Test of Visual Perceptual Skills –

3rd Edition

Tatiana Caldera & Megan Dupre

TVPS-3 Test Kit

$160.00› Manual ($45)› Test Plate

Booklet ($80)› 25 Record

Forms ($35)

www.academictherapy.com

Key Characteristics Purpose: to give a reliable measure of a

child’s visual perceptual abilities without requiring motor involvement

Performance-based assessment

Age Range: 4-0 through 18-11

Diagnostic Groups› ASD› ADHD› LD

Key Characteristics Settings

› Home› School System› Private Practice

Examiners› Occupational Therapists› School Psychologists› Counselors› Optometrists› Learning and Resource Specialists› Level B Professionals

Domains (7)

Visual Discrimination Visual Memory Spatial Relationships Form Constancy Sequential Memory Visual Figure Ground Visual Closure

16 items and 2 examples/subtest126 total items

AssessmentApproach

Frame of Reference

Bottom-Up

Visual Information Analysis

Areas of Occupation

Reading, driving, writing, calculating, meal prep, feeding, dressing, leisure activities, mobility

Test Length

30 minutes to Administer › Varies by age › Recommended: 2 plates/minute

All subtests are untimed except:› Subtests 2 (Visual Memory)› Subtests 5 (Sequential Memory)

Test Development Pilot Study

› TVPS-R: items were selected from the middle (easier) and end (harder) of each subsection

› 112 items selected from original 224 items

› n=128 (ages 10-15)

› TVPS-3 was developed without utilizing any new items

Conclusion

Test Development Cont. Normative Study

› Additional plates were added to pilot study plates› After item analysis, the final items for were

identified › 18 items & 2 examples/subtest 140 test items › Item bias studies provided a non-discriminatory

test

› 16 items & 2 examples/subtest 126 test items

Final TVPS-3

Sta

nd

ard

izatio

n

Sample

Item Bias Review

n = 2,008 83 sites in 38 states

› Public, private, parochial schools 97 examiners (majority OTs)

Gender Ethnicity Region Residence Parent Education Level

Testing Preparations Environment

› Free of any auditory and visual distractions › Well illuminated and ventilated

Consider Time of Day

Record general information on TVPS-3 Record Form

Test materials prepared prior to evaluation

VisualDiscriminatio

n

Visual Memory Test Items

Spatial Relationships

Form Constancy

Sequential Memory

Visual Closure

Visual Figure Ground

Testing Procedures Basals do not need to be determined

Give exact directions at child’s level› May be repeated throughout the TVPS-3 if needed

Administer both examples for all subtests› They can be used to teach the task › Further teaching is NOT allowed beyond the examples

Plates can be shown only ONCE

Administer all items until ceiling is reached

PSYCHOMETRIC PROPRTIESINTERNAL

CONSISTENCY RELIABILITY

TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY

VALIDITY

COEFFICIENT

ALPHA↓

SPEARMAN-BROWN

↓

• n=42

• Mean re-test interval 21 days

CONTENT: item analysis based on statistical methods

0.75-0.88 subtest

0.76-0.88 subtest

0.34-0.81 subtest

CRITERION-RELATED: Visual

Supplement of VMI-5

r = 0.67

0.96 entire test

0.96 entire test

0.97 entire test

CONSTRUCT: established by

chronological age and children dx with learning disabilities

and ADHD

Scoring & Results

Indication of potential Visual-Perceptual concerns

Scaled scores of below 7

% ile ranks below 16

Standard scores below 80

% ile ranks below 25

 

Measurement Concerns

Scoring can be confusing Administration can be lengthy depending

on child’s response rate Child requires good receptive language

skills to complete the assessment Competency in test administration Child’s behavior may interfere with results The test is only a “snapshot” of

performance at a particular point

References Kramer, P., & Hinojosa, J. (1999). Visual Information Analysis:

Frame of Reference for Visual Perception. Frames of reference for pediatric occupational therapy (2nd ed., pp. 205-256). Philadelphia: Williams & Wilkins.

Martin, N. (2006). TVPS-3: Test of visual perceptual skills (3rd ed.). Novato, CA: Academic Therapy Publications.

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http://www.wpspublish.com/store/Qualification_Guidelines%20V3. pdf