11-1

20041470

WASP6 (1) Theory

WASP6 , , , . WASP6 DYNHYD EUTRO, TOXIC , WASP EUTRO .

WASP6 WASP6(The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program-6) 1981EPA Di Toro WASP . . WASP6 2 DYNHYD WASP6 . DYNHYD ,WASP5 . WASP6 BOD, DO EUTRO , TOXI .

WASP6 WASP6 Water column Underling benthos , , - , , , . WASP6 . .

WASP6

(simulation and output control) (model segmentation) (advective and dispersive transport) (boundary concentration) (point and diffuse source waste load) , , (kinetic parameters, constants, andtime functions) (initial condition)

WASP6 , .

WASP61.1

. . , , .

1.1 (1.1) .

WASP6

1.1

WASP6

(1.1)

, C = , mg/L g/m3 t = , days UX, UY, UZ = X, Y, Z , m/day EX, EY, EZ = X, Y, Z , m2/day SL = , g/m3-day SB = , g/m3-day SK = total kinetic transformation rate; positive is source, negative is sink, g/m3-day

WASP6(1.1) , 1 .

(1.2)

, A = , m2 (1.2) , , , . , 1 Taylor series , .

WASP6

(1.3)

(1.4)

, (1.3) (1.4) , . (1.5)

,

(1.6)

WASP6 ,

(1.7)

(1.8)

(1.9) .

WASP6

1.2 (, x , j , L )

WASP6(1.7) (1.9) 1.2 (1.2) j , .

(1.10)

WASP6 Lj , .

(1.11)

WASP6, Rj,j+1 Rj-1,j , Qj,j+1 j j+1 . Cj,j+1 j j+1 , (01) , Cj,j+1 = Cj+1 + (1-)Cj , j , ij , .

(1.12)

WASP6(1) , , . ()

WASP , .

WASP6

,

WASP6 .

WASP6() PO4 - P . , , . , , . , .

WASP6

() , , . . , , .

WASP6

, , , . .

WASP6

C1 = C7 = K12 = K71 = ,

, C4 = C7 = fD7 =

WASP6()

, , , BOD, DO. . BOD BOD , , BOD , .

WASP6

, C5 = DO K1D = KD = KBOD = fD5 = BOD

DO , . , .

WASP6

K1R = Ka = KBOD = Cs = DO

1.2 . . .

WASP6WASP6 segment . , , segment , segment . segment segment , , , pH . Segments surface/ subsurface/ upper benthic/ lowerbenthic segment , 1.3 1,2,3,4 .

1.3 Segment

WASP61.3

(transport) . , , , . . WASP6 . segment . (V), (Q), (D), (B) .

WASP6

(1.13)

(1.14)

(1.15)

, a,b,c,d,e,f . WASP6 , , . (dispersion) , , . . Segment j .

WASP6

(1.16), Mik = segment k , g Cik, Cjk = segment , j k , mg/L Eij(t) = , m2/day Aij = , m2 Lcij = segment , m

WASP6 . . benthic segment j . , fDjk,fDik = segment ,j nij = ,j , Lw/L Eij(t) = , m2/day Lcij = segment , m Aij = , m2

WASP61.4 , , boundary segments . WASP6 , segment boundary segments .

(boundary concentration) CBik(mg/L) boundary segment k . . (upstream) boundary segments WASP6 (1.18) .

WASP6 (1.18)

, SBik = segment k boundary loading rate response, g/m3 -day Vi = boundary segment , m3 Q0i(t) = boundary segment , m3/day (downstream) boundary segments WASP6 (2.19) .

WASP6 (1.19)

, Q0i(t) = boundary segment , m3/day Cik = segment k , mg/L boundary segments WASP6 (1.20) .

boundary segment , boundary segment .

WASP61.5 . kg/day , .

(1.21)

, SLik = Loading rate response, g/m3-day Lik = , kg/day

WASP61.6

TOXI , . , , , , . TOXI , , . , , , , , , . , . 1 (first-order decay constants) (equilibrium partition coefficients) , 2 1 .

WASP6

1.4

WASP6.

, , , , , . (1.22)

, Kki = k 1 , day-1

WASP6(1)

, . . . (growth metabolism) (cometabolism) . . 2 20. . . , . 1 . . .

WASP6 . , . . 1 .

(1.23)

, Ki = segment j 1 , day-1 TOXI 1 .

WASP6

(1.24)

, T1/2 = , days .

. (1) . (10-5M ) .

WASP6

(1.25)

, KPS = (partition coefficient) KPS . KPS (DOC ) . (1.25) . Water column benthic segments , DOC , (3 ) 5 . .

WASP6

(1.26)

(1.27)

, n . . . Cw Cs, CB Kps0 KpB(L/kg) .

WASP6

(1.28)

(1.29)

DOC Freundlich .

(1.30)

(1.31)

WASP6 .

(1.32)

fD .

(1.33)

DOC .

WASP6

(1.34)

(1.35)

, , , DOC . , , , .

WASP6 (1.36)

(1.37)

(1.38) mg/L . (1.39)

(1.40)

(1.41) mg/Lw, mg/kgs, mg/kgB.

WASP6(2) Option 1 : . . Lw/kgs.

Option 2 : (organic carbon) KOC( ), . , . .

WASP6

(1.43)

(1.44)

, Koc = , Lw/kgoc focs = 1.0 = DOC

Option 3 : Koc - . log Koc , - Kow(Lw/Loct) .

WASP6

(1.44)

, a0 a1 log 0.6, 1.0 , Koc Option 2 . Option 4 : . , O'Connor Connolly(1980) . O'connor Connolly . . (particle interaction model) . - . . .

WASP6

(1.44)

, x = , 1.

WASP6

WASP61.7 . . . (settling), (resuspension), (burial). (transfer) (transformationrate) . .

WASP6 , benthic segment water segment .

WASP6. (1) Water column transport water segment bed segment (deposit). WASP6 3,4,5 , , . . Stoke .

(1.46)

WASP6

(1.46)

, Vs = Stokes velocity, m/day g = , 981 cm/sec2 = , 0.01 poise(g/cm3-sec) at 20 p, w = , g/cm3 dp = , mm

WASP6

1.5

WASP6(2) Benthic Exchange

benthic exchange .

(1.47), WBs = net sediment flux rate, g/day S = , g/m3 wD = (deposition) , m/day wR = (scour) , m/day Aij = benthic segment , m2 = benthic segment j = water segment

WASP6.

, segment . (Universal Soil Loss Equation) .

.

. . WASP6 . bed segment . bed segment (eroded). . .

WASP6(1) Constant Bed Volume Option

Constant Bed Volume Option net flux . , 3,4,5 . , .

.

WASP6

(1.48)

, ws = , m/day Si = , g/m3 Sj = , g/m3 di = , m

WASP6 . S/t 0 .

(1.49)

WASP6 bed segment .

WASP6(2) Variable bed volume option Bed Volume Option . . . . . , .

time step . , , . .

WASP6 time step , bed segment . (1.50)

(1.51)

.

WASP61.8 WASP6 segment . segments . .