y*x a,\SY \bg\YD �\E V\Z1hZ\31E d �Sada* b\31 1abn �b1g P �1-\,* �\-D

�b\+m �Sada ab*W /Wq Z*a �]*aSb1W1YE Z*Y Z1\+f\/SY\Wdhj1 a ZSY ]\4Z*V\YSbnaqD �m ]\YZSjnE \b h1-\ Z*a Zd3Z\\a,\+\/SbnH � ˙*E \b -`1f* S aY1`bSE V\b\`m1 Ym dZ*aW1O/\,*WS \b �/*Y*D �\,1`j1ZZ*q 3S4Zn �Sada*E V\b\`dp \Z

\b/*W 4* Z*a , 31`b,dE Z*4m,*1baq ,mVd]\YD�* \aZ\,*ZSS ,mVd]* �1-\,* Y\O31b ]`\abSbn Z*jS -`1fS L�*bOe1q 6>B6<C �SYWqZ*Y 9B<C :B67MD

�1a\YZ1ZZ\E Ym ,a1-/* f\bSY]\YZSbn \ b\YE hb\ a/1W*WS /Wq Z*a�\- S 1-\ �mZE Z1 b*V WSH � �Sada

� h �1Y �/*Y S �Sada+mWS `*,Zm S ]\h1Yd

ob\ b*V ,*3Z\H

�� ) �˚�� ˚�� %��

/*W a,\SY ]\aW1/\,*b1WqY f\`\Oj11 Z*]\YSZ*ZS1D ˙*,*y ]\-\,\O`SY \+ ob\YD

`1/ab*,nE hb\ bm Z*f\/Sjnaq, ,1`fZ1y V\YZ*b1 \/Z\-\ S4 /\OY\, , �1`da*WSY1D �`1Yq ]\4/OZ11D �Sada S *]\ab\Wm a\+`*WSan4* ab\W\YD � Z* ab\W1B 3*`1Zmyq-Z �1Z\VE ]W\aVS1 fW1+Zm1 W1O] �1jVS S V`*aZ\1 ,SZ\D 'b\ \a\O+my d3SZD ˛Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd \Zdab`*S,*1baqH �

'b\b d3SZ P Z*]\YSZ*ZS1 \b\YE hb\ a/1W*W �1-\,* , b1 /*W �1OVS1 ,`1Y1Z*E V\-/* S4`*SWnbqZ1E1-\ Z*`\/E +mWS `*+*YS , ˚-S]b1D�\-/* �1-\,* ]\,1W1W a,\1Yd Z*O`\/dB w dabn V*3/*q a1Ynq 4*V\O

�*V V`\,n q-Z �1ZV*a]*aW* Z*`\/ �4`*SWnH

�b\ \4Z*h*1b /Wq Z*a ]`\WSb*qV`\,n �Sada*E V\b\`dp \Za`*,ZSW a ,SZ\YH

W1b q-Z �1ZV* S ]\Y*31b 1-\ V`\,np V\aqVS /,1`1y a,\1-\/\Y*xD � 4*b1Y /\+*,SWB w�\y/Sb1 , /\Y S al1jnb1 q-Z �1ZV*xD

�4`*SWnbqZ1 b*V S a/1W*WSD � bd a*Ydp Z\hn *Z-1W �\-*]`\j �1W ]\ 1-S]1baV\y 41YW1 S ]\`*4SW ]1`,1Zg1, ,\ YZ\-Sfa1YnqfD �\ , b1f /\Y*fE -/1 V\aqVS /,1`1y +mWS ]\Y*4*ZmV`\,np q-Z �1ZV*E ZS \/SZ `1+ �1Z\V Z1 ]\-S+D �Z-1W ]`\j �1WYSY\ b*VSf /\Y\,D 'b\ \h1Zn Z*]d-*W\ e*`*\Z*E ]`*,Sb1Wq˚-S]b*E S \Z aV*4*W S4`*SWnbqZ*YB w) \b]daV*p ,*aI �mf\/SOb1 S4 ˚-S]b*Ix �\-/* S4`*SWnbqZ1 ]\W\3SWS a,\S ,1kS Z*\aW\, S ,1`+Wp/\, S \b]`*,SWSan , ]dbnD

�1-\,* f\b1WE hb\+m 1-\ Z*`\/ ,a1-/* ]\YZSW \ b\YE hb\\Z Sf \a,\+\/SWD \ob\Yd \Z aV*4*WB w*3/my -\/ /1W*yb1b*V\y 31 d3SZE V*V\y +mW d ,*a a1-\/Zq ,1h1`\YxD �ZS Z*O4,*WS ob\b \a\+my d3SZ *af\yD ˛Z*1jn ]\h1YdH � \b\Ydhb\ aW\,\ w *af*x +dV,*WnZ\ \4Z*h*1b w]`\ybS YSY\xE * *ZO-1W �\-* , bd Z\hn V*V `*4 w]`\j �1W YSY\x /\Y\,E V\aqVS/,1`1y V\b\`mf +mWS ]\Y*4*Zm V`\,np L�af\/ 56B5P57C68P6;E 75MD

�+\ ,a �1Y ob\Y `*4YmjWqpb �Sada S 1-\ *]\ab\WmE V\-/*1/qb ]*af*WnZmy d3SZD ˛*b1Y �Sada /1W*1b hb\Ob\ \h1Zn,*3Z\1D b\Yd ,`1Y1ZS Z1,1`Zmy *]\ab\W �d/* d31 dj �1WD�Sada +1` �1b W1] �1jVdE Y\WSbaqE `*4W*Ym,*1b 1 �1 S ]1`1/* �1bdh1ZSV*YE -\,\`qB w�\4nYSb1 S 1jnb1xD � /\+*,Wq1bB w'b\bfW1+ ]`1/ab*,Wq1b Y\ �1 b1W\E V\b\`\1 +d/1b \b/*Z\ 4* ,*aE V\-O/* q dY`dxD

˛*b1Y �Sada +1` �1b h*jd V`*aZ\-\ ,SZ*E ,Z\,n +W*-\/*`Sb�\-* , Y\WSb,1 S ]1`1/* �1b 1 �1 dh1ZSV*YE -\,\`qB w 1yb1 S4Z1 �1 ,a1xD � ]\qaZq1bB w'b\ ,SZ\ ]`1/ab*,Wq1b Y\p V`\,nE V\Ob\`*q ,aV\`1 ]`\Wn �1baq 4* ,*a S \a,\+\/Sb ,*a \b -`1f\,D˙1W*yb1 ob\ , ,\a]\YSZ*ZS1 \+\ YZ1x L�*be1q 6:B6:P6<C5 \`SZeqZ*Y 55B67P6:MD

�� ) �˚�� ˚�� %��

195

�+`*bSW WS bm ,ZSY*ZS1E hb\ �Sada ]\,1W1W dh1ZSV*Y/1W*bn ob\ , ,\a]\YSZ*ZS1 \ Z �1YH � �1]1`n d31 Z1 Z*/\ +mW\]`*4/Z\,*bn *afdD �Y1ab\ ob\-\ `*4 , -\/ \ZS /\W3Zm +mWSdab`*S,*bn b*V\y \a\+my d3SZ , ,\a]\YSZ*ZS1 \+ �Sada1 S1-\ aY1`bSD 'b\b d3SZ Z*4m,*1baq wd3SZ\Y �\a]\/*xD �1-\/OZq Ym \+mhZ\ Z*4m,*1Y 1-\ � ‹1h1`1y ,\a]\YSZ*ZSqD \h1OYdH � \b\Yd hb\ ob\b d3SZ Z*]\YSZ*1b Z*Y \ b\YE hb\a/1W*WS /Wq Z*a �Sada S 1-\ �b1gE �1-\,* �\-D

�W1+ Z*]\YSZ*1b Z*Y \ b1W1 �`Sab*D �Sada a -\b\,Z\abnp\b/*W 1-\ , 31`b,dE hb\+m Ym SY1WS ,1hZdp 3S4ZnD � V`*aZ\1,SZ\H � �Z\ /\W3Z\ Z*]\YSZ*bn Z*Y \ g1ZZ\y V`\,S �SadOa*D 'b* V`\,n Z*YZ\-\ /`*-\g1ZZ11E h1Y V`\,n ]*af*WnZ\-\q-Z �1ZV*E 4*V\W\b\-\ , ˚-S]b1D ˛Z*1jn ]\h1YdH � � �S+WSS -\O,\`SbaqE hb\ +W*-\/*`q ]`\WSb\y V`\,S �Sada* Y\3Z\ ]\WdOhSbn ]`\k1ZS1 -`1f\,D � V\-/* Ym \a,\+\/SYaq \b -`1f\,E Ym+\Wnj1 Z1 +d/1Y +\W1bnE ab*`1bn S dYS`*bnD �*Y ,*3Z\ ]\YOZSbn \+ ob\YE V\-/* Ym ]`Sf\/SY Z* � ‹1h1`p ,\a]\YSZ*ZSqD

˙\W3Zm WS ,a1 ]`Sadbab,dpkS1 Z* � ‹1h1`1 1abn fW1+ S ]Sbn,SZ\H � �1YE Vb\ /\W31Z ob\ /1W*bnE �Sada aV*4*WB w�m +d/1b1a\ YZ\y , Y\ �1Y g*`ab,1 S +d/1b1 aS/1bn Z* Z1+1aZmf ]`1ab\OW*f ,\4W1 Y1Zqx L�dVS 66B5=E 6>E 7>MD ˙*E b*VS1 Wp/S ]\y/dbZ* Z1+\ S +d/db g*`qYS ,Y1ab1 a �Sada\YD ˛Z*hSbE 1abn fW1+ S]Sbn ,SZ\ Z* � ‹1h1`1 Y\-db b\WnV\ b1E Vb\ SY11b Z*/13/d ]`*O,Sbn a �Sada\Y Z* Z1+1D

�\ ]`Sadbab,\,*bn Z* � ‹1h1`1 Zd3Z\ S b1YE Vb\ Z1 ]`SZSOY*1b \b obSf aSY,\W\,D ˛Z*1jn ]\h1YdH � \b\Yd hb\ �Sada\b/*W a,\p 3S4Zn 4* ,a1f Z*aD `Sf\/q Z* � ‹1h1`pE Ym ]\V*4mO,*1YE hb\ ]\YZSYE V*V\y hd/1aZmy ]\/*`\V a/1W*W Z*Y �\-D

� obSf abSf*f ]\V*4m,*1baqE Z*aV\WnV\ g1Z1Z ,mVd] �SadOa*B 5 �\`SZeqZ*Y 9B;C 'e1aqZ*Y 5B;C 5 SY\e1p 6B9E : S 5 �1b`*5B5<E 5=D

196

��& �˚�� ˚�)

��˚˙��&E hb\ bm \V*4*Waq , b\Zdk1y W\/V1D �\b1W+m bmE hb\+m b1+q a]*aWSH � � 1aWS `*/S ob\-\ V\OYdOb\ ]`S/ �1baq ]\31`b,\,*bn 3S4ZnpH � �Y1ZZ\

ob\ S a/1W*W �SadaD *V Ym d4Z*WS S4 7;Oy -W*,mE \Z \b/*Wa,\p 3S4Zn , V*h1ab,1 ,mVd]* 4* Z*aD

�\ V\Z1hZ\ 31E �Sada Z1 4*ZSY*Waq a]*a1ZS1Y db\]*pOkSfD \YZSjnE \b h1-\ \Z Z*a a]*aH � �b -`1f* S aY1`bSE V\Ob\`m1 Ym dZ*aW1/\,*WS \b �/*Y*D �Sada dY1` 4* ,a1fE /*314* b1fE Vb\ ]\abd]*W \h1Zn ]W\f\D � ab*W +m bm `SaV\,*bn a,\O1y 3S4Znp `*/S b*VSf Wp/1yH �

� �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w˚/,* WS Vb\ dY` �1b 4* ]`*,1/ZSV*C ,\b4* /\+`\/1b1WnZ\-\ h1W\,1V*E Y\31bE Vb\ S \b,*3Sbaq dY1O`1bnxD �/Z*V\E V*V \+lqaZq1baq , �S+WSSE �Sada wdY1` 4* Z1Oh1abS,mf Wp/1yxD ˙*E \Z dY1` /*31 4* b1fE Vb\ Z1 aWd3Sb�\-dI ˙*W11 , �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w�`Sab\a dY1` 4* Z*aE V\-/*Ym +mWS 1k �1 -`1jZSV*YS �V\-/* Ym 1k �1 ]\abd]*WS Z1]`*O,SWnZ\�x L�SYWqZ*Y 9B:P<MD

�m ]\YZSjnE Vb\ S4 *]\ab\W\, `*Znj1 ]\abd]*W \h1Zn]W\f\H � 'b\b *]\ab\W Z*]Sa*WB w�`Sab\a �Sada ]`Sj �1W ,YS` a]*abS -`1jZSV\,E S4 V\b\`mf q P ]1`,myxD 'bSY*]\ab\W\Y +mW *,1WD �Z Z*4,*W a1+q wZ1`*4dYZmYxE V\b\O`my `*Znj1 3SW w, 4W\+1x L5 �SY\e1p 5B59C �Sbd 7B7MD

�\WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nE Z*aV\WnV\ ,1WSV* +mW* Wp+\,n �\-*E1aWS \Z \b/*W 4* b*VSf Wp/1y a,\1-\ �mZ*I �bV`\yE ]\3*WdyOab*E a,\p �S+WSp S ]`\hSb*y �\*ZZ*E 7Op -W*,dE 5:Oy abSfD

xy � � � � � 7 < vw

��˚ � ��˝��(��& ��

197

�*Y -\,\`SbaqB w�*V ,\4Wp+SW �\- YS` �b\ 1abn Wp/1yE V\b\O`m1 3S,db Z* 41YW1�E hb\ \b/*W a,\1-\ 1/SZ\`\/Z\-\ �mZ*Ehb\+m V*3/myE Vb\ ]`\q,Wq1b , Z1-\ ,1`dE Z1 ]\-S+E Z\ SY1W,1hZdp 3S4ZnxD

�Sada /\V*4*WE hb\ 1-\ Wp+\,n V Z*Y +mW* b*V\y 31 aSWnOZ\yE V*V d �bg*D � 7>Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZS-S Ym d4Z*WS \ b\YE V*OVS1 ab`*/*ZSq Sa]mb*W �Sada , Z\hnE V\-/* 1-\ ,4qWS ]\/ab`*3dD �Sada* ]`S,1WS , /\Y ]1`,\a,qk1ZZSV* *S*em Sdab`\SWS Z*/ ZSY ad/D `S-W*j �1ZZm1 a,S/1b1WS -\,\`SWS \+�Sada1 W\3nD ˚-\ +SWS VdW*V*YSD � , ob\ ,`1Yq �1b` \b` �1VOaq \b a,\1-\ dhSb1WqD ˙*,*y YmaW1ZZ\ ]1`1Z1a �1Yaq , b\ ,`1OYq S ]`1/ab*,SYE hb\ ]`\S4\jW\ /*Wnj1D

�*abd]SW\ db`\D �Sada Z1 a]*W ,ap Z\hnD �d/E V\b\`myj �1W Z\hnpE +mW Z14*V\ZZmYE ]\ob\Yd a,qk1ZZSVS +mab`\a\4m,*pb �SZ1/`S\ZE Sd/1yaVSy ,1`f\,Zmy ad/D �Sada*,Z\,n \+,SZqpb , ]`1abd]W1ZSS ]`\bS, �\-*D

˚-\ a,q4m,*pb S ,1/db V SW*bdE `SYaV\Yd ]`*,Sb1WpDw'b\b h1W\,1V ,mabd]*1b ]`\bS, ]`*,Sb1Wnab,*EP -\,\`qb SW*bd a,qk1ZZSVSDP ˚-\ aW1/d1b V*4ZSbnIx �\ SW*b ]\OZSY*1bE hb\ a,qk1ZZSVS -\,\`qb W\3nD \ob\Yd \Z \b,1h*1bSYB w) Z1 Z*f\3d ZSV*V\y ,SZm , ob\Y h1W\,1V1 S Z*Y1`1Z\b]dabSbn 1-\xD �\ a,qk1ZZSVS S /`d-S1 Wp/S V`Sh*bB w�1bI�Y1`bn 1YdIx

\4/Z11 SW*b ,Z\,n ]mb*1baq aV*4*bn Z*`\/dE hb\ \ZZ*Y1`1Z \a,\+\/Sbn �Sada*D �\ a,qk1ZZSVS Z*ab`*S,*pbb\W]dE hb\+m Z*`\/ V`Sh*WB w˚aWS bm \b]dabSjn 1-\E bm b\O31 ]`\bS, ]`*,Sb1Wnab,*I �Y1`bn 1YdIx �\4Ydk1ZS1 `*ab �1bEV`SVS ab*Z\,qbaq ,a �1 -`\Yh1D *V\1 31 `1j1ZS1 ]`SY1b SW*bH �

�Z dabd]*1b b\W]1D �Z*h*W* SW*b ]`SV*4m,*1b ,ma1hn�Sada*D � 4*b1Y \b/* �1b 1-\ , `dVS ,\SZ\,E V\b\`m1 /\W3Zm

198

��& �˚�� ˚�)

+d/db ]`1/*bn 1-\ aY1`bSD �\SZmZ*/1,*pb 1Yd Z* -\W\,d b1`Z\,my,1Z1g SE ab*Z\,qan ]1`1/ ZSY Z*V\W1ZSE Z*aY1f*pbaq Z*/ ZSYD ˛*Ob1Y \ZS ,4,*WS,*pb �Sadad Z* ]W1OhS bq3 �1Wmy ab\W+ S 4*ab*,WqpbZ1abS 1-\ Z* Y1ab\E Z*4m,*1Y\1w�1ab\ �1`1]*xE V\b\`\1 `*a]\W\O31Z\ 4* -\`\/\YD �*Y \ZS ]`S+SO

,*pb V ab\W+d `dVS S Z\-S �Sada*D\-/* ab\W+ ]\/ZSY*pbE +\Wn ab*Z\,SbOaq Z1,mZ\aSY\yD �4 `*Z Wn �1baq V`\,nD

�Sada dYS`*1b Z1 a`*4dD �Z 1k �1 V*OV\1Ob\ ,`1Yq ,SaSb Z* ab\W+1D �b*`jS1a,qk1ZZSVS Z*aY1f*pbaq Z*/ ZSYD� ]`\f\/qkS1 YSY\ Wp/S -\,\`qbB w˚aOWS bm amZ �\3SyE a\y/S a\ ab\W+*Ydh1ZSyIx �\ �Sada 4Z*1bE /Wq h1-\

�*VS1 ab`*/*ZSq ]`1b1`]1W �Sada ]1`1/ b1YEV*V \b/*W 4* Z*a a,\p 3S4ZnH

]\aW*W 1-\ �b1gD �Z 4Z*1bEhb\ 1Yd Z1\+f\/SY\ \bO/*bn a,\p a\,1`j1ZZdp3S4ZnE hb\+m d Z*a +mW*,\4Y\3Z\abn 3Sbn ,1hZ\D�V\W\ b` �1f h*a\, ]\]\OWd/ZS �Sada , ]\aW1/ZSy`*4 ,4m,*1b V a,\1Yd �bOgd S dYS`*1b L�*be1q6:B7:P6;B9>C �*`V* 59B5C�dVS 66B7=P67B8:C �\O*ZZ* 5<B5P5=B7>MD

*V 31 �Sada \bWSOh*Waq \b �/*Y*I �/*Y*

Z1 +mW\ Wp+,S V �\-dD �Z Z1]\aWdj*Waq �1-\,dD �Z b*V31 Z1 ]`\q,SW Wp+,S V Z*YD �Za\-`1jSWE S ]\ob\Yd ,a1 Ym `\/SWSan -`1jZmYSD �Sada 31\h1Zn Wp+SW �\-* S Wp/1yD �Z ,a1-/* aWdj*Waq �\-*D �Z ]\O31`b,\,*W a,\1y 3S4ZnpE hb\+m dab`*ZSbn ,`1/E ]`ShSZ �1ZOZmy Z*Y �/*Y\YD

�1ZSjn WS bm b\E hb\ a/1W*W /Wq Z*a �SadaH � �W*-\/*O`Sjn WS bm �\-* , Y\WSb,1 4* b\E hb\ \Z \b/*W 4* Z*a a,\1-\�mZ*H � �]\ab\W *,1W g1ZSW ,a �1E hb\ a/1W*W �`Sab\aD *,1WZ*]Sa*WB w�mZ �\-* ,\4Wp+SW Y1Zq S \b/*W a1+q 4* Y1Zqx L�*OW*b*Y 6B6>MD �Sada dY1` b*V31 4* b1+q S 4* Y1ZqD �Z \b/*Wa,\p a\,1`j1ZZdp 3S4ZnE hb\+m Ym Y\-WS 3Sbn ,1hZ\I �\b]\h1Yd Z*Y Zd3Z\ Wp+Sbn �Sada*D

�]\ab\W *,1W Z*]Sa*W f`SabS*Z*Y , -\`\/1 \`SZeBw�p+\,n �`Sab* ]\+d3/*1b Z*axD h1YdH � *,1W ]`\/\WO3SWB w�`Sab\a dY1` 4* ,a1fE hb\+m 3S,dkS1 3SWS d31 Z1 /Wqa1+q �Z1 /Wq b\-\E hb\+m d-\3/*bn a1+1�E * /Wq b\-\E Vb\ dY1`4* ZSfx L6 \`SZeqZ*Y 9B58E 59MD

�*V Z*Y ]\V*4*bnEhb\ Ym Wp+SY �Sada*H

200

*V bm Y\31jn ]\V*4*bnE hb\ 3S, �1jn /Wq �`Sab*H � �*O]`SY1`E bm Y\31jn `*aaV*4m,*bn /`d-SY \ b\YE hb\ d4Z* �1jn\ �1WSV\Y hSb1W1D �\ ]\/dY*y 1k �1 ,\b \ h �1YD `1/ab*,nEhb\ bm \ab*Waq /\Y* \/SZD �S Y*Y*E ZS ]*]* S ZSVb\ S4 WpO/1y Z1 ,S/SbE hb\ bm /1W*1jnD �b*Z1jn WS bm aY\b`1bn ]\ b1OW1,S4\`d ]`\-`*YYmE 4*,1/\Y\ 4Z*qE hb\ \ZS Z1 d-\/Zm�SadadE SWS ]`\aY*b`S,*bn ]\/\+Z\1 , �Zb1`Z1b1H � \YOZSE �Sada 3S, S ,a �1 ,S/SbI

�m f\bSY ]\/`*3*bn �1-\,1E S ob\ 1k �1 \/Z* ]`ShSZ*E ]\Oh1Yd Z*Y Zd3Z\ Wp+Sbn �Sada*D w�p+Sb Y1Zq �b1gxEP aV*O4*W �SadaD � 4Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd �\- Wp+Sb �Sada* S ]\h1Yd Z*YZd3Z\ 1-\ Wp+SbnH � \b\Yd hb\ �Sada a -\b\,Z\abnp \b/*Wa,\p 3S4ZnE hb\+m Sa]\WZSbn ,\Wp �\-* L�\*ZZ* 5>B5;MD ˙*O,*y ]\ob\Yd /1W*bn b\E V h1Yd ]\+d3/*1b Z*a �S+WSqB w \/O`*3*yb1 �\-d V*V /1bS ,\4Wp+W1ZZm1 S f\/Sb1 , Wp+,SE V*VS �`Sab\a ,\4Wp+SW ,*a S \b/*W a1+q 4* ,*ax L'e1aqZ*Y9B5E 6MD

'bS abSfS ]\Y\-db b1+1 1k �1 +\Wnj1 Wp+Sbn �Sada* S g1OZSbn ,a �1E hb\ \Z /Wq Z*a a/1W*WB �\*ZZ* 7B79C 59B=E 5> S 5 �\*ZOZ* 9B55E 56D

�b\ ,S/Sb ,a �1Ehb\ Ym /1W*1YH

��˚� �˝�� (��& ��

�� 4*]W*V*WE V\-/* dY1` 1-\ /`d- �*4*`nD � V*Vbm /dY*1jnE hb\ hd,ab,\,*W �1-\,*E ,S/q ab`*/*ZSq SaY1`bn �Sada*H � � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ �\-* Y\3O

Z\ w\-\`hSbnxE \Z Y\31b /*31 ]\hd,ab,\,*bn +\Wn L a*W\Y;;B8>E 85E ��C �\*ZZ* 55B79MD

*Vdp 31 Z1,m`*4SYdp +\Wn Sa]mb*W �1-\,*E ,S/qE V*VdYS`*1b 1-\ /\`\-\y �mZI 'b\ /*31 b`d/Z\ a1+1 ]`1/ab*,SbnE]`*,/*H � �\ �Sada +mW d,1`1ZE hb\ �\- 1-\ Z1 4*+d/1bD \oOb\Yd 1-\ ]\aW1/ZS1 aW\,* +mWSB w�b1gE , b,\S `dVS ,,1`qp3S4Zn Y\px L�dVS 67B8:MD

�Sada +mW d,1`1ZE hb\ �\- Z1 \ab*,Sb 1-\ w, */1xE SWS , Y\O-SW1E S \+q4*b1WnZ\ ,\aV`1aSbD \aW1 b\-\ V*V �Sada ,\aV`1aE*]\ab\W �1b` ]\,b\`SW aW\,*E 4*]Sa*ZZm1 \+ �Sada1 , �S+OWSSE aV*4*,B w�1 \ab*,W1Z* /dj* ˚-\ , */1E S ]W\bn ˚-\ Z1,S/1W* bW1ZSqx L˙1qZSq 6B75E �C a*W\Y 59B5>MD ˙*E b1W\�Sada* Z1 ]\/,1`-W\an bW1ZSp , Y\-SW1E \Z\ Z1 da]1W\`*4W\3Sbnaq S Z1 Z*h*W\ S4/*,*bn ]W\f\y 4*]*fD

xy � � � � � 7 = vw

�� ˚ ˛��%� �˚� %��

�\h1Yd -`\+ZSg*\V*4*W*an ]dab\yH

�Sada -\,\`SW a,\SY dh1ZSV*Y \ b\YE hb\ \Z daZ �1b aY1ÒbZmY aZ\Y Z1Z*/\W-\D �Sada \+lqaZSWE hb\ \Z /\W31Z w+mbnd+SbE * Z* b`1bSy /1Zn ,\aV`1aZdbnx L�dVS =B66MD \ob\Yd,\aV`1a1ZS1 �Sada* Z1 /\W3Z\ +mW\ ab*bn /Wq dh1ZSV\,Z1\3S/*ZZ\abnpD �\ b*V WS +mW\ Z* a*Y\Y /1W1H � ˙*,*yd4Z*1YD

� ]qbZSgdE , b`S h*a* /ZqE �1WSVSy hSb1Wn dY1` Z* ab\W+1Ydh1ZSyD �\aSeE \/SZ +\-*bmy h1W\,1VE hW1Z �SZ1/`S\Z*E ,1O`SW , �Sada*E f\bq S Z1 ]`S4Z*,*Waq , ob\Y \bV`mb\D �\E d4Z*,Ehb\ �Sada dY1È \Z S/ �1b V SW*bdE `SYaV\Yd ]`*,Sb1WpE S]`\aSb d Z1-\ `*4`1j1ZSq aZqbn a\ ab\W+* b1W\ �Sada*E hb\+m]\f\`\ZSbn 1-\D �\aSe ]1`1Z\aSb b1W\ �Sada* , a*/E , V\b\`\Y1abn aVW1]E SWS -`\+ZSg*EP Y1ab\E -/1 f\`\Zqb dY1`jSfD

�1W\ �Sada* VW*/db , -`\+ZSgd S ]`S,*WS,*pb V\ ,f\/d+\Wnj\y V*Y1ZnD �*V\Z1g Z*ab* �1b b`1bSy /1ZnE ,\aV`1a1Zn1D�\WZg1 1k �1 Z1 ,4\jW\E ]\ob\Yd Z* dWSg1 b1YZ\D �`\+ZSgd \fO`*Zqpb ab`*3ZSVSD �f ]\ab*,SWS ab*`jS1 a,qk1ZZSVSD ˛Z*O1jn 4*h1YH �

�,qk1ZZSVS aWmj*WSE V*V �Sada -\,\`SWE hb\ ,\aV`1aZ1bD�ZS +\qbaqE hb\ dh1ZSVS Y\-db ]`SybS S dV`*abn b1W\E * ]\Ob\Y aV*4*bnE hb\ �Sada ,\aV`1aD \ob\Yd \ZS ]\ab*,SWS d-`\+ZSgm \f`*ZdD �1\3S/*ZZ\ 41YWq Z*hSZ*1b a\b`qa*bnaqD�1YZ\bd ]`\ZS4m,*1b q`VSy Wdh a,1b*D 'b\ *Z-1W �1-\,mI �bab`*f* ,\SZm Z1 Y\-db ]\j1,1WSbnaqD �Z-1W ]\/f\/Sb V -`\+OZSg1 S \b\/,S-*1b V*Y1ZnD �\ -`\+ZSg* ]dab*I

˙*E V*V aV*4*W ]\4/Z11 *]\ab\W �1bÈ wob\-\ �Sada* �\-,\aV`1aSWx L˙1qZSq 6B76MD �\- ,\aV`1aSW �Sada* , b*V\Y 31b1W1E V*V\1 +mW\ d Z1-\ /\ ]`Sf\/* Z* 41YWpD �Sada ,Z\,n ]\OWdhSW /df\,Z\1 b1W\E b*V\1 31 V*V d *Z-1W\, L5 1b`* 7B5<MD�1]1`nE /Wq b\-\ hb\+m Wp/S Y\-WS 1-\ d,S/1bnE �Sadad Zd3Z\+mW\ \+W1hnaq , b1W\ S4 ]W\bSD �/1W*W WS b*V �SadaH � ˙*,*yd4Z*1YD

�� ˚ ˛��%� ��˚�� %��

203

�*hSZ*1b a,1b*bnD �\SZm d31 djWSD �*`Sq �*-/*WSZ* S/`d-S1 31ZkSZmE V\b\`m1 ,1`qb , �Sada*E S/db V -`\+ZSg1D˙\`\-\y \ZS `*aad3/*pbB wb\ \b,*WSb Z*Y V*Y1Zn \b ,f\O/*Hx L�*`V* 5:B7MD �\E ]\/\y/q V -`\+ZSg1E \ZS ,S/qbE hb\ V*OY1Zn d31 \b,*W1ZD � a*Y* -`\+ZSg* ]dab*I �1W* �Sada* ZS-/1Z1bI �*`Sq �*-/*WSZ* a`*4d 31 +13Sb V *]\ab\W*Y �Sada*Ehb\+m `*aaV*4*bn SY \+ ob\YD

˙`d-S1 31ZkSZm \ab*pbaq d -`\+ZSgmD �ZS Z1/\dY1O,*pbB w�b\ 31 ab*W\ a b1W\Y �Sada*Hx �/`d- ]1`1/ ZSYS ]\Oq,Wqpbaq /,\1 Yd3hSZ , a,1`V*pk1y \/13/1D 'b\ *Z-1WmIw�b\ ,m Sk1b1 �Sada* 4/1anH P a]`*jS,*pb \ZSDP �Z ,\aOV`1aD �/Sb1 aV\`11 S `*aaV*3Sb1 \+ ob\Y 1-\ dh1ZSV*YxD�\3Z\ a1+1 ]`1/ab*,SbnE V*V +mab`\ ]\+13*WS obS 31ZkSOZmI �\ ]\ /\`\-1 \ZS ,ab`1h*pb \/Z\-\ h1W\,1V*D ˛Z*1jnV\-\H �

�Sada*E V\b\`my \+W �1Vaq , b1W\ S4 ]W\bSI �Z b\31 -\,\`Sb31ZkSZ*YB w�/Sb1 S `*aaV*3Sb1 ,a �1 Y\SY dh1ZSV*YxD *V31 ah*abWS,m 31ZkSZmI �ZS ]`S+1-*pb V dh1ZSV*Y a `*O/\abZ\y ,1abnpB w�Sada 3S,I �m 1-\ ,S/1WSIx �*`Sq d31`*aaV*4*W* 1b`d S �\*ZZd \ ]dab\y -`\+ZSg1D \aY\b`SE,\b \ZS ]`SjWS Z* ob\ Y1ab\E hb\+m d,S/1bn ,a �1 a,\SYS-W*4*YSD �1b` S �\*ZZ Z*f\/qb WnZqZm1 ]\W\bZ*E , V\b\O`m1 +mW 4*, �1`Zdb �SadaE Z\ \ZS Z1 4Z*pbE hb\ S /dY*bnD�Y f\h1baq ,1`SbnE hb\ �Sada 3S,E Z\ ob\ V*31baq Z1,1`\OqbZmYD

\4/Z11 , ob\ 31 ,\aV`1a1Zn1 �Sada q,Wq1baq /,dY a,\SYdh1ZSV*YE V\b\`m1 Z*]`*,Wqpbaq , /1`1,Zp 'YY*daD �SadaS/ �1b `q/\Y S `*4-\,*`S,*1b a ZSYSD �\ \ZS 1-\ Z1 d4Z*pbE]\b\Yd hb\ \Z \+W1h �1Z , /`d-\1 b1W\D �ZS d4Z*pb 1-\E WSjnV\-/* �Sada Z*hSZ*1b a ZSYS d3SZ*bn S ]`\S4Z\aSb Y\OWSb,dD h1ZSVS b*V `*/mE hb\ a]1j*b \+`*bZ\ , �1`da*OWSYI � ]dbn /\ �1`da*WSY* Z1+WS4VSyD �1`\qbZ\E ,aV\`1

204

��& �˚�� ˚�)

]\aW1 ob\-\ �Sada q,Wq1baq 1b`dE ]\V*4m,*q 1YdE hb\ \Z3S,D

� b\b ,\aV`1aZmy ,1h1` , V\YZ*b1 a\+S`*1baq YZ\-\ dh1ZSOV\,D �a1 /,1`S bk*b1WnZ\ 4*]S`*pbaqD �\ Z1\3S/*ZZ\ , V\YOZ*b1 ]\q,Wq1baq �SadaI �1]1`n dh1ZSVS Y\-db d+1/SbnaqE hb\�1WSVSy hSb1Wn Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 3S,D �\WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nE V*V\ZS ah*abWS,mI L�*be1q 6<B5P59C �dVS 68B5P8=C �\*ZZ*5=B7<P6>B65MD

� b1h1ZS1 8> /Z1y �Sada q,Wq1baq a,\SY dh1ZSV*Y , `*4OZ\Y \+WShn1E ]\V*4m,*qE hb\ \Z 3S,D ˛*b1Y \Z ]\VS/*1b 41YOWp S ,\4,`*k*1baq V a,\1Yd �bgd Z* Z1+\ L˙1qZSq 5B=P55MD

� h �1YE ,\4Y\3Z\E /dY*pb� �1b` S �\*ZZH

�� ˚ ˛��%� ��˚�� %��

�aV\`1 dh1ZSVS Z*hSZ*pb `*aaV*4m,*bn /`d-SY \ b\YE hb\�\- ,\aV`1aSW �Sada*D �ZS Z1 ]1`1ab*pb ]`\]\,1/\,*bnE

Z1aY\b`q Z* b\ hb\ a,qk1ZZSVS S4+S,*pb Sf S /*31d+S,*pb Z1V\b\`mf S4 ZSfD h1ZSVS 4Z*pbE hb\ /*31

1aWS \ZS dY`dbE �\- ,a]\YZSb SfE b*V 31 V*V \Z,a]\YZSW a,\1-\ �mZ*D

*V 31 \bWSh*pbaq obS ]1`,m1 ]\OaW1/\,*b1WS �Sada* \b YZ\-Sf Wp/1ya1-\/ZqI �1aZ\yE V\-/* Wp/S ,a]\YSZ*Opb \ ,\aV`1a1ZSS �Sada*E \ZS h*k1/dY*pb b\WnV\ \ VdWSh*f S V`*j1Zmfqyg*fE * , Z1V\b\`mf ab`*Z*f \ V`\WSOV*fD �\ , �S+WSS ZSh1-\ Z1 -\,\`Sbaq\ VdWSh*fE V`*j1Zmf qyg*f S ]*af*WnOZmf V`\WSV*fD � Z1y -\,\`Sbaq \ aWdO31ZSS �\-dD

�m Y\31Y ]\/`*3*bn dh1ZSOV*Y �Sada*E `*aaV*4m,*q /`d-SY \b\YE V*V �\- hd/1aZmY \+`*4\Y,\aV`1aSW a,\1-\ �mZ*D �*Y Z1Zd3Z\ +\qbnaqE /*31 1aWS Vb\Ob\

-`\4Sbaq Z*a d+SbnD �1/n /*31 1aWS Ym dY` �1YE �1-\,* \+q4*Ob1WnZ\ ,a]\YZSb \ Z*a S ,\aV`1aSbE b*V 31 V*V \Z ,\aV`1aSW�Sada*D

*V 31 Ym `*/mE hb\ �\- ]\YZSb ,a1f a,\Sf aWd3Sb1W1yS \+q4*b1WnZ\ ,1`Z �1b V 3S4ZS b1fE Vb\ 4*aZdW aY1`bZmY aZ\YI `*,/*H � ˙*,*y ]\ob\Yd +\Wnj1 d4Z*,*bn \ b\YE V*V Y\3Z\`*/\,*bn �\-*D � 4Z*W WS bmE hb\ �\-* /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ Y\3Z\`*/\,*bnH � �+ ob\Y `*aaV*4m,*1baq , aW1/dpk1y -W*,1D

�1`* , b\E hb\ �Sada ,\aV`1aE /\W3Z* ,a1Wqbn , Z*a Z*/13/d SdV`1]Wqbn Z*jd ,1`dD �\3*Wdyab*E ]`\hSb*y ˙1qZSq 6B66P7:C8B5<P6> S 5 �\`SZeqZ*Y 59B7P<E 6>P67D

� h �1Y \+mhZ\ /dY*pbWp/SE V\-/* ,a]\YSZ*pb\ ,\aV`1a1ZSS �Sada*H� \ h �1Y /dY*1jn bmH

206

��& �˚�� ˚�)

�� Z*Y `*/\,*bn �\-*H �\31Y WS Ym 1Yd hb\Ob\/*bnH � �1-\,* -\,\`SbB w�\S ,a1 4,1`S , W1adxD � b*VO31B w�\ �1 a1`1+`\ S �\ �1 4\W\b\x L a*W\Y 67B5C 8=B5>C

�--1y 6B<MD � ,a �1 31 1abn V\1Ohb\ \h1Zn g1ZZ\1E hb\ Ym Y\O31Y /*bn �\-dD �b\ 31 ob\H �

�1-\,* ]\4,\Wq1b Z*Y a*YSY ,m+S`*bnB aWd3Sbn 1YdSWS Z1bD �Z Z1 4*ab*,Wq1b Z*a ,a �1 /1W*bn ]\ 1-\ ,\W1D ˙*,*yd4Z*1YE ]\h1Yd �\- ]`1/\ab*,SW Z*Y ]`*,\ ,m+\`* , ob\Y ,\O]`\a1D

�mE Z*,1`Z\1E 4Z*1jnE hb\ b*V\1 `\+\bD 'b\ Y*jSZ*E V\b\O`*q /1W*1b b\E hb\ 4*/dY*W Y*ab1`D �\+\b Z1 Y\31b ,m+S`*bnEhb\ 1Yd /1W*bnD �1-\,* Y\- +m a/1W*bn Z*a b*VSYS `\+\b*YSD�\-/* Ym ,a1-/* ]\abd]*WS +m b*VE V*V f\h1b \ZD �\ �\- ob\-\Z1 a/1W*WD ˛Z*1jn ]\h1YdH � ˚abn b*VS1 S-`djVSO`\+\bmBZ*3Y �1jn Z* VZ\]Vd P S S-`djV* Z*hSZ*1b /,S-*bnaq S /1OW*bn b\E hb\ +mW\ 4*/dY*Z\ Y*ab1`\YD �m V\-/*OZS+d/n ,S/1Wb*VS1 S-`djVSH � �+mhZ\ \ZS +mab`\ Z*/\1/*pbE S S-`*bn

a ZSYS ab*Z\,Sbaq Z1SZb1`1aZ\D �ZS ,a �1,`1Yq /1W*pb \/Z\ S b\ 31D �\- Z1f\b1WE hb\+m Ym +mWS b*VSYS `\+\O

b*YS S aWd3SWS 1Yd ]\b\OYdE hb\ d Z*a Z1b /`d-\-\,m+\`*D �1-\,* 31W*1bE

xy � � � � � 8 > vw

�� ˝� ��˙��& ��

�\h1Yd �\- Z1 a/1W*WZ*a `\+\b*YSH

hb\+m Ym aWd3SWS 1Yd S4 Wp+,S S hb\+m Ym f\b1WS 1-\aWdj*bnaqD

*V bm /dY*1jnE hb\ hd,ab,d1b Z*j Z1+1aZmy �b1gE V\-/*Ym ab*`*1Yaq +mbn 1Yd ]\aWdjZmYSH �

�V*3SE * V*V ,WSq1b b,\ �1 ]\,1/1ZS1 Z*b,\Sf `\/Sb1W1yH � � �S+WSS -\,\O`SbaqE hb\ Yd/`my amZ w`*/d1b�a,\1-\� \bg*xE * -Wd]my P w\-\`Oh1ZS1 /Wq 1-\ Y*b1`Sx L `SbhS5>B5MD ˛*Y1h*W WS bmE V*V `*/dOpbaq b,\S ]*]* S Y*Y*E V\-/*bm Sf aWdj*1jnaqH � � hb\\ZS hd,ab,dpbE V\-/* bm ,a �1 /1OW*1jn ]\Oa,\1YdH �

� b1]1`n ]\/dY*1Y \ Z*j1YZ1+1aZ\Y �bg1E �1-\,1D �Z -\,\O

`Sb Z*Y \ b\YE V*V Ym Y\31Y 1-\`*/\,*bnD �bV`\yE ]\3*Wdyab*E ,�S+WSS VZS-d `Sbh1yE 6;Op -W*,dE55Oy abSfD ˛/1an �\- ]`S4m,*1b Z*aBw�d/n Yd/`E amZ Y\y �* b*V31 /\hnY\q�E S `*/dy a1`/g1 Y\ �1C S q +d/dSY1bnE hb\ \b,1h*bn 4W\aW\,qk1Yd Y1OZqxD �1+1 ]\ZqbZ\E hb\ 4Z*hSb 4W\aW\O

,Sbn V\-\Ob\H � 'b\ 4Z*hSb Z*aY1f*bnaq Z*/ ZSY S -\,\`SbnEhb\ \Z Z1 a]\a\+1Z ,m]\WZSbn a,\S \+1k*ZSqD *V �*b*Z*4W\aW\,Sb �1-\,dH � ˙*,*y d4Z*1YD

\YZSjnE , <Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZS-S Ym -\,\`SWS \ b\YE hb\�*b*Z* ab`1YSbaq ab*bn a*YmY -W*,ZmY S f\h1bE hb\+m ,a11Yd ]\/hSZqWSanD �*b*Z* db,1`3/*1bE hb\ Wp/S aWd3*b �1-\O,1 b\WnV\ ]\b\YdE hb\ \Z \+1k*1b SY ,1hZdp 3S4ZnD �VW\OZS, �/*Y* S ˚,d V Z1]\aWdj*ZSpE �*b*Z* +`\aSW �1-\,1

�*V bm Y\31jn`*/\,*bn �1-\,dS a,\Sf `\/Sb1W1yH

208

��& �˚�� ˚�)

,m4\,D w�p/S aWd3*b b1+1 WSjn S4 V\`mabSEP aV*O4*W \Z �1-\,1DP ˙*y YZ1 ,W*abnE S q V*3/\-\ \b,1/d\b b1+qxD

�\bq obS aW\,* S Z1 4*]Sa*Zm , �S+WSSE a\,1`j1ZZ\qaZ\E hb\ �*b*Z* aV*4*W �\-d hb\Ob\ ]\/\+Z\1D 'b\ ab*Z\O,Sbaq ]\ZqbZ\E V\-/* hSb*1jn Sab\`Sp \+ �\,1D �ab*Z1baqWS �\, ,1`ZmY �\-dH 'b\b ,\]`\a +mW \h1Zn ,*31Z V*V /Wq�1-\,mE b*V S /Wq �*b*ZmD ˙*,*y \bV`\1Y , �S+WSS VZS-d�\,E 5Op S 6Op -W*,mE S ]\4Z*V\YSYaq a ob\y Sab\`S1yD

*V ,S/Z\ S4 5Oy -W*,m VZS-S �\,E , /1ZnE V\-/* V �1-\,1]`SjWS ,a1 *Z-1WmE a`1/S ZSf ]`Sj �1W S �*b*Z*D \ob\Yd�1-\,* a]`*jS,*1b �*b*ZdB w�bVd/* bm ]`Sj �1WHx �*b*Z*\b,1h*1bE hb\ \Z f\/SW ]\ 41YW1 S \+\j �1W 1 �1D w�+`*bSW WSbm ,ZSY*ZS1 Z* �\,*H P a]`*jS,*1b �1-\,*DP �Z ,1`Z\aWd3Sb YZ1 S Z1 /1W*1b 4W*x L�\, 5B:P<MD

�*b*Z* a`*4d 31 Z*f\/Sb ob\Yd a,\ �1 \+lqaZ1ZS1B w�\,1/n �\, aWd3Sb b1+1 b\WnV\ ]\b\YdE hb\ d Z1-\ Z1b

�*V\y ,m4\, +`\aSW *b*Z* �1-\,1E]\aW1 b\-\ V*V �/*Y S ˚,* a\-`1jSWSH

� ��˝�� ˙��& ��

ZSV*VSf b`d/Z\ab1yD �SjS 1-\ a,\1y 4*kSbm S+W*-\aW\,1ZSy S d,S/SjnE V*V \Z ]`\VWqZ �1b b1+qxD�\-/* �1-\,* -\,\`Sb �*b*Z1B w�\bE bm Y\31jn /1OW*bn ,a �1E hb\ f\h1jnE b\WnV\ Z1 b`\-*y a*Y\-\ �\,*xL�\, 5B=P56MD

*V 31 ,\a]\Wn4\,*Waq obSY �*b*Z*H � �Z dab`\OSW b*VE hb\ ,\`m dV`*WS ,1an aV\b S ,a1f \aW\, �\,* Sd+SWS 1-\ aWd-D ˛*b1Y d/*`SW* Y\WZSqE S \-\Zn ]\-W\bSW,a1f \,1g S ]*abdf\, �\,*D �*4+\yZSVS dV`*WS ,a1f ,1`O+Wp/\, �\,* S d+SWS aWd-E V\b\`m1 Sf ab1`1-WSD �\ ob\1k �1 Z1 ,a �1D �*b*Z* Z*, �1W ab`*jZdp +d`pD ˙\YE , V\b\O`\Y a\+`*WSan /1aqbn /1b1y �\,*E `dfZdWE S ,a1 1-\ /1bS]\-S+WSD �\E Z1aY\b`q Z* obS Z1ah*abnqE �\, \ab*Waq ,1`OZmY �1-\,1 L�\, 5B57P66MD

\-/* �*b*Z* aZ\,* ]`Sj �1W V �1-\,1E �1-\,* \+O`*bSW 1-\ ,ZSY*ZS1 Z* ,1`Z\abn �\,*D �\

�*b*Z* \]qbn Z*j �1W ob\Yd a,\ �1 \+lqaZ1OZS1D �Z aV*4*WB w�\, bdb 31 ]`\VWqZ �1bb1+qE 1aWS bm ]\4,\WSjn YZ1 ]\`*O4Sbn 1-\ +\W14ZnpxD �1-\,* ]\4,\WSW�*b*Z1 Sa]mb*bn �\,* +\W14ZnpE Z\aV*4*WB w�\bE \Z , `dV1 b,\1yE b\WnV\Z1 WSj*y 1-\ 3S4ZSxD

�*b*Z* ]\`*4SW �\,* bq3 �1W\y +\OW14ZnpD �a �1 1-\ b1W\ ]\V`mW\an

�b\ ]`1b1`]1W �\,S ]\h1Yd 1-\ ab\yV\abn]`SZ1aW* �1-\,1 `*/\abnH

��& �˚�� ˚�)

ab`*jZmYS Z*`m,*YSD �b Z1-\ b*V ]W\f\ ]*fW\E hb\ ZSVb\ Z1Y\- `q/\Y a ZSY Z*f\/SbnaqD ˙*31 1-\ 31Z* aV*4*W* 1YdBw \fdWS �\-* S dY`SIx � \/Z*3/m V Z1Yd ]`SjWS b1E Vb\Z*4m,*WS a1+q 1-\ /`d4nqYSE S ab*WS d+13/*bn 1-\E hb\ ,a1 obSZ1ah*abnq P Z*V*4*ZS1 4* 1-\ bq3VS1 -`1fSE V\b\`m1 \ZE /\WO3Z\ +mbnE a\,1`jSW , ]`\jW\YD *V 31 `*aab`\SWS obS aW\O,* �\,*I �\E Z1aY\b`q Z* ,ap +\Wn S ab`*/*ZSqE V\b\`m1]`ShSZSW 1Yd �*b*Z*E �\, \ab*Waq ,1`ZmY aWd3Sb1W1Y �1O-\,m L�\, 6B5P57C ;B9C 5=B57P6>MD

*V bm /dY*1jnE hb\ hd,ab,\,*W �1-\,*E ,S/q ,1`Z\abn�\,*H � 'b\ ]`SZ1aW\ �1-\,1 YZ\-\ `*/\abSE ]\b\Yd hb\ \ZY\- aV*4*bn �*b*Z1B w \aY\b`S Z* �\,*I �Z aWd3Sb YZ1 Z1S4 V\`mabSE \Z Wp+Sb Y1ZqxD �d/1jn WS S bm b*VSY 31E V*V�\,H �Y\31b WS �1-\,* Z* b,\ �1Y ]`SY1`1 /\V*4*bnE hb\ �*Ob*Z* P W31gH � 'b\ \-`\YZ*q h1abnI �1/n Z*j1 ]\aWdj*ZS1/* �1b �1-\,1 ,\4Y\3Z\abn \b,1bSbn Z* ,m4\, �*b*Zm S /\V*O4*bnE hb\ ob\b 4W\abZmy \+Y*ZkSV Z1 Y\31b \b,1abS ,a1f WpO/1y \b �\-*D ˙Wq �Sada* ob\ +mW\ +\Wnj\y h1abnpD

�1WSVSy hSb1Wn ZSV\-/* Z1 ]\4,\WqWE hb\+m �*b*Z* aVW\OZSW 1-\ V h1YdOb\ ]W\f\YdD �\WnV\ ]\/dY*yE aV\WnV\ `*/\abSob\ ]`SZ1aW\ 1-\ �bgdI �1-\,* Y\- dV*4*bn Z* �Sada* S aV*O4*bn �*b*Z1B w \aY\b`S Z* Y\1-\ �mZ*I �Z /\ V\Zg* YZ1,1`1ZD �Z Wp+Sb Y1ZqIx � Z*aV\WnV\ 31 ah*abWS, +mW a*Y�SadaE 4Z*qE V*V `*/d1baq 1-\ �b1gD 'b* `*/\abn ]\Y\-OW* �Sadad ]`1b1`]1bn aY1`bn Z* ab\W+1 Ydh1ZSy L˚,`1qY56B6MD

� bm f\h1jn +mbn ]\f\3SY Z* �1WSV\-\ hSb1Wq S `*O/\,*bn �1-\,dH � �\-/* ]`\/\W3*y d4Z*,*bn \ b\YE hb\ Wp+Sb�1-\,*E S ab*`*yaq b*V ]\abd]*bnD

�`\hSb*y \ b\YE V*V �Sada `*/\,*W �\-*E S \ b\YE V*V YmY\31Y ob\ /1W*bnB �`SbhS 67B66P69C �\*ZZ* 9B7>C :B7<C <B6< S6 �\*ZZ* 8D

� ��˝�� ˙��& ��

211

�� bm /dY*1jnE Vb\ S4 /1b1y +\Wnj1 ,a1f `*/\,*W �1O-\,dH � \Z1hZ\ 31E 1-\ �mZE �SadaD ˙*,*y d4Z*1YEV*V �Sada `*/\,*W a,\1-\ Z1+1aZ\-\ �bg*D

�1Ynq �Sada* 3SW* Z* `*aab\qZSS b` �1f /Z1y ]dbS \b �1O`da*WSY*E -/1 Z*f\/SWaq f`*Y �1-\,mD 'b\b f`*Y +mW \h1ZnV`*aS,mYD �Sada Z*4m,*W 1-\ w/\Y\Y a,\1-\ �bg*xD *3O/my -\/ ,aq Sf a1Ynq ]`Sf\/SW* , ob\b f`*Y Z* ]`*4/ZSV *afSD

�\b hb\ aWdhSW\anE V\-/* �Sadad +mW\ 56 W1bD \aW1]`*4/ZSV* *afS a1Ynq �Sada* ,\4,`*k*W*an /\Y\yD ,1h1O`dE V\-/* ,a1 \ab*Z\,SWSan Z* Z\hW1-E `\/Sb1WS �Sada* 4*Y1ObSWSE hb\ Sf Y*WnhSV* ZS-/1 Z1bD ˚-\ Z1 +mW\ ZS a`1/S`\/ab,1ZZSV\,E ZS a`1/S 4Z*V\YmfE V\b\`m1 jWS ,Y1ab1 aZSYSD \ob\Yd �*`Sq S �\aSe a`*4d 31 ,1`ZdWSan , �1`dOa*WSYE hb\+m \bmaV*bn �Sada*D �/1 31 \Z Y\- +mbnH �

�ZS Z*f\/qb �Sada* , f`*Y1D �Z aS/Sb a`1/S dhSb1W1yEaWdj*1b S a]`*jS,*1b SfD hSb1Wq b\31 4*/*pb 1Yd ,\]`\amS Z1 ]1`1ab*pb d/S,Wqbnaq 1-\ \b,1b*YD �1]1`n bm ]\ZSY*O1jnE ]\h1Yd �\- +mW b*V /\,\W1Z a,\SY �mZ\YH �

*V\1 31 \+W1-h1ZS1 hd,ab,dpb �*`Sq S �\aSeE V\-/* Z*OV\Z1g Z*f\/qb �Sada*I �\ �Sada a]\V\1ZD �Z 4Z*1bE hb\f`*Y P ob\ a*Y\1 Wdhj11 Y1ab\ Z* 41YW1D \ob\Yd \Z a]`*OjS,*1b SfB w�*4,1 ,m Z1 4Z*WSE hb\ q /\W31Z +mbn , /\Y1 Y\O1-\ �bg*Hx �Sada 4Z*WE hb\ f`*Y +mW /\Y\Y �\-*E S 1YdZ`*,SW\an , Z �1Y Z*f\/SbnaqD

xy � � � � � 8 5 vw

˙˚��E ��%˚��˙��

212

\aW1 ob\-\ �*`Sq S �\aSe ,Y1ab1 a �Sada\Y ,\4O,`*bSWSan , �*4*`1bD *V �Sada \bZ\aSWaq V a,\SY `\O/Sb1WqYH � � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ \Z w\ab*,*Waq d

ZSf , ]\/hSZ1ZSSxD �b\ ob\ 4Z*hSbH � 'b\ 4Z*hSbE hb\\Z +mW ]\aWdj1Z a,\SY `\/Sb1WqYD �Z ,a1-/* aWdj*WO

aq Sf S ]\Y\-*W SY ]\ /\YdE Z*]`SY1` V\-/* \ZS]`\aSWS 1-\ ]`SZ1abS ,\/m S4 V\W\/g* L�dVS6B85P96MD

\/dY*yB f\bq Sada +mW a\,1`j1ZZmYE\Z aWdj*Waq a,\Sf Z1a\,1`j1ZZmf `\/Sb1OW1yD �*/\,*W\ WS ob\ �\-*H � �1a\YZ1ZZ\E

,1/n �\3n1 �W\,\ ]`S4m,*1b /1b1yB w�d/nb1]\aWdjZm a,\SY `\/Sb1WqYx L'e1aqZ*Y :B5MD�m b\31 Y\31jn `*/\,*bn �\-*E 1aWSE ]\/\+OZ\ �SadadE +d/1jn aWdj*bnaq a,\Sf `\/SOb1W1yD

˚k �1 \/Z* ,\4Y\3Z\abn `*/\,*bn �1-\O,d P ob\ `*aaV*4m,*bn \ Z �1Y /`d-SYD `*,/*E Z1V\b\`m1 ahSb*pbE hb\ /1bSZ1 /\W3Zm ob\-\ /1W*bnD �\ \/Z*3O/mE V\-/* Wp/S f\b1WS 4*ab*,Sbn/1b1y 4*Y\Wh*bnE �Sada aV*4*WBw�*4,1 ,m ZSV\-/* Z1

�*V �Sada `*/\,*W �\-*EV\-/* +mW Y*W1ZnVSYH

˙˚��E ��%˚ ��˙��

hSb*WS , Sa*ZSSB t�4 dab Y*W1ZnVSf /1b1y �\- dab`\Sb f,*OWdrHx L�*be1q 65B5:MD ˙*E `*aaV*4m,*bn \+ �1-\,1 S \ b\YE V*OV\y \Z ]`1V`*aZmy �\-E Y\-db ,a1E Vb\ 31W*1b ob\ /1W*bnD'b\ /\ab*,Sb Z*j1Yd �\-d YZ\-\ `*/\abSD

� -/1 Ym Y\31Y d4Z*,*bn \ �\-1H � ˙\Y*E V\-/* S4dh*1Y�S+WSpD �\ 1k �1 +\Wnj1 4Z*ZSy Ym ]\Wdh*1Y Z* ,ab`1h*fE-/1 a\+S`*1baq Z*`\/ �\-*D � V*V d4Z*bnE Vb\ Z* a*Y\Y /1W11-\ Z*`\/H �

�\3Z\ 4*/*bn a1+1 ,\]`\amB hb\ obS Wp/S /1W*pb Z* a,\Sf,ab`1h*fH h*b WS \ZS b\YdE hb\ Z*]Sa*Z\ , �S+WSSH �Sb*pbWS \ZS �S+WSp S \+ad3/*pb WS 1 �1H �1/n b\WnV\ S4 �S+WSSY\3Z\ d4Z*bnE hb\ -\,\`Sb �\-E Z1 b*V WSH � � ,1/n Ym \3SO/*1YE hb\ Z* f`SabS*ZaVSf ,ab`1h*f Ym +d/1Y dhSbnaq d �\-*E]`*,/*H � � 1aWS Vb\Ob\ -\,\`SbE hb\ b1+1 Z1\+q4*b1WnZ\3Sbn ]\ �S+WSSH �\3Z\ WS aV*4*bnE hb\ ob\b h1W\,1V ]`SOZ*/W13Sb V Z*`\/d �\-*H �

˛/1an ,*3Z\ dh1abn 1k �1 V\1Ohb\D � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqEhb\ Z*`\/ �\-* +d/1b Z*4m,*bnaq 1-\ SY1Z1Y L˙1qZSq59B58MD �\-* 4\,db �1-\,*D \ob\Yd Y\3Z\ a]`\aSbn d Wp/1yEahSb*pb WS \ZS �1-\,d a,\SY �\-\YD ˚aWS Z1bE b\-/* SfZ1Wn4q Z*4,*bn �\3nSY Z*`\/\YD �p/S \b �\-* +d/db `*aOaV*4m,*bn /`d-SY \ �\3n1Y �*`ab,1D � 1k �1 \ZS +d/db]`\q,Wqbn Wp+\,n V �\-dE a\+Wp/*q 1-\ 4*]\,1/S L5 �\*ZZ*9B7MD

˚aWS bm 4Z*1jn Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 ,a �1 ob\ Sa]\WZqpbE a\+SO`*yaq ,Y1ab1 a ZSYSE hb\+m ]\VW\Zqbnaq �\-dD �* ,ab`1h*faWdj*y ,ZSY*b1WnZ\ S ab*`*yaq \b,1h*bn Z* ,\]`\amD �*V]\abd]*W �SadaE V\-/* +mW , /\Y1 �\-*D 'bSY bmE ]\/\+Z\�SadadE +d/1jn `*/\,*bn �1-\,dD

� Y\31jn ,a]\YZSbnE Vb\ 1k �1 S4 /1b1yE \ V\b\`mf -\,\O`Sbaq , �S+WSSE `*/\,*W �\-*H � `1V`*aZmy ]`SY1` , ob\Y

214

��& �˚�� ˚�)

\bZ\j1ZSS ]\/*W �SY\e1yD ˚-\ \b1g Z1 ,1`SW , �1-\,dD �\1-\ Y*Y* ˚,ZSV* S +*+djV* �\S/* ,1`SWSD �SY\e1y aWdj*WSf S d4Z*,*W \+ �1-\,1D

\-/* �SY\e1y ,m`\aE 1-\ `\/Z\y -\`\/ ]\a1bSW *]\ab\W *,1WD *,1W 4*Y1bSWE V*VSY `1,Z\abZmY +mW �SY\e1y SV*V \Z Wp+SW aWd31ZS1 �1-\,1D \ob\Yd \Z ]`S-W*aSW �SOY\e1q ab*bn 1-\ a\b`d/ZSV\Y S `*ajS`Sbn a,\ �1 aWd31ZS1D�ZS YZ\-\ ]db1j1ab,\,*WS S ]\,ap/d `*aaV*4m,*WS \ �\O3n1Y �*`ab,1 S \+ �Sada1 L˙1qZSq 5:B5P9C 6 �SY\e1p 5B9C7B58E 59MD

�\ Z1d31WS , �S+WSS `*aaV*4m,*1baq b\WnV\ \ Y*WnhSOV*fE V\b\`m1 `*/\,*WS �\-*H � �\,a1 Z1bD ˙*,*y `*aaY\b`SY]`SY1` \/Z\y S4`*SWnaV\y /1,\hVSE V\b\`*q b\31 `*/\,*W*�\-*D � b\ ,`1Yq �S`Sq S �4`*SWn ,`*3/\,*WSD �/Z*3/m ,\,`1Yq Z*]*/1ZSq Z* �4`*SWn aS`Sygm 4*f,*bSWS , ]W1Z Y*OW1ZnVdp /1,\hVdD ˚ �1 \b/*WS , /\Y ,\1Z*h*WnZSV* �11Y*Z*D'b* /1,\hV* ab*W* aWd3*ZV\y 31Zm �11Y*Z*D

�*V\y 3S4Z1ZZmy ]dbn ,m+`*W SY\e1yEZ1aY\b`q Z* b\ hb\ 1-\ \b1g +mW Z1,1`dpkSYH

215

�11Y*Z +mW +\W1Z ]`\V*4\yD�S \/SZ ,`*h Z1 Y\- 1Yd ]\OY\hnD �\ ob* Y*W1ZnV*q S4O`*SWnbqZV* ,1`SW*E hb\ \/SZ]`\`\VE \a\+my aWd3Sb1Wn �\O-*E Y\31b Sag1WSbn �11Y*Z*D�11Y*Z S 1-\ 31Z* Z1 ]\OVW\ZqWSan �1-\,1D �b\SW\ WS/1,\hV1 `*aaV*4m,*bn SY \ �\O3n1Y ]`\`\V1H � V*V ]\abdO]SW +m bmH �

˙1,\hV* aV*4*W*B w˚aWS +mb\WnV\ �11Y*Z ]\+m,*W d ]`\`\O

V* �1-\,m , �4`*SW1E b\-/* \Z SaOg1WSWaq +m \b ]`\V*4mxD �11Y*Z

]\aWdj*W /1,\hVd S ]\j �1W V ]`\`\Vd�1-\,mD �Z ,m]\WZSW ,a �1E hb\ ]\,1W1W 1Yd

]`\`\VE S ]`\V*4* a\jW* a Z1-\D 'b\ hd/1aZ\1 Sag1W1ZS1 ]\O+d/SW\ �11Y*Z* ab*bn aWd3Sb1W1Y SabSZZ\-\ �\-* L8 �*`ab,9B5P59MD

� f\b1W +m bm ]\Y\hn V\YdOZS+d/n d4Z*bn \+ �1-\,1 S 1-\/\+`mf /1W*fE V*V ob\ a/1W*W* Y*W1ZnV*q /1,\hV*H � \Ydbm Y\- +m `*aaV*4*bn \ �\-1H � \Z1hZ\E aZ*h*W* Wp/S Y\O-db ]\ahSb*bnE hb\ SY Z1 Zd3Z* b,\q ]\Y\knD �\ bm Y\O31jn `*aaV*4*bn SY \ b\YE V*V YZ\-\ f\`\j1-\ /1W*1b�1-\,*D �\4Y\3Z\E ob\ ]\+d/Sb Sf ]`SaWdj*bnaqD �d/nd,1`1ZE hb\ ,a1 b,\S daSWSq ]`SZ1adb Z*j1Yd �\-d YZ\-\`*/\abSI

W1/dpkS1 abSfS ]\Y\-db b1+1 Z*f\/Sbn `*/\abn , aWd31OZSS �\-dB �a*W\Y 565B5C 58<B56E 57C ˚VVW1aS*ab 56B5C 5 SY\e1p8B56 S ˚,`1qY 5>B67P69D

�*V ob* S4`*SWnaV*q /1,\hV*`*/\,*W* �\-*H

216

�� b1+1 +\Wnj1 Z`*,SbaqB S-`*bn SWS `*+\b*bnH �� b\YE hb\+m S-`*bnE Z1b ZSh1-\ ]W\f\-\D � �S+WSS \+�1`da*WSY1 -\,\`SbaqE hb\ \Z wZ*]\WZ1Z Y*WnhSV*YS

S /1,\hV*YSE S-`*pkSYS Z* dWSg*f 1-\x L˛*f*`Sq <B9E ��MD

�1WSV\Yd hSb1Wp Z`*,SW\an aY\b`1bnE V*V S-`*pb /1bSD˚k �1 /\ ]`Sf\/* Z* 41YWpE \Z aV*4*WB w) +mW ]`S Z �1Y ��\-1� SaOVdaZmY Y*ab1`\YDDD ,1a1Wqan ]1`1/ ZSY ,a �1 ,`1YqxD ˛*Y1bnEhb\ Z* Z1+1 �Sada +mW f\`\jSY `*+\bZSV\YE SWS wY*ab1O`\YxE �1-\,mD �Z b*V31 aV*4*WB w�\E hb\ /\ab*,WqW\ YZ1 d/\O,\Wnab,S1E +mW\ a,q4*Z\ a amZ\,nqYS h1W\,1h1aVSYSxD ˙*E V*VYm d31 -\,\`SWSE �1WSVSy hSb1Wn SaV`1ZZ1 SZb1`1a\,*WOaq Wp/nYSE , b\Y hSaW1 S /1bnYS L `SbhS<B7>E 75E ��MD

xy � � � � � 8 6 vw

��˚ � ��˝� ��˙��&)

�b\ ]`SZ\aSW\ �Sadad `*/\abnEV\-/* \Z 3SW Z* Z1+1H

*V bm /dY*1jnE S-`*W WS �SadaE V\-/*+mW Y*W1ZnVSYH � �*,1`ZqV*D �* Z1+1 �SOada +mW f\`\jSY `*+\bZSV\YE * b`d/SWaq WS\Z Z* 41YW1H � �Sada Z*4,*Z wamZ\Y ]W\bOZSV*xD �\W11 b\-\E 1-\ a*Y\-\ Z*4m,*WSw]W\bZSV\YxD � h �1Y ob\ -\,\`SbH � �\aSeEV\b\`my `*abSW �Sada* V*V a,\1-\ amZ*E/\W3Z\ +mbnE \+dh*W 1-\ ]W\bZSgV\Yd `1OY1aWdD \ob\Yd �Sada b\31 ab*W ]W\bZSOV\Y L�*be1q 57B99C �*`V* :B7MD

� V*VSY ]W\bZSV\Y +mW �SadaH � ˚aWS\Z +mW SaVdaZmY Y*ab1`\Y Z* Z1+1E \ZEZ*,1`ZqV*E Y\- ab*bn SaVdaZmY ]W\bZSOV\YE V\-/* 3SW Z* 41YW1E ]`*,/*H � �\ 4*OZSY*bnaq ]W\bZSgVSY `1Y1aW\Y , b\

,`1Yq +mW\ Z1]`\ab\D �V\`11 ,a1-\E

�1Y 4*ZSY*Waq �SadaEV\-/* 3SW Z* 41YW1H

��& �˚�� ˚�)

�Sadad ]`Sf\/SW\an a*Y\Yd f\/Sbn , W1aE `d+Sbn /1`1,nqE `*aO]SWS,*bn Sf Z* h*abS S Z1abS /\Y\yD ˛*b1Y S4 ob\-\ Y*b1`S*OW* Zd3Z\ +mW\ Y*ab1`Sbn ab\WmE aV*Y1yVS S YZ\-\1 /`d-\1D

*V bm /dY*1jnE Z`*,SW*an WS �Sadad ob* `*+\b*H � � ]\OZ`*,SW\an +m b1+1 /1W*bn /Wq /`d-Sf V`*aS,dp Y1+1WnB ab\WmEabdWnqH � � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ ob\ f\`\j\E V\-/* wh1W\O,1V Z*aW*3/*1baq a,\SYS /1W*YSxD �`d/ ]`SZ\aSb \a\+dp `*O/\abnE V*Vdp Z1,\4Y\3Z\ ]\WdhSbn \b S-` S `*4,W1h1ZSyL˚VVW1aS*ab 7B66MD

�`d/Sbnaq ]\W14Z\ V*V /Wq dY*E b*V S /Wq b1W*D �Z\-S1 /1bSb\WnV\ S /1W*pbE hb\ aS/qb d b1W1,S4\`* SWS S-`*pb , ,S/1\OS-`mD �ZS +mab`\ ]\WZ1pb S ab*Z\,qbaq aW*+mYSD �f Z1Wn4qZ*4,*bn ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd ah*abWS,mYSD � \ZS Z1 ]`SZ\aqb ah*Oabnq \V`d3*pkSYD � V*V ab*bn ah*abWS,mYH �

� 5;Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZS-S Ym d31 -\,\`SWS \ b\YE hb\Ym \+`1b*1Y ah*abn1E V\-/* /* �1Y S ]\Y\-*1Y /`d-SY L˙1qZSq6>B79MD �S+WSq Z*4m,*1b �1-\,d wah*abWS,mY �\-\Yx L5 �SY\Oe1p 5B55MD � `Sbh*f Ym hSb*WSE hb\ �Sada w,1a1WSWaq ]1`1/ZSY ,a �1 ,`1YqxD \h1Yd �Sada +mW ah*abWS,H � �Z Z*4,*W \/OZd S4 ]`ShSZB w�b1g Y\y /\ZmZ1 b`d/SbaqE S q b`d3danx L�\O*ZZ* 9B5;MD

�Sada Z1 `*+\b*W ]W\bZSV\Y ,ap a,\p 3S4ZnD �1-\,*]\`dhSW 1Yd Z* 41YW1 \a\+\1 4*/*ZS1D ˛Z*1jn V*V\1H � �SadaaV*4*WB w) /\W31Z ,\4,1k*bn +W*-dp ,1abn \ g*`ab,1 �\-*E ]\Ob\Yd hb\ /Wq ob\-\ q ]\aW*Zx L�dVS 8B87MD \-/* �Sada ]`\]\O,1/\,*WE Z1V\b\`m1 Wp/S ,1`SWS 1Yd S ]1`1/*,*WS 1-\ aW\,*/`d-SYD �*V ]\abd]SW* S a*Y*`SbqZV*E V\b\`dp bm ,S/Sjn4/1an Z* V*`bSZV1 L�\*ZZ* 8B;P59E 6;P7>MD

*V �Sada \bZ\aSWaq V a,\1Yd ]\`dh1ZSpH �`*,SW\an WS1Yd ,m]\WZqbn 1-\H � �Sada aV*4*WB w�\q ]Sk* P Sa]\WZqbn,\Wp ]\aW*,j1-\ Y1Zq S 4*,1`jSbn /1W\ 1-\x L�\*ZZ* 8B78MD

��˚� �˝�� ˙��&�)

219

�*/d1jnaq WS bmE V\-/* 1jn a,\p Wp+SYdp 1/dH � 'b\ ]\Y\O31b b1+1 ]\ZqbnE V*V aSWnZ\ �Sada Wp+SW /1W\E V\b\`\1 ]\`dOhSW 1Yd �\-D

�\- a\4/*W Z*a b*VE hb\E ]`Sdh*qan V b`d/dE Ym ab*Z\,SYaqah*abWS,mYSD �Z -\,\`SbE hb\ wZ*aW*3/*bnaq \b b`d/\, a,\OSfx P ob\ 1-\ /*` Wp/qYD \ob\YdE 1aWS bm a /1bab,* ]`Sdh*O1jnaq V b`d/dE b,\q 3S4Zn ab*Z1b +\W11 q`V\y S SZb1`1aZ\yL˚VVW1aS*ab 9B5=MD

'b\ Z1 4Z*hSbE hb\ /1bqY Zd3Z\ ,m]\WZqbn `*+\bd ,4`\aOWmfD �/Z*V\ /1bS b\31 Y\-db b`d/SbnaqD �,\S `\/Sb1WS V*3O/my /1Zn f\/qb Z* `*+\bd S 4*`*+*bm,*pb /1Zn-SE hb\+m]`\V\`YSbn a1Ynp S SY1bn V`mjd Z*/ -\W\,\yD �mE Z*,1`ZqOV*E 4Z*1jnE hb\ `*+\b* ]\ /\Yd b*V31 \bZSY*1b YZ\-\ aSWE,1/n a\/1`3*bn /\Y , hSab\b1 S dpb1 Z1W1-V\D

*V bm Y\31jn ]\Y\hn a,\SY /\Y*jZSYH � �*]`SY1`Ebm Y\- +m Z*V`mbn Z* ab\WE ]\Ymbn ]\ad/dE ,mZ1abS Yda\`EZ*,1abS ]\`q/\V , a,\1y V\YZ*b1 S d+`*bn S-`djVS Z* Y1ab\D�\4Y\3Z\E V\1Ohb\ S4 ob\-\ bm d31 /1W*1jnD � ob\ +\Wnj*q]\Y\kn /Wq b,\1y a1YnSD

˙*,*y ]\aY\b`SYE ]\h1Yd b*V*q `*+\b* ]\W14Z*D \aW1b\-\ V*V bm ]\S-`*WE S-`djVS Zd3Z\ d+`*bn Z* Y1ab\D *Vbm /dY*1jnE ]\h1Yd ob\ ,*3Z\H � �\-/* , /\Y1 +d/1b ]\`qO/\VD � 1k �1 ob\ ]\Y\31b S4+13*bn Z1ah*abZmf aWdh*1,D �\WnV\]`1/ab*,nE hb\ Y\31b aWdhSbnaqE 1aWS bm Z1 +d/1jn d+S`*bnS-`djVS Z* Y1ab\D �,\q Y*Y* Y\31b ,\ybS , V\YZ*bd S a]\bOVZdbnaq \ V*VdpOZS+d/n S4 ZSfD � 1aWS d Z1 �1 4*Zqbm `dVSE \Z*Y\31b d]*abn S aSWnZ\ d/*`SbnaqD �\4Y\3Z\E 1 �1 /*31 ]`S/ �1bOaq \b,14bS , +\WnZSgdD �\ ,1/n ob\ d3*aZ\E ]`*,/*H � �1]1`nbm ,S/SjnE V*V ,*3Z\ d+S`*bn S-`djVS Z* Y1ab\I

�\ d /1b1y 1abn 1k �1 \/Z* ,\4Y\3Z\abn b`d/SbnaqD 'b\dh �1+* , jV\W1D � jV\W1 bm dhSjnaq hSb*bnD �1V\b\`mY \h1Zn

220

��& �˚�� ˚�)

Z`*,Sbaq hSb*bnE \/Z*V\ /`d-SY ob\ /* �1baq a b`d/\YD �\ /*311aWS ]\Z*h*Wd hb1ZS1 V*31baq b1+1 b`d/ZmYE ]\4/Z11 bm +dO/1jn `*/ b\YdE hb\ Z*dhSWaq f\`\j\ hSb*bnD �m /*31 Z1 ]`1/Oab*,Wq1jnE ab\WnV\ ,a1-\ SZb1`1aZ\-\ Y\3Z\ +d/1b d4Z*bnI �maY\31jn a*Y hSb*bn VZS-d \b �\-*E �S+WSpD \ob\YdE 1aWSbm +d/1jn f\`\j\ dhSbnaq , jV\W1E ob\ \Vd]Sbaq a]\WZ*Ea\-W*a1ZH �

�/Z*V\ Z1V\b\`m1 ]\ab\qZZ\ \bWmZS,*pb \b `*+\bmD �\4OY\3Z\E bm 4Z*1jn b*VSf Wp/1yD �\ ]\aV\WnVd �\- a\4/*W Z*aEhb\+m Ym b`d/SWSanE Z*Y Zd3Z\ Z*dhSbnaq Wp+Sbn b`d/D \YOZSjnE Z*aV\WnV\ aSWnZ\ �1WSVSy hSb1Wn Wp+SW b`d/SbnOaqH � ˙Wq Z1-\ ob\ +mW\ ]\/\+Z\ ,VdaZ\y ]Sk1D � h1Y \Z4*ZSY*WaqH � �Z `*aaV*4m,*W /`d-SY \+�1-\,1 �\-1 S \ b\YE V*V \+`1abS,1hZdp 3S4ZnD

� ,\b hb\ ]\Y\31b Z*Y ]\OWp+Sbn b`d/D �]`\aS a1+qB 4*h1YZd3Z\ ,m]\WZSbn obd `*+\bdH�1/n ,a1-/* W1-h1 b`d/SbnaqE V\-O/* 4Z*1jnE /Wq h1-\ bm ob\ /1OW*1jnD *VSY +m ZS +mW\]\`dh1ZS1 P +\WnjSY SWS Y*OW1ZnVSYEP ab*`*yaq ]\/f\/SbnV `*+\b1 /\+`\a\,1abZ\D �\-/*bmE ]\/\+Z\ �1WSV\Yd hSb1WpEaY\31jn Z*aW*3/*bnaq /1W\Ya,\Sf `dVD

�S+WSq ]\Y\-*1b ab*bn f\`\OjSY `*+\bZSV\YD �`\hSb*y �`SObhS 5>B8C 66B6=C ˚VVW1aS*ab 7B56E57 S �\W\aaqZ*Y 7B67D

�\h1Yd ,*3Z\ d+S`*bn a,\S S-`djVSZ* Y1ab\H

��˚� �˝�� ˙��&�)

˙��˝˙% �1WSVSy hSb1Wn 4*/*W Z1\3S/*ZZmy ,\O]`\aD �Z a]`\aSWB wb\ Y\q Y*bn S Vb\ Y\S +`*bnqHxL�*be1q 56B8<MD *V +m bm \b,1bSW Z* ob\b

,\]`\aH � �mE Z*,1`ZqV*E 4Z*1jnE hb\ Y*bn �Sada* 4,*OWS �*`S1yD � V*V 4,*WS 1-\ +`*bn1,H � �mWS WS d Z1-\a �1ab`mH �

� �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ +`*bn1, �Sada* 4,*WS w�*V\,\YE�\aSe\YE �SY\Z\Y S �d/\yxD � Z1y b*V31 d]\YSZ*1baq S \1-\ a �1ab`*fD \aV\WnVd �Sada +mW ]1`,mY `1+ �1ZV\Y , a1Yn1E,a1 1-\ +`*bnq S a �1ab`m +mWS YW*/j1 Z1-\ L�*be1q57B99E 9:C �dVS 5B78E 79MD

�mWS WS +`*bnq �Sada* 1-\ dh1ZSV*YSH � � �S+WSS -\,\O`SbaqE hb\ ,Z*h*W1 \ZS wZ1 ]`\q,WqWS , Z1-\ ,1`dx L�\*ZZ*;B9MD �/Z*V\ ]\4/Z11 �*V\, S �d/* ab*WS dh1ZSV*YS �Sada*S /*31 Z*]Sa*WS VZS-S �S+WSSD ˛Z*1jn V*VS1H � ˙*E obSVZS-S Z*4m,*pbaq Sf SY1Z*YSB ]SanY\ �*V\,* S ]SanY\�d/mD

�\bq , �S+WSS Z1 -\,\`SbaqE V*V 4,*WS a1ab �1` �Sada*E Ym4Z*1YE hb\ d Z1-\ +mW\ ]\ V`*yZ1y Y1`1 /,1 a1ab`mD �\ Y\-OW\ +mbn S +\Wnj1D �b*WS WS a �1ab`m �Sada* 1-\ dh1ZSV*OYSH � � �S+WSS \+ ob\Y ZSh1-\ Z1 -\,\`SbaqE ]\ob\Yd YmZ1 Y\31Y 4Z*bn b\hZ\D �\ ]\h1Yd �Sada a]`\aSWB wb\ Y\qY*bn S Vb\ Y\S +`*bnqHx � ˙*,*y d4Z*1YD

\-/* �Sada dhSW a,\Sf dh1ZSV\,E Vb\Ob\ ]1`1+SW 1-\ SaV*4*WB w�\bE b,\q Y*bn S b,\S +`*bnq ab\qb Z* dWSg1 S f\bqb

xy � � � � � 8 7 vw

�� "��&) �

�˚��%H

222

]\-\,\`Sbn a b\+\yxD �\-/* �Sada `1jSW ]`1]\/*bn ,*3Zmyd`\VD �Z a]`\aSWB wb\ Y\q Y*bn S Vb\ Y\S +`*bnqHx �E dV*O4*, `dV\y Z* a,\Sf dh1ZSV\,E \Z aV*4*WB w�\bE Y\q Y*bn S Y\S+`*bnqIx

˛*b1Y �Sada ]\qaZSW a,\S aW\,*B w�+\ Vb\ Sa]\WZq1b,\Wp Y\1-\ �bg*E V\b\`my Z* Z1+1E b\b YZ1 +`*bE S a1ab`*E SY*bnx L�*be1q 56B8;P9>MD �4 obSf aW\, ,S/Z\E Z*aV\WnV\+WS4\V +mW �Sada a\ a,\SYS dh1ZSV*YSD h1ZSVS /Wq Z1-\+mWS ]\/\+Zm `\/ZmY +`*bnqY S a �1ab`*YE \ZS +mWS 1YdaW\,Z\ `\/Z*q Y*bnD

� b\ ,`1Yq `\/Zm1 +`*bnq �Sada* P �*V\,E �\aSeE�SY\Z S �d/* P Z1 ,1`SWSE hb\ \Z +mW �mZ\Y �\-*D ˙\WO3Z\ +mbnE \ZS Z1 ]\,1`SWS b\YdE hb\ aV*4*W *Z-1W �*,`SSWSf Y*b1`SE �*`SS L�dVS 5B7>P77MD �ZSE ,\4Y\3Z\E /*31aY1qWSan Z*/ �Sada\Y S ]W\f\ aZSY \+`*k*WSanD �1fE Vb\ b*V ]\abdO]*1bE Z1Wn4q Z*4,*bn Z*ab\qkSYS

�b\E ]\ aW\,*Y �Sada*E1-\ +`*bnq S a �1ab`mH

�� "� ��&) � ��˚��%H

+`*bnqYS S a �1ab`*YSD � bm 4Z*1jn V\-\OZS+d/nE Vb\ ]W\f\\+`*k*1baq a\ a,\SYS +`*bnqYS S a �1ab`*YSH �

� �S+WSS `*aaV*4m,*1baq \+ �a*,1 S �*V\,1D �/Z*3/m�a*, b*V `*4\4WSWaq Z* a,\1-\ +`*b*E hb\ aV*4*WB w) d+np �*OV\,*E +`*b* Y\1-\xD �f Y*bnE �1,1VV*E Z*ab\WnV\ Sa]d-*W*anEhb\ \b]`*,SW* �*V\,* , /`d-dp ab`*ZdE hb\+m a]*abS 1-\ \b`dV �a*,* L�mbS1 6;B85P8:MD �/Z*V\ a]dabq YZ\-\ W1b�a*, aYq-hSWaq S ]`S ,ab`1h1 /*31 \+ZSY*W Sg1W\,*W �*V\,* L�mbS1 77B8MD

�\ ,`1Y1Z1Y d �*V\,* `\/SW\an 56 amOZ\,1yD �\ ab*`jS1 amZ\,nq Z1 Wp+SWS a,\1O-\ YW*/j1-\ +`*b* �\aSe*D �ZS 4*,S/\,*WS1YdE ]\b\Yd hb\ \Z +mW Wp+SYmY amZ\YSf \bg*D �`*bnq ]`\/*WS �\aSe* `*+\b\`O-\,g*YE V\b\`m1 jWS , ˚-S]1bD � \bgdaV*4*WSE hb\ �\aSe* `*ab1`4*W fSkOZmy 4,1`n L�mbS1 7;B67P7:MD �*4,1ob\ Z1 d3*aZ\H �

\4/Z11 +`*bnq �\aSe* ]\3*OW1WS \ b\YE hb\ \ZS a/1W*WSD \oOb\Yd �\aSe ]`\abSW SfD ˛*Y1bSWWS bmE hb\ �\aSe , ob\Y aWdh*1+mW ]\f\3 Z* �Sada*H � \-/*�Sada \V*4*Waq , \]*aZ\abSE 1-\*]\ab\Wm d+13*WSE \ab*,S, 1-\

�1Yd dhSb Z*a b\E hb\aWdhSW\an a �*SZ\YS �,1W1YH

��& �˚�� ˚�)

\/Z\-\E * �1b` /*31 \b` �1Vaq \b Z1-\D �1Y Z1 Y1Z11E V*V S�\aSeE �Sada ]`\abSW a,\Sf *]\ab\W\,D

� ,\b 1k �1 ]`SY1` /,df +`*bn1,E *SZ* S �,1WqD �4 Z1-\Y\3Z\ YZ\-\Yd Z*dhSbnaqD �\- d,S/1WE hb\ , a1`/g1 *SZZ1 Wp+Sb �,1WqD \ob\Yd \Z ]\a\,1b\,*W 1Yd S4Y1ZSbn a,\ �1\bZ\j1ZS1 V +`*bdD ˚aWS +m *SZ ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd Wp+SW �\O-*E \Z \+q4*b1WnZ\ ]\aWdj*Waq +m 1-\ a\,1b*D �\ d Z1-\ Z1+mW\ Wp+,S V �1-\,1D �/Z*3/m *SZ ]`1/W\3SW �,1WpBw \y/ �1Y , ]\W1xD � �,1Wn ]\j �1WD \-/* \ZS \ab*WSan , ]\OW1 \/ZSE *SZ S4\ ,a1y aSWm d/*`SW +`*b* S d+SW 1-\ L�mbS18B6P<MD

� �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ Z*Y Zd3Z\ Z*dhSbnaq S4 ob\-\aWdh*q ,*3Z\Yd d`\VdD ˛Z*1jn V*V\YdH � w�\b ,1abnE V\b\O`dp ,m aWmj*WS \b Z*h*W*E hb\ Ym /\W3Zm Wp+Sbn /`d- /`dO-*E Z1 b*VE V*V *SZE V\b\`my +mW \b ˛W\-\xD �b*VE +`*bnq Sa �1ab`m /\W3Zm Wp+Sbn /`d- /`d-*D �ZS Z1 /\W3Zm +mbn ]\Of\3SYS Z* *SZ* L5 �\*ZZ* 7B55E 56MD

\h1Yd Ym Z1 f\bSY +mbn ]\f\3SYS Z* *SZ*H � \Ob\Yd hb\ , �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ \Z w+mW \b ˛W\-\xE �*b*Zm˙nq,\W*D \aV\WnVd *SZ , �1W a1+qE V*V ˙nq,\WE Y\3Z\ aV*O4*bnE hb\ ˙nq,\W +mW 1-\ �bg\YD

�1]1`n bm ]\ZSY*1jnE V*V ,*3Z\ Wp+Sbn a,\Sf +`*bn1,S a1ab �1`H � ˚aWS Ym Sf Z1 Wp+SYE hnSY /1bqY Ym ]\/`*3*O1YH � ˙1bqY ˙nq,\W*D � `*4,1 bm f\h1jn +mbn ]\f\3SY Z*ZSfH � *V b1+1 ]\V*4*bnE hb\ bm \b �\-*H � `\q,Wqy Z*Oab\qkdp Wp+\,n V a,\SY +`*bnqY S a �1ab`*YD

�\ hb\ b*V\1 Wp+\,nH � 'b\ -Wd+\V\1 ,Zdb`1ZZ11 hd,ab,\EV\b\`\1 ]\+d3/*1b Z*a /1W*bn /`d-SY /\+`\D �m ]`\q,Wq1YWp+\,nE 1aWS ]Sb*1Y V Wp/qY /\+`m1 hd,ab,* S ab*`*1Yaq/1W*bn /Wq ZSf hb\Ob\ f\`\j11D � Vb\ Z*jS +`*bnq S a �1ab`mEV\b\`mf Ym /\W3Zm Wp+SbnH � �a]\YZSE �Sada dhSWE hb\

�� "� ��&) � ��˚��%H

225

ob\ b1E Vb\ ]`SZ*/W13Sb V Z*j1y +\Wnj\y f`SabS*ZaV\ya1Yn1D

�\ Z*aV\WnV\ ,*3Z\ Wp+Sbn Z*jSf f`SabS*ZaVSf +`*Obn1, S a1ab �1`H � � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB wb\ Z1 Wp+Sb +`*b*a,\1-\ �SWS a1ab`d a,\p�E V\b\`\-\ ,S/1WE Z1 Y\31b Wp+Sbn�\-*E V\b\`\-\ Z1 ,S/1Wx L5 �\*ZZ* 8B6>MD \ob\Yd Z1,\4OY\3Z\ Wp+Sbn WSjn Z1aV\WnVSf f`SabS*ZD �*Y Zd3Z\ WpO+Sbn ,a1f +`*bn1, S a1ab �1`D �Sada aV*4*WB w \ b\Yd d4Z*pb,a1E hb\ ,m Y\S dh1ZSVSE 1aWS Y13/d ,*YS +d/1b Wp+\,nxL�\*ZZ* 57B79MD �p+Sjn WS bm ,a1f +`*bn1, S a1ab �1`H � \YZSE 1aWS Z1bE b\-/* bm Z1 Y\31jn ]\OZ*ab\qk1YdWp+Sbn �\-*D

� V*V ]\V*4*bnE hb\ Ym Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 Wp+SY Z*jSf +`*Obn1, S a1ab �1`H � ˚aWS Z*j* Wp+\,n SabSZZ*qE Ym Z1 +d/1YSf ab\`\ZSbnaq S S4+1-*bn a ZSYS `*4-\,*`S,*bnD �m a\ ,a1OYS +d/1Y /`d31Wp+ZmYSD �m +d/1Y /1W*bn /Wq ZSf /\+`\ S

,a1-/* +d/1Y k1/`mYSD � 1aWS \ZS ]\]*/db, +1/dE Ym ]`S/ �1Y SY Z* ]\Y\knE ,1/nYm P \/Z* +\Wnj*q a1YnqD

˚aWS Ym SaV`1ZZ1 Wp+SY ,a1fZ*jSf +`*bn1, S a1ab �1`E \ h �1Yob\ -\,\`SbH � � b\YE hb\Ym dh1ZSVS �Sada*E �1WSOV\-\ hSb1WqD � ,1/n ob\ b\EV h1Yd Ym ,a1 ab`1YSYaqE]`*,/*H �

� Wp+,S V Z*jSY +`*bnqYS a �1ab`*Y 4*]Sa*Z\ b*V31, �*W*b*Y :B5> S 5 �\*ZZ*8B<E 65D ˙*,*y \bV`\1Y obSabSfS S ]`\hSb*1Y SfD

�*V ]`\q,SbnWp+\,n V +`*bdH

226

��& �˚�� ˚�)

˙�˛&) P ob\ b1E a V1Y Z*Y ]`SqbZ\ \+k*bnaq S ]`\,\O/Sbn ,`1YqD �/Z*V\ \h1Zn ,*3Z\ ]`*,SWnZ\ ,m+SO`*bn a1+1 /`d41yD *V bm /dY*1jnE Vb\ Z*j a*Ymy

WdhjSy /`d-H � ˙*E ob\ �1-\,* �\-D

�\ Z* a*Y\Y WS /1W1 Ym Y\31Y +mbn /`d4nqYS �\O-*H � � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ �,`**YE V\b\`my 3SW , /`1,OZS1 ,`1Y1Z*E +mW w/`d-\Y �1-\,mx L�*V\,* 6B67MD ˛Z*1jn]\h1YdH � �,`**Y aWdj*Waq �\-*D �Z aWdj*Waq 1-\ /*31b\-/*E V\-/* ,m]\WZSbn �\3n1 ]\`dh1ZS1 +mW\ \h1Zn b`d/OZ\D ˛Z*hSbE hb\+m +mbn /`d-\Y �1-\,mE Z*Y Zd3Z\ `*/\,*bn1-\E ]\/\+Z\ �,`**Yd S �1WSV\Yd hSb1Wp L�mbS1 66B5P58C�\*ZZ* <B6<E 6=C ˚,`1qY 55B<E 5;P5=MD

xy � � � � � 8 8 vw

˙��˝� �˚ �E�� (��

�\h1Yd�,`**Y Z*4,*Z

w/`d-\Y �1-\,mxH

�Sada aV*4*W a,\SY *]\ab\W*YB w�m Y\S /`d4nqE 1aWS /1OW*1b1 b\E hb\ q ]\,1W1,*p ,*Yx L�\*ZZ* 59B58MD � ]\aV\WnOVd ,a �1E h1Yd dhSW �SadaE Saf\/SW\ \b �1-\,mE �1WSVSyhSb1WnE ]\ adbSE -\,\`SWE hb\ 1-\ /`d4nq P ob\ b1E Vb\ aWdj*O1baq �\-*D ˙*E �Sada /`d3SW b\WnV\ a b1YSE Vb\ Wp+SW �\-*D

�WS4VSYS /`d4nqYS �1WSV\-\ hSb1Wq +mWS 1-\ *]\ab\WmESf Y\3Z\ d,S/1bn Z* V*`bSZV1 Z* ;9Oy ab`*ZSg1 ob\y VZSO-SD �ZS f\/SWS ,Y1ab1 a �Sada\Y S ]\Y\-*WS 1Yd , ]`\]\O,1/ZSh1aV\Y aWd31ZSSD �Sada ]`\,\/SW a ZSYS YZ\-\,`1Y1ZSD �ZS ,Y1ab1 1WSE -\,\`SWS \ �\-1 S 4*ZSY*WSan `*4OZmYS /1W*YSD �\ d �Sada* +mW\ YZ\-\ S /`d-Sf /`d41yD �ZZ1`1/V\ \ab*Z*,WS,*Waq d ZSfE S \ZS ,Y1ab1 f\`\j\ ]`\,\O/SWS ,`1YqD

�/Z* b*V*q a1Ynq 3SW* , /1`1,Z1 �Se*ZSqE Z1/*W1V\ \b�1`da*WSY*D �m ]\YZSjn obd a1YnpH � 'b\ +mWS �*`SqE�*`e* S Sf +`*b �*4*`nD �Sada Z*4m,*W �*4*`q a,\SY /`dO-\Y L�\*ZZ* 55B5E 9E 55MD �Sada \h1Zn Wp+SW obd a1YnpE S

�\h1Yd �Sada h*ab\ \ab*Z*,WS,*Waq d ob\y a1YnSEV\-/* j �1W , �1`da*WSYH ˛Z*1jnE V*V Sf 4\,dbH

228

1Yd Z`*,SW\an +m,*bn d ZSfE ]\b\Yd hb\ \ZS Wp+SWS �1-\,dS aWd3SWS ˚YdD

�\ ob\ Z1 4Z*hSbE hb\ �Sada Z1 +mW /\+` a b1YSE Vb\ Z1aWd3SW �\-dD �*]`\bS,E \Z /*31 ]`Sf\/SW V ZSY /\Y\y S\+1/*W d ZSfD �4O4* ob\-\ Z1V\b\`m1 /*31 -\,\`SWSE hb\ �SOada +mW w/`d-\Y a+\`kSV\, Z*W\-\, S -`1jZSV\,x L�*be1q55B5=MD �\ �Sada ]`Sf\/SW V obSY Wp/qY Z1 ]\b\YdE hb\ 1YdZ`*,SWaq Sf \+`*4 3S4ZSD �Z ]`Sf\/SWE hb\+m `*aaV*4*bnSY \+ �1-\,1D �Z ]\Y\-*W SY Sa]`*,Sbnaq S ab*bn aWd3Sb1OWqYS �\-*D

�\b hb\ ]`\S4\jW\ \/Z*3/m ]\ /\`\-1 , �1`da*WSYD \-O/* �Sada ]`\f\/SW h1`14 -\`\/ �1`Sf\ZE 4* ZSY aW1/\,*OW\ YZ\31ab,\ Wp/1yD �`1/S ZSf+mW S ˛*Vf1yD �Z \h1Zn f\b1Wd,S/1bn �Sada*D �\ , b\W]1 S4O4* Y*W1ZnV\-\ `\ab* 1Yd ob\ Z1d/*,*W\anD \ob\Yd \Z ]\+13*W,]1` �1/ S 4*+`*Waq Z* /1`1,\D ˛*OVf1y Z*/1qWaq d,S/1bn �SadOa*E V\-/* b\b +d/1b ]`\f\/SbnYSY\D

\/\y/q V b\Yd /1`1,dE �SOada ,4-WqZdW Z*,1`f S aV*4*W˛*Vf1pB w�]daV*yaq aV\O`11E a1-\/Zq q +d/d db1+q /\Y*xD �4,1abZ\Ehb\ ˛*Vf1y +mW +\-*bmYS `*4+\-*b1W Z1h1abZmY]db �1YD \h1Yd 31 b\-/*

˛*h1Y ˛*Vf1y 4*W14Z* /1`1,\H

˙�˝� � �˚��E �� (��

�Sada 4*f\b1W ]`SybS ,-\abS V b*V\Yd h1W\,1OVdH �

�Sada ]\j �1W Z1 ]\b\OYdE hb\ 1Yd Z`*,SWaq \+O`*4 3S4ZSE V\b\`my , �1W˛*Vf1yD �1bE �Sada f\Ob1W ]\-\,\`Sbn a ZSY \�\-1D \ZSY*qE V*V aSWnOZ\ ob\b h1W\,1V 31W*W1-\ d,S/1bnE �Sada ]\/dOY*WE hb\E ,1`\qbZ11 ,a1O-\E \Z +d/1b `*a]\W\31ZaWdj*bnD 'b\ +mW* f\`\Oj*q ,\4Y\3Z\abn ]\-\O,\`Sbn a ZSY \ b\YE hb ‹\�\- \3S/*1b \b Wp/1yD

h1Yd ]`S,1W* ob*,ab`1h*H � ˛*Vf1p \h1Zn]\Z`*,SW\an ,a �1E h1YddhSW �SadaD �Z `*aV*qWOaq , b\YE hb\ \+Y*Zm,*W

Wp/1yE S ]\\+1k*W ,1`Zdbn /1Zn-SE ]`S\+`1b �1ZZm1 Z1h1abOZmY ]db �1YD \4/Z11 \Z ab*W ]\aW1/\,*b1W1Y �Sada*D � b\WnOV\ ]\aW1 ob\-\ �Sada S ˛*Vf1y ab*WS /`d4nqYS L�dVS5=B5P5>MD

�d/1Y WS YmE ]\/`*3*q �1WSV\Yd hSb1WpE ]`Sf\/Sbn Vb1Y Wp/qYE V\b\`m1 Z1 q,Wqpbaq Z*jSYS /`d4nqYSH � ˙*EZ\ Z1 ]\b\YdE hb\ Ym \/\+`q1Y Sf \+`*4 3S4ZSD �m Z1 +dO/1Y dh*ab,\,*bn a ZSYS , ]W\fSf /1W*fD �m ]`S/ �1Y V ZSYb\WnV\ /Wq b\-\E hb\+m `*aaV*4*bn \ �\-1D

�\h1Yd �Sada ]`Sf\/SbV ˛*Vf1p S V*V\1 \+1k*ZS1/* �1b ˛*Vf1yH

230

��& �˚�� ˚�)

�WS4VS1 /`d4nq P ob\ b1E a V1Y Z*Y \a\+1ZZ\ ]`SqbZ\]`\,\/Sbn ,`1YqD \OZ*ab\qk1Yd f\`\jSY /`d-\Y Y\31b+mbn b\WnV\ b\bE V\-\ \/\+`q1b �\-D �1V\b\`m1 /*31 Z14Z*pb \ b\YE Vb\ b*V\y �1-\,*D �\ 1aWS \ZS 31W*pb ]\O4Z*V\YSbnaq a �\-\YE Ym a d/\,\Wnab,S1Y SY , ob\Y ]\Y\O31YD � V\-/* \ZS ]\Wp+qb �1-\,d ,a1Y a1`/g1YE b\-/* YmaY\31Y ab*bn a ZSYS +WS4VSYS /`d4nqYSD

�m+S`*q f\`\j1-\ /`d-*E ,*3Z\ dh1abn 1k �1 V\1Ohb\D \Z*+Wp/*y 4* 1-\ /1W*YSD ˙1W*1b WS \Z /`d-SY ]*V\OabSE hb\+m ]\b\Y ]\/Zqbn Sf Z* aY1fH �\ ,1/n ob\ Z1f\O`\j\E ]`*,/*H � \]*/*1b WS \Z ]\ab\qZZ\ , Z1]`SqbOZm1 Sab\`SSH �\ Ym 31 Z1 f\bSY +mbn 4*Y1j*Zm ,V*VSfOb\ ]W\fSf /1W*fE ,1/n b*VH � � Y\31bE \Z +14\+`*4OZSh*1b S -\`/Sbaq b1YE hb\ 1Yd ,a �1 af\/Sb a `dVH �\ /*O31 1aWS \Z \ab* �1baq Z1 Z*V*4*ZZmYE ,a1 1-\ /1W* ,S/Sb�\-E ]`*,/*H �d/1b WS b*V\y h1W\,1V /Wq Z*a f\`\jSY /`dO-\YH �

˙*,*y ,\4nY �1Y �S+WSp S ]\aY\b`SYE V*V /`d4nq ,WSqOpb Z* Z*jd 3S4ZnD �bV`\yE ]\3*Wdyab*E 5O1 \`SZeqOZ*YE 59Op -W*,dE 77Oy abSfD �*j �1WH � ˛/1an -\,\`SbaqB w�14*+Wd3/*yb1anD W\fS1 a\\+k1ab,* ]\`bqb ]\W14Zm1 ]`SO,mhVSxD 'b\ 4Z*hSbE hb\E 1aWS Ym \+k*1Yaq a ]W\fSYSWp/nYSE Ym a*YS Y\31Y ab*bn ]W\fSYSD � Z*\+\`\bE f\O`\j11 \+k1ZS1 ]\Y\-*1b `*4,S,*bn ]\W14Zm1 ]`S,mhVSD

˙*,*y ,a1-/* ]\YZSbnE hb\ a*YmY -W*,ZmY , Z*j1y 3S4OZS /\W31Z +mbn �1-\,*D � ,1/n Ym Z1 f\bSY ]\b1`qbn 1-\/`d3+dE ]`*,/*H � \ob\Yd Z*Y Zd3Z\ /`d3Sbn b\WnV\ ab1YSE Vb\ Wp+Sb �\-*D

� obSf abSf*f -\,\`Sbaq \ b\YE ]\h1Yd ,*3Z\ ]`*,SWnZ\ ,mO+S`*bn a1+1 /`d41yB �a*W\Y 55<B559C �`SbhS 57B6>C 6 SY\e1p6B66 S 5 �\*ZZ* 6B59D

˙�˝� � �˚��E �� (��

231

�% ˛��˚"& Y\WSb,dE V\b\`\y �Sada Z*dhSW a,\Sfdh1ZSV\,H � ˚aWS Z1bE /*,*y \bV`\1Y �S+WSp S ]`\OhSb*1Y �*be1q :B=P57D � ob\y Y\WSb,1E V\b\`dp

h*ab\ Z*4m,*pb w�bh1 Z*jxE 1abn b*VS1 aW\,*B w˙* ]`S/ �1bg*àb,\ b,\ �1xD � bm 4Z*1jnE hb\ b*V\1 �*àb,\ �\-*H �

˙*,*y ]\/dY*1YD �*`n P ob\ b\bE Vb\ ]`*,Sb V*V\yOWS+\ab`*Z\y SWS -\ad/*àb,\YD �*àb,\ P ob\ ]`*,W1ZS1 g*`qD� Z1V\b\`mf ab`*Z*f -W*,Zmy h1W\,1V , ]`*,Sb1Wnab,1 Z*O4m,*1baq ]`14S/1Zb\YD � V*V Z*4m,*1baq b\bE Vb\ -W*,Zmy ,�\3n1Y ]`*,Sb1Wnab,1H � �*`nD \ob\Yd �\3n1 ]`*,Sb1WnOab,\ Z*4m,*1baq �*àb,\YD

� 4Z*1jnE V\-\ �1-\,* �\- S4+`*W �*` �1Y , ob\Y ]`*O,Sb1Wnab,1H � �,\1-\ �mZ*E �Sada* �`Sab*D \h1Yd �SadaWdhj1 ,a1f ]`*,Sb1W1yE V\b\`mf S4+S`*pb Wp/SH � \b\Yd

xy � � � � � 8 9 vw

�� ˚ �� ˛��&E �� %˝˚��˚ ˚� ��˙�H

�*V\1 4*/*ZS1 �Sada /\W31Z +mW,m]\WZSbn Z* 41YW1H

hb\ �Sada Wp+Sb a,\1-\ �bg*E �1-\,dD �Z ,a1-/* ]\abd]*1b]`*,SWnZ\D

˚k �1 4*/\W-\ /\ b\-\E V*V �Sada `\/SWaq , �SeW11Y1E ,�S+WSS ]`1/aV*4m,*W\an 1-\ `\3/1ZS1 S -\,\`SW\anE hb\ \Zab*Z1b S4+`*ZZmY �\-\Y `*,Sb1W1YD ˙*,*y ]`\hSb*1Y \+ob\Y , �a*SS =B:E ;D � ]1`1,\/1 *`fSY*Z/`Sb* �*V*`Sq -\O,\`SbaqB w˙Sbq `\/SW\an Z*YC �mZ /*Z Z*YD � +d/1b g*àV*q,W*abn Z* `*Y1Z*f ˚-\E S Z*`1Vdb SYq ˚-\B tDDD�Zq4n YS`*rD�*a]`\ab`*Z1ZSp g*àb,* S YS`d Z1 +d/1b V\Zg*xD

˛Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd , ob\Y abSf1 `*,Sb1Wn �*àb,* �\-* Z*O4m,*1baq wZq41YxH � \b\Yd hb\ VZq4n P ob\ amZ g*`qD� �Sada P �mZ �1WSV\-\ �*`qE �1-\,mD `\Y1 b\-\E �1-\O,* ]\ab*,SW �Sada* �*` �1Y , a,\ �1Y ]`*,Sb1Wnab,1E V\b\`\1+d/1b d]`*,Wqbn 41YW �1y bmaqhd W1b L�bV`\,1ZS1 6>B:MD `1OabS,jSanE �Sada wZ*h*W ]`\]\,1/\,*bn S -\,\`SbnB t�*aV*yOb1anE S+\ ]`S+WS4SW\an g*àb,\ Z1+1aZ\1rx L�*be1q 8B5;MD

� V*V bm /dY*1jnE ]\h1Yd �Sada aV*4*WE hb\ �*àb,\ ]`SO+WS4SW\anH � \b\Yd hb\ �*`nE V\b\`my a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y /\WO31Z +mW Z*h*bn ]`*,Sbn Z* Z1+1E Z*f\/SWaq b\-/* `q/\Y aWp/nYSI �\b ]\h1Yd �Sada aV*4*W SYB w�*àb,\ �\-* a`1/S,*ax L�dVS 5;B65MD � f\b1W\an +m b1+1E hb\+m �*`n �1-\,m+mW `q/\YH �

\YZSjnE V*V\1 ,*3Z\1 4*/*ZS1 �Sada /\W31Z +mW ,mO]\WZSbn Z* 41YW1H � �Sada aV*4*WB w� /`d-SY -\`\/*Y q /\WO31Z ,\4,1k*bn +W*-dp ,1abn \ g*àb,1 �\-*E S+\ /Wq ob\-\ q]\aW*Zx L�dVS 8B87MD �Sada ]\ZSY*WE hb\ \/Z\Yd ,m]\WZSbnob\ 4*/*ZS1 ]`\ab\ Z1,\4Y\3Z\D �b\ 31 \Z a/1W*WH �

�Sada +`*W a a\+\y /`d-Sf S ]\V*4m,*W SYE V*V Zd3Z\]`\]\,1/\,*bnD �Z*h*W1 \Z \+dhSW 56 *]\ab\W\, L�*be1q

�� ˚ �� ˛��&E �� % ˝˚��˚� ˚�� ˙�H

233

5>B9E ;MD �\ b\WnV\ WS *]\ab\Wm +mWS \+dh1Zm ]`\]\,1/\O,*bnH �1bE , �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ �Sada b*V31 \+dhSW SYZ\-Sf /`d-SfD �\ ,`1Y1Z1Y \Z ,m+`*W /Wq aWd31ZSq 1k �1;> dh1ZSV\, S ]\aW*W Sf ]\ /,\1D �1Yd \ZS dhSWS Wp/1yH ��Sada ]\,1W1WB w�\,\`Sb1 SYB t `S+WS4SW\an V ,*Y g*àb,\�\-*rx L�dVS 5>B=MD �W*-\/*`q ob\Yd Wp/S d4Z*WS \ �\3n1Y]`*,Sb1Wnab,1D

\ /`1,Z1Yd \+mh*p Z\,m1 g*`S , �4`*SW1 ,l143*WS ,-\`\/ Z* \aW �1ZV1E hb\+m ]\V*4*bnaq Z*`\/dD \/\+ZmY 31\+`*4\Y ,l143*1b , �1`da*WSY �Sada ,\ ,`1Yq a,\1-\ ]\OaW1/Z1-\ ]db1j1ab,Sq , ob\b -\`\/D �1/n �Sada P +d/dkSy `*,Sb1Wn �\3n1-\ �*àb,*D � f\bqb WS Wp/SE hb\+m �Sada+mW Sf �*` �1YH �

\-/* �Sada 1/1b Z* \aW �1ZV1E YZ\-S1 `*aabSW*pb ]1`1/ZSY a,\S ,1`fZS1 \/13/mD ˙`d-S1 a`14*pb a /1`1,n1, ,1b,SS dabSW*pb SYS /\`\-dD �*V \ZS ]\V*4m,*pbE hb\ ]`SZSY*Opb �Sada* V*V a,\1-\ �*`qD �ZS ,\aVWSg*pbB w�W*-\aW\O,1Z �\bE Vb\ S/ �1b V*V �*`n ,\ SYq �1-\,mIx �\ `*/dpbaqZ1 ,a1D �1V\b\`m1 `1WS-S\4Zm1 `dV\,\/Sb1WS /*31 -\,\O`qb �SadadB w�V*3SE hb\+m b,\S dh1ZSVS 4*Y\Wh*WSx L�dVS5=B6<P8>MD

�1`14 ]qbn /Z1y �Sada* +1`db ]\/ ab`*3d S ]`S,\/qb ,\/,\`1g V ]`*,Sb1WpE \ZbSp SW*bdD �`*-S �Sada* \+,SZqOpb 1-\ , b\YE hb\ \Z ,m/* �1b a1+q 4* g*`q S ,mabd]*1b ]`\bS,`SYaV\-\ ]`*,Sb1Wnab,*D SW*b f\h1b 4Z*bnE b*V WS ob\ Z*a*Y\Y /1W1D �Sada \+lqaZq1bE hb\ \Z ZSV\-/* Z1 ab`1YSWaq V,W*abSD �Z -\,\`Sb SW*bdB w�*àb,\ Y\ �1 Z1 \b ob\-\ YS`*xL�\*ZZ* 5<B7:MD

�\-/* SW*b ,mf\/Sb V Z*`\/d S -\,\`SbB w) Z1 Z*f\O3d ,SZm , �Sada1xD �\ Wp/S d31 Z1 f\bqbE hb\+m �Sada+mW Sf �*` �1YD �ZS Z1 f\bqbE hb\+m 1-\ \a,\+\/SWS L�\*ZZ*

234

��& �˚�� ˚�)

5<B7;P8>MD SW*b aZ\,* -\,\`Sb a�Sada\Y S ]\ZSY*1bE hb\ ob\b h1OW\,1V Z1 a/1W*W ZSh1-\ ]W\f\-\D \Oob\YdE V\-/* SW*b , ]\aW1/ZSy `*4,m,\/Sb �Sada*E \Z -\,\`SbB w�Y\b`Sb1I �*j g*`nIx �\ WpO/S V`Sh*bB w˙\W\y 1-\I ˙\W\yI �* ab\W+ 1-\Ix

SW*b a]`*jS,*1bB w�*a]qbn Z* ab\W+1 ,*j1-\ g*`qHx �*hb\ ab*`jS1 a,qk1ZZSVS \b,1h*pbB w�1b d Z*a g*`qE V`\Y1V1a*`qxD \/dY*bn b\WnV\I 'bS 4Wm1 a,qk1ZZSVS aY\-WS Z*Oab`\Sbn Wp/1y ]`\bS, �Sada*I L�\*ZZ* 5=B5P5:MD

� a1-\/Zq Y*W\ hb\ S4Y1ZSW\anD �\WnOjSZab,\ Wp/1y Z1 f\bqbE hb\+m �Sada +mW

�\h1Yd Wp/S +\Wnj1Z1 f\b1WSE hb\+m

�Sada +mW Sf �*` �1YH

Sf �*` �1YD �ZS Y\-db -\,\`SbnE hb\ ,1`qb , �\-*EZ\ /1W*bn b\E hb\ SY ,1WSb �\- SWS �`Sab\aE \ZS Z1

f\bqbD �ZS f\bqb SY1bn a,\ �1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ 4/1anE Z*41YW1D

� YmH �b\ hd,ab,d1Y YmE d4Z*, \ �\3n1Y �*`ab,1 S b1f]`1V`*aZmf +W*-\aW\,1ZSqfE V\b\`m1 \Z\ ]`SZ1a �1bH � �mhd,ab,d1Y Wp+\,n V �\-dE Z1 b*V WSH � � V*V ]`\q,Sbn a,\pWp+\,n V �\-d S ]\V*4*bnE hb\ Ym 31W*1Y 3Sbn ]\/ ]`*,W1OZS1Y 1-\ �*`ab,*H �

�*Y Zd3Z\ ]\/`*3*bn �SadadD *V �Sada ]`\q,WqW WpO+\,n V �1-\,1H � w) ,a1-/* /1W*p b\E hb\ 1Yd d-\/Z\xEPaV*4*W �1WSVSy hSb1Wn L�\*ZZ* <B6=MD ˙*E �Sada ]`Sj �1WZ* 41YWpE hb\+m wSa]\WZSbn ,\Wpx �\-* S w4*,1`jSbn /1W\1-\x L˚,`1qY 5>B;C �\*ZZ* 8B78MD ˙*,*y ]\aY\b`SYE hb\ a/1OW*W �Sada ]1`1/ b1YE V*V Z*h*W ]`\]\,1/\,*bnD

�Sada ]`Sj �1W V �\*ZZd `1abSb1Wp Z* `1Vd �\`/*ZD�ZS ,\jWS , `1VdE S �\*ZZ ]\WZ\abnp ]\-`d4SW �Sada*, ,\/dE * 4*b1Y ]\/ZqW 1-\D ˛Z*1jnE ]\h1Yd �\*ZZ V`1abSW�Sada*H �

�+ ob\Y 1-\ ]\]`\aSW a*Y �SadaD � \bVd/* Ym 4Z*1YEhb\ �\- f\b1WE hb\+m �Sada V`1abSWaqH � \-/* �Sada,mj1W S4 ,\/mE a Z1+*

�\h1Yd �Sada V`1abSWaqS V*V �\- ,m`*4SW 1Yd

a,\ �1 \/\+`1ZS1H

��& �˚�� ˚�)

`*4/*Waq -\W\a �\-*B w�m P �mZ Y\yE,\4Wp+W1ZZmyE q \/\+`qp b1+qxD �\- /*O31 /*W �Sadad a,qb\y /dfE V\b\`my\]dabSWaq , ,S/1 -\Wd+qD �,\SY V`1k1OZS1Y �Sada ]\V*4*WE hb\ 31W*1b aWd3Sbn�1-\,1 ,ap a,\p 3S4Zn P ,ap ,1hZ\abnL�*`V* 5B=P55MD

b1+q 1k �1 ,a �1 ,]1`1/SD �b\ bm +dO/1jn /1W*bnE V\-/* ab*Z1jn ]\ab*Òj1H � ˛*f\h1jn WS bm V`1abSbnaqE]\/\+Z\ �SadadH � �1+1 Zd3Z\ ]\/O`*3*bn 1YdE ,1/n , �S+WSS -\,\`SbOaqE hb\ \Z \ab*,SW Z*Y ]`SY1È hb\+mYm , b\hZ\abS aW1/\,*WS ]\ 1-\ ab\O]*Y L5 1b`* 6B65MD �,\SY V`1k1ZSO1Y bm ]\V*31jnE hb\ 31W*1jn 3Sbn]\/ ]`*,W1ZS1Y �*àb,* �\-*D �\ \/OZ\-\ V`1k1ZSq Z1/\ab*b\hZ\D

�*Y Zd3Z\ aWdj*bnaq �Sada* ,\,a �1YD �Z aV*4*WE hb\+m Ym +mWS wZ1\b YS`*xD `\q,SY WS Ym ]\aWdj*ZS1E1aWS +d/1Y dh*ab,\,*bn , /1W*f ob\-\ YS`*H�Sada S 1-\ *]\ab\Wm /1`3*WSan , ab\`\Z1 \b b*OVSf /1W L�\*ZZ* 5;B58MD � h1Y \ZS 4*ZSY*WSanH � �ZS `*aOaV*4m,*WS /`d-SY \ �*àb,1 �\-*D 'b\ +mW\ -W*,ZmY , Sf3S4ZSD �\31Y WS Ym ]\/`*3*bn SY , ob\YH � ˙*E 1aWS YmSaV`1ZZ1 Y\WSYaq \ ]`Sf\/1 �*àb,* �\-*E Ym +d/1Y `*aOaV*4m,*bn \ Z �1Y /`d-SYD

�*V ]\V*4*bnE hb\ Ym 31W*1Y ]`Sf\/* �*àb,* �\-*H �bO,1b Ym Z*y/ �1Y , aW1/dpkSf abSf*fB *be1q :B68P77C 68 B58C5 �\*ZZ* 6B59P5; S 9B7D

�/1 Ym Y\31Y `*aaV*4m,*bn /`d-SY\ �*àb,1 �\-*H

237

�% ��̇ �O�� ̇ & aWmj*W \ V\Zg1 a,1b*H � +ob\Y a1-\/Zq -\,\`qb YZ\-S1D 1V\b\`m1 ahSb*pbEhb\ YS` ]\-S+Z1b , ,\yZ1E V\-/* Wp/S ]`SY1Zqb

q/1`Z\1 \`d3S1D � V*V bm /dY*1jnE ]\4,\WSb WS �\- ]\-dO+Sbn Z*jd V`*aS,dp ]W*Z1bdH �

�*V Ym d4Z*WSE , �S+WSS -\,\`Sbaq \+ dZShb\31ZSSYS`*D w�S` ]`\f\/SbxEP Z*]Sa*Z\ , �S+WSS L5 �\*ZO

Z* 6B5;MD \ \4Z*h*1b WS ob\E hb\ 41YWq ]\-S+Z1bH �1bE , �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ �\- a\b,\`SW 41YWp

w/Wq 3Sb1Wnab,*xD ˙*E \Z f\b1WE hb\+m Wp/S

xy � � � � � 8 : vw

��˙� ��˝�˚� � D�� ) � '�� H

�*V\y YS`+mW dZShb\31Z

,\ /ZS �\qH

,a1-/* 3SWS Z* 41YW1 S hb\+m \ZS +mWS ah*abWS,m L�a*Sq89B5<MD � a*WY1 7:B6= -\,\`SbaqB w `*,1/ZSVS Z*aW1/dpb41YWp S +d/db 3Sbn Z* Z1y ,\,1VxD �\b ]\h1Yd , �S+WSSaV*4*Z\E hb\ 41YWq +d/1b adk1ab,\,*bn ,1hZ\ L a*W\Y 5>7B9C˚VVW1aS*ab 5B8MD

�\ 1aWS dZShb\31ZS1 YS`* Z1 \4Z*h*1bE hb\ 41YWq ]\-S+OZ1bE V*V b\-/* ]\Zqbn ob\ ,m`*31ZS1H � �b\+m d4Z*bn ob\E/*,*y ]`1/ab*,SY a1+1E hb\ ]`\Saf\/SW\ ,\ /ZS �\qD � �S+OWSS Ym hSb*1YB wdk1ab,\,*,jSy b\-/* YS` +mW ]\-d+W1ZEV\-/* 1-\ 4*b\]SWS ,\/mx L6 1b`* 7B:MD

1`13SW WS Vb\OZS+d/n dZShb\31ZS1 YS`* ,\ ,`1Yq \Ob\]* ,\ /ZS �\qH � � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ �\- w�\qE ]`\O]\,1/ZSV* ]`*,1/Z\abSE S a ZSY 1k �1 a1Y1`mf a\f`*ZSWEV\-/* Z*, �1W ]\b\] Z* YS` Z1h1abS,mfx L6 1b`* 6B9MD

�b*VE V*V\y YS` ]`Sj �1W V V\ZgdH �b\ ob\ +mW\B dZSOhb\31ZS1 41YWS SWS ]W\fSf Wp/1yH � � �S+WSS -\,\O`SbaqE hb\ ob\ +mW V\Z1g wYS`* Z1h1abS,mfxD ˛*Y1bnE hb\�\y Z*4m,*1baq w]`\]\,1/ZSV\YxD *V bm /dY*1jnE \ h �1Y\Z ]`\]\,1/\,*WH � �\y ]`1/d]`13/*W Wp/1y \ V\Zg1 wadOk1ab,\,*,j1-\ b\-/* YS`*xD

�Sada `*aaV*4*W a,\SY dh1ZSV*YE h1Y Wp/S 4*ZSY*WSan]1`1/ \b\]\YD �\b 1-\ aW\,*B w*V , b1 /ZS ]1`1/ ]\b\]\Y�Wp/S� 1WS S ]SWSE 31ZSWSan S ,mf\/SWS 4*Yd3 /\ b\-\ /ZqEV\-/* ,\j �1W �\y , V\,h1-E S Z1 4*/dYm,*WSanE ]\V* Z1 ]`SOj �1W ]\b\] S Z1 dZ �1a ,a1fxD ˛*b1Y �Sada \+lqaZSWE hb\ ]1O`1/ V\Zg\Y ob\-\ YS`* Wp/S +d/db ,1abS a1+q b\hZ\ b*V 31L�*be1q 68B7;P7=MD

*V ]\V*4m,*pb aW\,* �Sada*E Ym Y\31Y YZ\-\Yd Z*OdhSbnaq S4 b\-\E hb\ ]`\Saf\/SW\ /\ \b\]*D ˙*,*y ,a]\YOZSY 5>Op -W*,d ob\y VZS-SD *VSYS +mWS Wp/S ]1`1/

��˙� ��˝�˚� ��D ��) �� '�� H

239

\b\]\YH � �1V\b\`m1 +mWS 31ab\VSYS S S4/1,*WSan Z*//`d-SYSD �\ YZ\-S1E V*V aV*4*W �SadaE ]`\ab\ Z1 aWdj*WSEV\-/* �\- ]\aW*W �\q ]`\]\,1/\,*bnD

� ,\b ]`Sj �1W /1ZnE V\-/* �1-\,* aV*4*W �\pE hb\ \ZZ*,1/ �1b ]\b\] S ]\-d+Sb ,a1f 4Wmf Wp/1yD �\/m +d/1b b*VYZ\-\E hb\ \Z* ]\V`\1b ,ap 41YWp S /*31 ,1`jSZm -\`D�1-\,* ]\,1W1W �\p ]\ab`\Sbn \-`\YZmy V\,h1-D \,h1- Pob\ +\Wnj\y /WSZZmy qkSVD �Z ,m-Wq/1W ]`SY1`Z\ b*VEV*V ]\V*4*Z\ Z* ab`*ZSg1 67<D

�\- aV*4*WE hb\ V\,h1- /\W31Z +mbn b*VSY +\WnjSYE hb\O+m , Z �1Y Y\-W* ]\Y1abSbnaq ,aq a1Ynq �\q S YZ\O31ab,\ 3S,\bZmfD \ob\Yd �\p S 1-\ a1Yn1 ]`SjW\anYZ\-\ b`d/SbnaqD �ZS `d+SWS \-`\YZm1 /1`1,nq S S4 +` �1O,1Z ab`\SWS V\,h1-D 'b\b V\,h1- +mW \h1Zn +\WnjSYD � ]`\OjW\ YZ\-\OYZ\-\ W1bE ]`13/1 h1Y \ZS 4*,1`jSWS a,\p`*+\bdD

� ]\YZSjnE h1Y 1k �1 4*ZSY*Waq �\y ]\YSY\ ab`\Sb1WnOab,* V\,h1-*H � ˙*E ,a1 obS -\/m \Z ]`\]\,1/\,*WE ]`1/dO]`13/*q Wp/1y \ Z*/,S-*pk1Yaq \b\]1D `SaWdj*Waq WSVb\OZS+d/n V 1-\ aW\,*YH �\WnV\ 1-\ a1YnqD �ab*WnZm1 +mWSaWSjV\Y 4*Zqbm /`d-SYS /1W*YSD \YZSjnE h1Y \ZS 4*ZSOY*WSanH �b\ \+ ob\Y aV*4*W �SadaH � 'bS Wp/S 1WSE ]SWSE31ZSWSan S ,mf\/SWS 4*Yd3D �ZS Z1 ahSb*WS a1+q ]W\fSYSWp/nYS S Z1 d/1WqWS ,`1Y1ZS Z* b\E hb\+m ]\aWdj*bn �\qD˙*,*y d4Z*1YE hb\ a ZSYS ]`\S4\jW\D

\-/* �\y S 1-\ a1Ynq ,\jWS , V\,h1-E �1-\,* a*Y4*V`mW 4* ZSYS /,1`nD �ab*WnZm1 P b1E Vb\ Z1 ,\j �1W ,V\,h1-EP b*V S Z1 ]\,1`SWSE hb\ Z*hZ �1baq \b\]D �\Z1\3S/*ZZ\ a Z1+* ]\WSW*an ,\/*D 'b\ +mW Z1 ]`\ab\\+mhZmy /\3/nD �\/* WSW* V*V S4 ,1/`*I �aV\`1 ,\/* ]`1O,`*bSW*an , +d`Zm1 ]\b\VSE V\b\`m1 a ` �1,\Y aYm,*WS ,a �1

240

��& �˚�� ˚�)

Z* a,\ �1Y ]dbSD �ZS ,mV\`h �1,m,*WS /1`1,nq S ]1`1/,S-*WS\-`\YZm1 ,*WdZmE aW\,Z\ ob\ +mWS Y1WVS1 V*Y1jVSD � hb\aWdhSW\an a Wp/nYSE V\b\`m1 Z1 ,\jWS , V\,h1-H � �SadaaV*4*WB w `Sj �1W ]\b\] S dZ �1a ,a1fxD ˙*E ,a1 obS Wp/S ]\O-S+WSD �\ ]\h1YdH � *V aV*4*W �SadaE w\ZS Z1 4*/dYm,*OWSanxD ˙*E \ZS Z1 aWdj*WSI L�*be1q 68B7=C �mbS1 :B9P;MD

�a]\YZSB �Sada -\,\`SWE hb\ ,a �1 ob\ aWd3Sb /Wq Z*a d`\OV\YD �1Yd dhSb Z*a Sab\`Sq a \b\]\YH � � \b\]1 ]\-S+OWS Z1 b\WnV\ 4Wm1 Wp/SE Z\ S b1E Vb\ +mW aWSjV\Y 4*ZqbE

hb\+m d4Z*,*bn \ �\-1 S \ b\YE hb\ \Z a\+S`*1baq a/1OW*bnD �*Y ,*3Z\ ,ZSY*b1WnZ\ aW1/Sbn 4* a\+\yEhb\+m Z1 ab*bn ]\f\3SYS Z* b1f Wp/1yE a\-W*Oa1ZH �

� V*V bm /dY*1jnE +d/1b WS �\- V\-/*OZS+d/n aZ\,* dZShb\3*bn YS` , ]\b\]1H ��1bE �\- ]\\+1k*WE hb\ Z1 +d/1b ob\-\ /1OW*bnD �Z aV*4*WB w) /*p , \+W*V1 Y\p`*/d-dE S \Z* +d/1b 4Z*Y1ZS1YxD ˙*E �1O-\,* aV*4*WE hb\ `*/d-* +d/1b 4Z*Y1ZSO1Y b\-\E hb\ wZSV\-/* +\Wnj1 ,\/m Z1ab*Zdb ]\b\]\Y /Wq Sab`1+W1ZSq ,a1y]W\bSx L�mbS1 =B55P5;E ��MD

�m Y\31Y +mbn d,1`1ZmE hb\ �1O-\,* ZSV\-/* +\Wnj1 Z1 +d/1b dZSOhb\3*bn YS` , ]\b\]1D �/Z*V\EV*V Ym d,S/1WSE , �S+WSS ,a �131 -\,\`Sbaq \ V\Zg1 YS`*D b\\ab*Z1baq , 3S,mfE V\-/* �\-dZShb\3Sb ob\b YS`H � �\31bEb1E Vb\ +mW b*V 4*Zqb a,\SYS

�\h1Yd ,*3Z\ /dY*bn Z1 b\WnV\ \ b\YEhb\+m ,1a1WSbnaq S \b/mf*bnH

��˙� ��˝�˚� ��D ��) �� '�� H

/1W*YSE hb\ Z1 f\b1W d4Z*,*bn \ �\-1H �WS b1E d V\-\ ZSV\-O/* Z1 f,*b*W\ ,`1Y1ZS Z* S4dh1ZS1 �S+WSSH *V bm /dY*O1jnH �

�m f\bSY \V*4*bnaq a`1/S b1fE V\Yd �\- a\f`*ZSb 3S4ZnEZ1 b*V WSH � `*,/*E +d/1b 4/\`\,\E 1aWS Z*j* a1Ynq +d/1b]\f\3* Z* a1Ynp �\q S �\- a]*a �1b Z*aH � ˚aWS Ym f\bSY]1`13Sbn V\Z1g YS`*E Z*Y Z1\+f\/SY\ 4Z*bnE V*V �\- dZSOhb\3Sb ob\b YS` S V*V \Z dab*Z\,Sb ]`*,1/Zmy Z\,my YS`D˙*,*y ob\ \+ad/SYD

˛/1an Z*Y ]\Y\31b �S+WSqD � VZS-1 ˙*ZSSW*E ,\ 6Oy-W*,1E 88OY abSf1E -\,\`Sbaq \ Z*j1Y ,`1Y1ZSD �m hSb*O1YB w� ,\ /ZS b1f g*àb, �\- Z1+1aZmy ,\4/,S-Z1b g*àb,\�SWS ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\�E V\b\`\1 ,\,1VS Z1 `*4`djSbaqE S g*Òab,\ ob\ Z1 +d/1b ]1`1/*Z\ /`d-\Yd Z*`\/dC \Z\ a\V`djSb S`*4`djSb ,a1 g*àb,*E * a*Y\ +d/1b ab\qbn ,1hZ\xD

�1+1 ]\Zqb1Z ob\b abSfH � ˛/1an -\,\`SbaqE hb\ �\3n1]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ `*4`djSb ,a1 adk1ab,dpkS1 a1yh*a ]`*,SOb1Wnab,* Wp/1yD \h1YdH � \b\Yd hb\ \ZS Z1 ]\,SZdpbaqS4+`*ZZ\Yd �\-\Y �*`pD � Vb\ ob\b �*`nH � ˙*E ob\ �Sada�`Sab\aI

�1-\,* �\- ,]`*,1 `1j*bnE V*V\1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\ +d/1bd]`*,Wqbn 41YW �1yD � \Z S4+`*W �*` �1Y a,\1-\ �mZ*E �Sada*D�aV\`1 �\3Sy `*,Sb1WnE �Sada �`Sab\aE ]\W\3Sb V\Z1g,a1Y ]`*,Sb1Wnab,*Y ob\-\ YS`*D � �S+WSSE , �bV`\,1ZSSE ,5=Oy -W*,1E a 55O-\ ]\ 5:Oy abSfE \]Sam,*1baqE V*V \Z +d/1bob\ /1W*bnD � ob* V*`bSZV* ]\Y\-*1b Z*Y ]`1/ab*,Sbn ob\Z*-Wq/Z\D �\yZ* �\-*E , V\b\`\y \Z dZShb\3Sb ,a1 ]`*,SOb1Wnab,* ob\-\ YS`*E Z*4m,*1baq , �S+WSS �*Ò�*-1/\ZE SWS�`Y*-1//\ZD

˙*E �\- \+1k*1bE hb\ 1-\ �*àb,\ ]\W\3Sb V\Z1g ,a1Y]`*,Sb1Wnab,*Y Wp/1yD � f\h1b WS �\-E hb\+m Ym dh*ab,\O

242

��& �˚�� ˚�)

,*WS , ob\y ,\yZ1H � �1bE , �S+OWSS �`Y*-1//\Z Z*4m,*1baq w,\yZ\y,1WSV\-\ /Zq �\-* �a1Y\-dk1-\x L�bOV`\,1ZS1 5:B58E 5:MD ˙*E �`Y*-1/O/\Z P ob\ ,\yZ* �\-*E S ,1abS obd,\yZd +d/db �Sada �`Sab\a S 1-\ Z1+1aOZm1 ,\SZmE *Z-1WmD �\ V*V aV\`\ Z*hOZ �1baq ob* ,\yZ*H �+ ob\Y Ym d4Z ‹*1Y ,aW1/dpk1y -W*,1D

˙*,*y ]`\hSb*1Y \ b\Y ,`1Y1ZSEV\-/* �\- dZShb\3Sb 4Wmf S a]*a �1bb1fE Vb\ 1Yd aWd3SbB �`SbhS 6B65E 66C�a*Sq 6:B6>E 65C �1`1YSq 69B75P77 S*be1q 68B65E 66D

�Sada �`Sab\aE S4+`*ZZmy �\-\Y�*`nE dZShb\3Sb ob\b YS`

, �`Y*-1//\Z1D

˛��˚"&E hb\ b*V\1 ]`S4Z*VH � � 8:Oy -W*,1 Ym hSb*WS\ b\YE hb\ �\- /*W 4Z*Y1ZS1E SWS ]`S4Z*VE ]\\+1k*,b1Y a*YmY ZSV\-/* +\Wnj1 Z1 dZShb\3*bn ob\b YS`

, ]\b\]1D �]\ab\Wm b\31 ]`\aSWS /*bn SY ]`S4Z*VE ]\ V\Ob\`\Yd \ZS Y\-WS +m d4Z*bnE V\-/* ,1`Z �1baq �Sada S V\-O/* ]`S/ �1b V\Z1g ob\Yd YS`dE SWS aSab1Y1 ,1k1y L�*be1q68B7MD

\aV\WnVd Z* Z1+1 d,S/1bn �Sada* Z1,\4Y\3Z\E Z1\+f\O/SY +mW qaZmy ]`S4Z*VE ]\ V\b\`\Yd Wp/S aY\-WS +md4Z*bnE hb\ \Z Z*h*W ]`*,SbnD \ob\Yd �Sada `*aaV*4*WE hb ‹\+d/1b ]`\Saf\/Sbn Z* 41YW1D �Z aV*4*WEZ* V*VS1 a\+mbSq 1-\ dh1ZSV*YZd3Z\ \+`*bSbn \a\+\1 ,ZSY*OZS1D \-/* obS a\+mbSq Z*hZdbSa]\WZqbnaqE +d/1b qaZ\E hb\ �SOada ,1`ZdWaq S Z*h*W ]`*,Sbn Z*Z1+1 V*V �*`nD

xy � � � � � 8 ; vw

��̇ � % ˛��˚ E �� ˚˙˙� ��˛�

�1Yd f\b1W Z*dhSbn Z*a�SadaE V\-/* -\,\`SW\+ SZ3S`1H 244

˝1W*q ]\V*4*bn dh1ZSV*YE V*V ,*3Z\ +mbn+/Sb1WnZmYSE �Sada aV*4*WB w \aY\b`Sb1 Z*SZ3S` S Z* ,a1 /`d-S1 /1`1,nqB V\-/* \ZS d31`*a]dabSWSanE ,mE ,S/q ob\E a*YS 4Z*1b1E hb\ W1Ob\ b1]1`n +WS4V\xD �m ,1/n 4Z*1jnE V*V \]`1/1OWSbnE hb\ Z*abd]*1b W1b\D �\hZ\ b*V 31E V\-/* bmd,S/SjnE hb\ aW\,* �Sada* a+m,*pbaqE bm ]\yOY �1jnE hb\ �`Y*-1//\Z +WS4V\ L�dVS 65B6=E 7>MD

�* ob\y S Z* aW1/dpk1y ab`*ZSg*f S4\+`*O31Zm a\+mbSqE V\b\`m1E V*V aV*4*W �SadaE q,OWqpbaq h*abnp ]`S4Z*V*D �ZS dV*4m,*pb Z*

1

2

3

4

5 6

b\E hb\ �*àb,\ �\-* +WS4V\D \-/* ,a �1 ob\ Sa]\WZSbaqE �*Òab,\ �\-* ,\ -W*,1 a �`Sab\Y a\V`djSb ,a1 \ab*WnZm1 ]`*,SOb1Wnab,*E V*V Ym ]`\hSb*WS , 8:Oy -W*,1D

\aY\b`S ,ZSY*b1WnZ\ Z* V*`bSZVS Z* /,df ]`1/m/dkSfab`*ZSg*fD ˙*,*y Sf \+ad/SYD �\E hb\ 4/1an S4\+`*31Z\E 4*O]Sa*Z\ , �*be1q 68B:P58 S �dVS 65B=P55D ˛*Y1bn b*V31Ehb\ Z* V*3/\y V*`bSZV1 1abn Z\Y1`D �*V\y 31 Z\Y1` ab\SbS , Z*h*W1 *+4*g*E -/1 \]Sam,*1baq ob* V*`bSZV*D � b1]1`n/*,*y ]\aY\b`SYE Sa]\WZq1baq WS /*ZZmy �Sada\Y ]`S4Z*V, Z*jS /ZSD

5D �Sada aV*4*WB w m daWmjSb1 \ ,\yZ*f S a\\+k1ZSq \,\yZ*fDDD �DDD� �\/ZSY1baq Z*`\/ ]`\bS, Z*`\/* S g*àb,\]`\bS, g*àb,*xD �Wmj*W WS bm V\-/*OZS+d/n a\\+k1ZSq \,\yZ*fH � 1`,*q YS`\,*q ,\yZ* Z*h*W*an , 5=58 -\/d S 4*OV\ZhSW*an , 5=5< -\/dD \4/Z11E , 5=7= -\/dE Z*h*W*an �b\`*qYS`\,*q ,\yZ*D �Z* ]`\/\W3*W*an /\ 5=89 -\/*D ˙\ ob\-\ Z*41YW1 1k �1 ZSV\-/* Z1 +mW\ YS`\,mf ,\yZI � a1yh*a ,\yZm,1/dbaq ]\ ,a1Yd YS`dD `*VbSh1aVS V*3/my /1Zn \ ,\yZ*fY\3Z\ daWmj*bn ]\ `*/S\ S ]\ b1W1,S4\`d SWS ]`\hSb*bn \ZSf , -*41b*fD

6D �Sada b*V31 aV*4*WB w \/Z\Y Y1ab1 4* /`d-SY +d/dbZ1f,*bVS ]SkSxD �mE Z*,1`Z\1E 4Z*1jnE hb\ Z1 d ,a1f Wp/1y1abn /\ab*b\hZ\ ]SkSD *3/my /1Zn bmaqhS Wp/1y dYS`*pbS4O4* b\-\E hb\ SY Z1h1-\ 1abnD

7D �Sada /\+*,SWB w \/Z\Y Y1ab1 4* /`d-SY �+d/db�o]S/1YSSxD �m 4Z*1jnE hb\ b*V\1 o]S/1YSqH � 'b\ +\W14ZnE\b V\b\`\y dYS`*1b YZ\-\ Wp/1yD �b \/Z\y o]S/1YSS -`S]O]*E V\b\`my Z*4m,*Waq wSa]*ZV*xE ]`SY1`Z\ 4* -\/ dY1`W\\V\W\ 6> YSWWS\Z\, h1W\,1VI � , Z*jS /ZS 1k �1 +\Wnj1 WpO/1y Y\31b dY1`1bn \b � �˙*D *3/my -\/ bmaqhS Wp/1ydYS`*pb \b `*V*E a1`/1hZmf S YZ\-Sf /`d-Sf 4*+\W1,*ZSyD

��˙� �% ˛��˚�E �� ˚˙˙�� ˛�

247

8D �Sada /*W 1k �1 \/Zd h*abn ]`S4Z*V*D �Z aV*4*WB w \/Z\YY1ab1 4* /`d-SY +d/dbDDD 41YW1b`qa1ZSqxD �m 4Z*1jnE hb\ b*OV\1 41YW1b`qa1ZS1H � 'b\ V\-/* 41YWq ]\/ Z\-*YS b`qa �1baq Sa\/`\-*1baqD ˙\Y ‹* `dj*baqE SE V*V ]`*,SW\E -S+Zdb Wp/SD �*OhSZ*q a 5=58 -\/* V*3/my -\/ ]`\Saf\/Sb YZ\31ab,\ 41YW1Ob`qa1ZSyD �m V\-/*OZS+d/n aWmj*W \ 41YW1b`qa1ZSqfH �

9D �Sada \+`*bSW ,ZSY*ZS1 1k �1 Z* \/Zd h*abn ]`S4Z*OV* P wdYZ\31ZS1 +144*V\ZSqxD �\b ]\h1Yd , YS`1 b*V YZ\-\,\`\,ab,* S Z*aSWSqD \,ap/d Wp/S a1-\/Zq +\qbaqE hb\ , Sf/\Y 4*W14db ,\`mD �SV\-/* ]`13/1 Z1 +mW\ ab\WnV\ ]`1abd]OZ\abS S 31ab\V\abSD � ob\ ]`\Saf\/Sb ]\ ,a1Yd YS`dD

:D �Sada /*W 1k �1 \/Zd \h1Zn ,*3Zdp h*abn ]`S4Z*V*EaV*4*,B w�d/1b ]`\]\,1/*Z* ob* +W*-*q ,1abn \ g*`ab,1]\ ,a1y \+Sb*1Y\y 41YW1 /Wq a,S/1b1Wnab,* ,a1Y Z*`\/*YES b\-/* ]`S/ �1b V\Z1gx L�*be1q 68B58MD ˚aWS bm ,1`Sjn ,wobd +W*-dp ,1abnxE b\-/* b1+1 Zd3Z\ /1WSbnaq 1p a /`d-SYSD \abd]*q b*VE bm aY\31jn dh*ab,\,*bn , Sa]\WZ1ZSS ob\yh*abS ]`S4Z*V*D

�/Z*V\ Vb\Ob\ Y\31b ,\4`*4SbnE hb\ ,a �1E ]`1/aV*4*ZZ\1�Sada\YE ]`\Saf\/SW\ S `*Znj1D �\ ]\/dY*yB `*Znj1 ZSOV\-/* Z1 +mW\ b*V\-\E hb\+m ,a1 obS a\+mbSq ]`\Saf\/SWS\/Z\,`1Y1ZZ\ ,\ YZ\-Sf h*abqf YS`*D �1]1`n bm ]\ZSY*O1jnE hb\ \4Z*h*1b ob\b ]`S4Z*VH � �S/qE V*V Sa]\WZqpbaq,a1 obS a\+mbSqE Ym ]\ZSY*1YE hb\ V\Z1g ob\-\ YS`* \h1Zn+WS4\V S hb\ ,aV\`1 Z*abd]Sb Z\,my YS` �\-*I

�\,\`q \ ]`S4Z*V1E �Sada d]\YqZdW \ V\ZV`1bZ\Y ,`1Y1OZS -\/*D �Z aV*4*WB w�\WSb1anE hb\+m +1-ab,\ ,*j1 Z1 aWdhSOW\an 4SY\yx L�*be1q 68B6>MD *V bm /dY*1jnE hb\ \Z SY1W ,,S/dH �

�1-V\ WS 4SY\y a]*abSan \b Z*/,S-*pk1yaq \]*aZ\OabSH � \Z1hZ\E Z1bD �1/n ]\-\/* 4SY\y +m,*1b \h1Zn adO

248

��& �˚�� ˚�)

`\,\yE S +13*bn , b*Vdp ]\-\/d \h1Zn b`d/Z\D �\31baWdhSbnaqE hb\ a]*abSan ,\\+k1 Z1 d/*abaqD `*,/* +mW\ +m\+S/Z\E 1aWS +m Vb\Ob\ ]\-S+ b\WnV\ ]\b\YdE hb\ 4*Y1jV*WOaqE 4*ZSY*qan /`d-SYS /1W*YSE S Z1 a`*4d ,ZqW ]`1/d]`13O/1ZSpH �

�1]1`n bm ]\ZSY*1jnE ]\h1Yd �Sada -\,\`SWE hb\ Z*/\a]*a*bnaq +1-ab,\YE Z1 /\3S/*qan 4SYmH � ˛Z*qE hb\ �`Y*O-1//\Z +WS4V\E Z*Y Zd3Z\ d31 a1yh*a ]`\q,Wqbn Wp+\,n V�\-d S `1,Z\abZ\ 1Yd aWd3SbnD �Y1ZZ\ ob\ S f\b1W aV*4*bnZ*Y �SadaD �\ 1aWS Ym +d/1Y Y1/WSbnE Y\31b ab*bn aWSjOV\Y ]\4/Z\D �\-/* Ym +d/1Y ]\f\3S Z* Wp/1yE V\b\`m13SWS /\ \b\]*B \ZS aWmj*WSE \ h �1Y ]`1/d]`13/*W�\yE Z\ b*V S Z1 ,\jWS , V\,h1-D

� b1]1`n /*,*y ]\-\,\`SY \ b\YE V*V\y +dO/1b 3S4Zn ]\aW1 �`Y*-1//\Z*E ,1WSV\y ,\yOZm �\-*D �m d4Z ‹*1Y \ b\YE hb ‹\ �\-]`S-\b\,SW /Wq ,a1f Z*aE Vb\ Wp+Sb 1-\ SaWd3Sb 1YdD

� ,\b 1k �1 Z1aV\WnV\ abSf\,E S4 V\Ob\`mf Y\3Z\ d4Z*bnE hb\ �`Y*O-1//\Z +WS4V\B 6 SY\e1p7B5P9 S 6 �1b`* 7B7E 8D

�1Yd f\b1W Z*dhSbn Z*a�SadaE V\-/* -\,\`SW\ +1-ab,1 4SY\yH

��˙� �% ˛��˚�E �� ˚˙˙�� ˛�

�� ]\a1WSW �/*Y* S ˚,d , '/1YaV\Y a*/dD �\ ,`1Y1OZ1Y \ZS ]1`1ab*WS aWdj*bnaq �\-* S dY1`WSD �/Z*V\�1-\,* ]\4*+\bSWaq \ b\YE hb\+m Sf /1bSE ,VWph*q S

Z*a a1-\/ZqE Y\-WS 3Sbn ,1hZ\ , �*pD � �S+WSS \+1k*1baqBw `*,1/ZSVS Z*aW1/dpb 41YWp S +d/db 3Sbn Z* Z1y ,\,1VxL a*W\Y 7:B6=MD

� �S+WSS b*V31 `*aaV*4m,*1baq \ wZ\,mf Z1+1a*fx S\ wZ\,\y 41YW1x L6 1b`* 7B57C �a*Sq :9B5;MD �\,`1Y1ZZm1wZ1+1a*x P ob\ a1-\/ZqjZS1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,*E * wZ\,m1 Z1+1Oa*x P ob\ �Sada �`Sab\a S b1E Vb\ +d/1b ]`*,Sbn ,Y1ab1 aZSY Z* Z1+1D *V 31 +d/1b hd/1aZ\E V\-/* obS Z\,m1 Z1+1Oa*E SWS �\3n1 ]`*,1/Z\1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,\E +d/db ]`*,Sbn ,a1y41YW �1yI

� hb\ b*V\1 wZ\,*q 41YWqxH � �\,*q 41YWq P ob\ f\O`\jS1 Wp/SE V\b\`m1 Wp+qb �1-\,dD �Z\-/* , �S+WSS ]\/aW\,\Y w41YWqx ]\/`*4dY1,*1baq Z1 Z*j* ]W*Z1b*E * Wp/SEV\b\`m1 3S,db Z* Z1y L�mbS1 55B5E ��C a*W\Y :9B8C =9B5MD \ob\Yd Z\,*q 41YWq P ob\ Z1 Z\,*q ]W*Z1b*E * ]`*,1/Zm1Wp/SE V\b\`m1 +d/db 3Sbn , �*p Z* 41YW1D

�\,`1Y1ZZmy 4W\y YS` S ,a1 4Wm1 Wp/S Sah14Zdb Z*,a1-O/*D \YZSjnE Ym -\,\`SWSE hb\ \b\] ,\ /ZS �\q dZ �1a ,a1f4Wmf Wp/1yD �m b*V31 d4Z*WSE hb\ , Z*jS /ZS 4W\y YS` ]\O-S+Z1b , �`Y*-1//\Z1D � b1]1`n /*,*y ]\aY\b`SYE V*V\y +dO/1b 3S4Zn , �\3n1Y Z\,\Y YS`1 ]\aW1 �`Y*-1//\Z*D

xy � � � � � 8 < vw

�% ˝˚"& ˝��&� ��˚��

��˚ ��I

250

�Sb*q aW\,* S4 �a*SS 55B:P= S :9B69EYm d4Z* �1Y \ b\YE hb\ ,a1 3S,\bZm1 +dO/db /\+`mYS S ZSV\-\ Z1 +d/db \+S3*bnD�\aY\b`S Z* obd V*`bSZVdD �S/SjnE ,\bq-Z �1Z\VE V\4W �1Z\VE W1\]*`/E b1W �1Z\VE +\WnOj\y W1,E * `q/\Y a ZSYS /1bSD � Y\31jnZ*4,*bn /`d-Sf 3S,\bZmfE V\b\`m1 d]\OYSZ*pbaq , �S+WSS S S4\+`*31Zm 4/1anH ��\aY\b`SE ,\b Y*WnhSV S-`*1b a\ 4Y1 �1yI� Z\,\Y YS`1 Z1 Zd3Z\ +d/1b ZSV\-\+\qbnaq L�aSq 6B5<MD �b\ bm hd,ab,dO1jnE V\-/* /dY*1jn \+ ob\YH �

� b1]1`n \+`*bS ,ZSY*ZS1 Z* b\E V*V\y YS` S1/SZab,\ g*`qb a`1/S a*Ymf `*4Zmf Wp/1yD �a1

\ZS Wp+qb /`d- /`d-*E ,1/n �Sada aV*4*WE hb\SY1ZZ\ b*V +d/db ]\abd]*bn 1-\ ]\aW1/\O

,*b1WS L�\*ZZ* 57B78E 79MD �a �1 \`d3S1 Wp/S]1`1/1Wm,*pb Z* SZab`dY1ZbmE a ]\Y\knpV\b\`mf \ZS +d/db \+`*+*bm,*bn 41YWpD� �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ , Z\,\Y YS`1 �\-*

,a1 Wp/S +d/db 3Sbn , +14\]*aZ\abSD�+ ob\Y Y\3Z\ ]`\hSb*bn , �a*WY1

;5B;C �a*SS 6B8C 76B5:P5<S �141VSSWq 78B69D

�\aY\b`S Z* Wp/1y Z* ob\y V*`bSZV1D�ZS \+`*+*bm,*pb 41YWp S /1W*pb 1 �1 ]`1OV`*aZmY a*/\YD �\aY\b`SE V*V\y f\`\jSy/\Y \ZS ab`\qb S aV\WnV\ 4/1an e`dVb\, S\,\k1yD �p/S 3S,db , -*`Y\ZSS a ]`S`\/\yE]\ob\Yd 41YWq ab*W* `*1YE ]\/\+Z\ '/1YOaV\Yd a*/dD �+ obSf hd/1aZmf S4Y1Z1ZSqfY\3Z\ ]`\hSb*bn , �a*WY1 ::B;C ;5B5:C�a*SS 69B:C :9B65P68 S �141VSSWq 7:B79D

�a1 4/1an 4/\`\,m S ah*abWS,mD 1E Vb\ +mWSf`\YmYSE b1]1`n Y\-db ]`m-*bnE V*V \W1ZnDW1]m1 ab*WS 4`qhSYSE S ,a1 +\WnZm1 Sag1WSOWSan \b a,\Sf +\W14Z1yD � ,S/Sjn obSf Wp/1yH�ZS ,\aV`1aWS S4 Y �1`b,mfI �+\ ,a �1Y \+ ob\YY\3Z\ ]`\hSb*bn , �a*SS 69B<C 77B68C 79B9E :C˙1qZSqf 68B59 S �bV`\,1ZSS 65B7E 8D

�\b1W +m bm 3Sbn ,1hZ\ , �*p , ]`1V`*aZ\Y Z\,\Y YSO`1 �\-*H � �S \/SZ ,`*h Z1 Y\31b a/1W*bn b*VE hb\+m Ym3SWS ,1hZ\D �1b b*VSf b*+W1b\VE V\b\`m1 a]*aWS +m Z*a \baY1`bSD �+`1abS ,1hZdp 3S4Zn Ym aY\31YE b\WnV\ 1aWS +dO/1Y ]`S+WS3*bnaq V �\-dD �1WSVSy hSb1Wn \+lqaZSWE V*Vob\ Y\3Z\ /1W*bnD

�\4nYS �S+WSp S \bV`\y �\*ZZ*E 5;Op -W*,dE 7Oy abSfD�\b hb\ aV*4*W �1WSVSy hSb1WnB w�1hZ*q 3S4Zn , b\YE hb\+m]\4Z*,*WS b1+qE 1/SZab,1ZZ\-\ SabSZZ\-\ �\-*E S ]\aW*ZZ\O-\ b\+\y �Sada* �`Sab*xD

�b*VE hb\E ]\ aW\,*Y �Sada*E Z*Y Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE hb\+m3Sbn ,1hZ\H � `13/1 ,a1-\ Z*Y Zd3Z\ d4Z*,*bn \ Z*j1YZ1+1aZ\Y �bg1E �1-\,1E S \ 1-\ �mZ1E V\b\`my \b/*W 4* Z*aa,\p 3S4ZnD ˙Wq ob\-\ Z*Y Zd3Z\ S4dh*bn �S+WSpD � +\WnOj\y ]\Y\knp , ob\Y Z*Y aWd3Sb ob* VZS-*E whSan d �1WSOV\-\ hSb1WqxD

�\ V*V b\E hb\ Ym d4Z* �1Y \+ �1-\,1E ]\Y\31b Z*Y3Sbn ,1hZ\H � *3/my /1Zn Z*Y Zd3Z\ Vdj*bnEP ]\O/\+Z\ ob\YdE V*3/my /1Zn Z*Y Zd3Z\ d4Z*,*bn \+ �1-\,1D� �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w�1 fW1+\Y \/ZSY /\W31Z 3Sbn h1W\O,1VE Z\ V*3/mY aW\,\YE Saf\/qkSY S4 dab �1-\,mx L�*be1q8B8MD

�*Y b*V31 Zd3Z\ d4Z*,*bn \+ �Sada1 �`Sab1E ,1/n �\-]\aW*W a,\1-\ �mZ* /Wq b\-\E hb\+m \a,\+\/Sbn Z*a \b -`1Of*D � �S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB w�S , V\Y /`d-\Y Z1b a]*a1ZSqxD� b*V31B w `\q,WqpkSy ,1`d , �mZ* SY11b ,1hZdp 3S4ZnxL˙1qZSq 8B56C �\*ZZ* 7B7:MD �\ hb\ 4Z*hSb w]`\q,Wqbn ,1`dx, �Sada*H � 'b\ 4Z*hSb ]\OZ*ab\qk1Yd ,1`Sbn , �Sada* S]\ZSY*bnE hb\ +14 Z1-\ Ym Z1 aY\31Y 3Sbn ,1hZ\D �m ,1/n, ob\ ,1`SYE ]`*,/*H � ˚aWS /*E b\-/* /*,*y V*3/my /1ZndhSbnaq d �1WSV\-\ hSb1Wq S /1W*bn b\E hb\ \Z Z*Y ,1WSbD

�% ��˝˚"& ˝��& � �˚�� ˚ ��I

255

� ,\b hb\ b1+1 , ob\Y ]\Y\31bB hSb*y obd VZS-d ,a �1 aZ\,*S aZ\,*E ,ZSY*b1WnZ\ `*aaY*b`S,*y V*`bSZVS S `*4YmjWqyZ*/ ZSYSD �b*`*yaq \b,1h*bn Z* ,\]`\amE V\b\`m1 ]`S,1/1OZm V obSY V*`bSZV*YD �*V31 f\`\j\ hSb*bn obd VZS-da\ a,\SYS `\/Sb1WqYSD ˚aWS Sf Z1b `q/\YE Y\3Z\ hSb*bn 1 �1,Y1ab1 a /`d-SYS ,4`\aWmYS SWS /1bnYSD �*V 31 +d/1b 4*Y1Oh*b1WnZ\E 1aWS bm ]\+d/Sjn /`d-Sf d4Z*,*bn \ �1WSV\Y �hSOb1W1E ]`*,/*H � �1/n b\-/* \ZS b\31 aY\-db d4Z*bn \ b\YEV*V \+`1abS ,1hZdp 3S4Zn , Z\,\Y YS`1 \-*I

� S+WSS -\,\`SbaqB wS` ]`\f\/SbxD �\ , Z1y b*V31\+lqaZq1baqE hb ‹\ Zd3Z\ /1W*bnE hb\+m 3Sbn ,1hZ\ , Z\O,\Y YS`1 \-*B w�a]\WZqpkSy ,\Wp \-* ]`1+m,*1b ,1hOZ\x L5 �\*ZZ* 6B5;MD �b*VE hb\ Zd3Z\ /Wq b\-\E hb\+m3Sbn ,1hZ\ , Z\,\Y YS`1 \-*H � ˙*E Z1\+f\/SY\ d4Z*,*bn\+ �1-\,1 S 1-\ /\`\-\Y �mZ1E �Sada1D �h1Zn ,*3Z\ b*V31]`SY1Zqbn b\E hb\ Ym d4Z* �1YD � ]dabn , ob\Y b1+1 ]\Y\31bS4dh1ZS1 ob\y VZS-SI

� ��& � �˚�� ˚�)

˝1W*1b1 WS ,m ]\WdhSbn +\Wnj1 SZe\`Y*gSSH�m Y\31b1 a,q4*bnaq a\ �,S/1b1WqYS �1-\,mE ]\a1bS, a*yb www.jw.org.

Учись у ВЕЛИКОГО УЧИТЕЛЯ

Documents